Insights into Structural and Molecular Variations of Alginates and Fucoidans Isolated from Padina australis Under Different Mechanical and Enzymatic Conditions
Jamileh Darem, Mehdi Tabarsa, SangGuan You, Dong-Jin Lee, Khamphone Yelithao
{"title":"Insights into Structural and Molecular Variations of Alginates and Fucoidans Isolated from Padina australis Under Different Mechanical and Enzymatic Conditions","authors":"Jamileh Darem, Mehdi Tabarsa, SangGuan You, Dong-Jin Lee, Khamphone Yelithao","doi":"10.1007/s11947-024-03498-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of extraction steps were carried out to evaluate the process of isolation of fucoidans and alginates from <i>Padina australis</i> in a single operation line under conventional, mechanical, and biological conditions. A broad range for amounts of polysaccharides were obtained for fucoidans and alginates (24.7–52.1%) with yield increasing by more than two-folds through enzymatic process. The color attributes, including<i> L</i><sup>*</sup> (lightness),<i> a*</i> (greenness-redness), and <i>b*</i> (blueness-yellowness), of polysaccharides isolated using enzyme assistance was favorably higher than conventional extractions. Fucoidans indicated a rather heterogeneous molecular weight distribution (251.4–1358.7 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol) than alginate molecules (1450.1–1933.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol). Galactose (32.7–44.70%) and fucose (21.5–38.3%) were predominant in fucoidan molecules negatively charged by varying levels of sulfates (10.0–16.5%) and carboxyl groups (0.5–6.3%). Isolated polysaccharides effectively and differently scavenged DPPH and ABTS free radicals and reduced Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup>. While both fucoidans and alginates induced proliferation in RAW264.7 cells, only fucoidans stimulated the macrophage cells to release nitric oxide. Polysaccharide chains of the most active fucoidan was formed of → 6)-Glc<i>p</i>-(1 → , → 2)-Fuc<i>p</i>-(1 → , Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → , → 4)-Glc<i>p</i>-(1 → , and → 3,4,6)-Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → residues. Overall, the employment of enzymes in the extraction process improved extraction efficiency, enhanced color attributes, retained structural integrity, and resulted in significantly higher antioxidant and immunostimulation capacities. Greater efficacy of isolated polysaccharides could be correlated to collective effects of sulfates, molecular weights and sugar composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":562,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioprocess Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food and Bioprocess Technology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-024-03498-7","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A series of extraction steps were carried out to evaluate the process of isolation of fucoidans and alginates from Padina australis in a single operation line under conventional, mechanical, and biological conditions. A broad range for amounts of polysaccharides were obtained for fucoidans and alginates (24.7–52.1%) with yield increasing by more than two-folds through enzymatic process. The color attributes, including L* (lightness), a* (greenness-redness), and b* (blueness-yellowness), of polysaccharides isolated using enzyme assistance was favorably higher than conventional extractions. Fucoidans indicated a rather heterogeneous molecular weight distribution (251.4–1358.7 × 103 g/mol) than alginate molecules (1450.1–1933.1 × 103 g/mol). Galactose (32.7–44.70%) and fucose (21.5–38.3%) were predominant in fucoidan molecules negatively charged by varying levels of sulfates (10.0–16.5%) and carboxyl groups (0.5–6.3%). Isolated polysaccharides effectively and differently scavenged DPPH and ABTS free radicals and reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+. While both fucoidans and alginates induced proliferation in RAW264.7 cells, only fucoidans stimulated the macrophage cells to release nitric oxide. Polysaccharide chains of the most active fucoidan was formed of → 6)-Glcp-(1 → , → 2)-Fucp-(1 → , Galp-(1 → , → 4)-Glcp-(1 → , and → 3,4,6)-Galp-(1 → residues. Overall, the employment of enzymes in the extraction process improved extraction efficiency, enhanced color attributes, retained structural integrity, and resulted in significantly higher antioxidant and immunostimulation capacities. Greater efficacy of isolated polysaccharides could be correlated to collective effects of sulfates, molecular weights and sugar composition.
期刊介绍:
Food and Bioprocess Technology provides an effective and timely platform for cutting-edge high quality original papers in the engineering and science of all types of food processing technologies, from the original food supply source to the consumer’s dinner table. It aims to be a leading international journal for the multidisciplinary agri-food research community.
The journal focuses especially on experimental or theoretical research findings that have the potential for helping the agri-food industry to improve process efficiency, enhance product quality and, extend shelf-life of fresh and processed agri-food products. The editors present critical reviews on new perspectives to established processes, innovative and emerging technologies, and trends and future research in food and bioproducts processing. The journal also publishes short communications for rapidly disseminating preliminary results, letters to the Editor on recent developments and controversy, and book reviews.