Christos D. Georgiou*, Evangelos Giannakopoulos, George Salahas, Electra Kalaitzopoulou, Athina Varemmenou, Effimia Michail, Marianna Skipitari and Polyxeni Papadea,
{"title":"Long-Term Preservation Evaluation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil by Lipid Hydroperoxides and Malondialdehyde Toxicological Concern Levels","authors":"Christos D. Georgiou*, Evangelos Giannakopoulos, George Salahas, Electra Kalaitzopoulou, Athina Varemmenou, Effimia Michail, Marianna Skipitari and Polyxeni Papadea, ","doi":"10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00134","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Our study evaluates the long-term preservation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) (using the Koroneiki monovariety <i>Olea europaea</i> var. <i>Microcarpa alba</i>, from the Aitoloakarnania region in Western Greece) as a function of storage temperature, duration, and ±gaseous N<sub>2</sub> purge under dark conditions by introducing the following innovative tests (applicable to all plant oils): (i) a peroxide value (PV) test that is specific for EVOO′s lipid hydroperoxides (designated PV<sub>LOOH</sub>), the early-stage peroxidation product of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in contrast to the established nonspecific, unreliable, and less-sensitive iodometric test; and (ii) a test for EVOO′s free malondialdehyde (MDA), the late-stage peroxidation aldehydic product of PUFA, for measuring the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for MDA dietary exposure levels (designated TTC<sub>MDA-EL</sub>), a TTC concept that allows establishment of a level of exposure above which a toxicological concern may occur. It was found that the particular EVOO variety shows the best long-term preservation conditions with minimal change in PV<sub>LOOH</sub> levels when stored at −20 °C for up to 1.5 years, regardless of ±N<sub>2</sub> purge; storage at 5 °C represents the second optimum condition, where PV<sub>LOOH</sub> levels increase by 40% at +N<sub>2</sub> purge up to 1.5 years of storage. It was also found that TTC<sub>MDA-EL</sub> levels follow a similar trend to PV<sub>LOOH</sub> across the tested long-term preservation parameters. The study also introduces a minimum TTC dietary exposure level for MDA (TTC<sub>MDA-ELmin</sub>), which reflects the most optimum extraction procedures and storage conditions for EVOO, relevant for all commercial plant oils and derived food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":72048,"journal":{"name":"ACS food science & technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00134","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS food science & technology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00134","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Our study evaluates the long-term preservation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) (using the Koroneiki monovariety Olea europaea var. Microcarpa alba, from the Aitoloakarnania region in Western Greece) as a function of storage temperature, duration, and ±gaseous N2 purge under dark conditions by introducing the following innovative tests (applicable to all plant oils): (i) a peroxide value (PV) test that is specific for EVOO′s lipid hydroperoxides (designated PVLOOH), the early-stage peroxidation product of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in contrast to the established nonspecific, unreliable, and less-sensitive iodometric test; and (ii) a test for EVOO′s free malondialdehyde (MDA), the late-stage peroxidation aldehydic product of PUFA, for measuring the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for MDA dietary exposure levels (designated TTCMDA-EL), a TTC concept that allows establishment of a level of exposure above which a toxicological concern may occur. It was found that the particular EVOO variety shows the best long-term preservation conditions with minimal change in PVLOOH levels when stored at −20 °C for up to 1.5 years, regardless of ±N2 purge; storage at 5 °C represents the second optimum condition, where PVLOOH levels increase by 40% at +N2 purge up to 1.5 years of storage. It was also found that TTCMDA-EL levels follow a similar trend to PVLOOH across the tested long-term preservation parameters. The study also introduces a minimum TTC dietary exposure level for MDA (TTCMDA-ELmin), which reflects the most optimum extraction procedures and storage conditions for EVOO, relevant for all commercial plant oils and derived food products.