Non-Darcy Bioconvective Flow of the Ree-Eyring Ternary-Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet with Velocity and Thermal Slips: Entropy Analysis

Abstract

The present paper proposes the mathematical model for non-Newtonian fluid (Ree-Eyring model) towards a stretched sheet with the porous medium by considering the gyrotactic microorganisms and the inclined magnetic field. The composite of Al_2 O_3,Ag,and Ti O_2 in water is called ternary-hybrid nanofluid (THNF), while the composite relation among Al_2 O_3,Ag in water is known as hybrid nanofluid (HNF), and Al_2 O_3 in water is the nanofluid (NF).The Buongiorno model is used inflow modeling to investigate thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The appropriate transformations are implemented to transform governing partial differential equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation. The mathematical model is converted to ODEs using suitable similarity transformation. The bvp4c function in MATLAB is used to solve boundary value problems (BVPs) for systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It is part of the MATLAB's Boundary Value Problems (BVP) solver suite. The effects of the physical parameters on the dimensionless variables and quantities of physical interest are analyzed with the aid of figures. It is demonstrated that ternary hybrid nanofluids provide the highest heat transfer rate at the cost of skin friction and offer the lowest Bejan number and entropy generation rates. They also reduce mass and microorganisms transfer rates. Furthermore, magnetic field, local inertia, Eckert number, and thermal slip reduce the Bejan number by promoting more efficient heat transfer.