Mexican Wines: Impact of Geography, Climate, and Soil on the Quality of the Grape and Wine─A Review

Abstract

Mexican viticulture has achieved a notable global presence. This review aims to explore the main wine regions in Mexico and examine how geography, climate, and soil affect the quality of grapes and wine. A comprehensive research review was conducted using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus as search engines. Mexico has three wine regions with temperatures ranging from 8 to 30 °C and an average solar radiation of 1400 h per year. Their main soil types are acid, alluvial, alkaline, clay, sandy, and calcareous. Mexican grapes have high acidity and moderate sugar levels, yielding wines with complex profiles. Despite its favorable viticultural conditions, Mexico needs to increase studies focused on terroir characteristics and their impact on grape and wine quality. In the face of global climate change, it is crucial to implement modern technologies in viticulture that allow optimal agricultural practices and increase the production of high-quality grapes.