{"title":"NaHS immersion alleviates the stress effect of chromium(III) on alfalfa seeds by affecting active oxygen metabolism.","authors":"Ting Bu, Jianxia Yang, Jianxin Liu, Xiaofeng Fan","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2375673","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) on seed germination, seedling growth, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in alfalfa under chromium (Cr) ion (III) stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of 0-4 mM Cr(III) on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were first assessed. Subsequently, following seed NaHS immersion, the influence of H<sub>2</sub>S on alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth under 2 mM Cr(III) stress was investigated, and the substance contents and enzyme activities associated with ROS metabolism were quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group, alfalfa plant germination was delayed under 2 mM Cr(III) stress for up to 48 h (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At 120 h, the total seedling length was approximately halved, and the root length was roughly one-third of the control. Treatment with 0.02-0.1 mM NaHS alleviated the delay in germination and root growth inhibition caused by 2 mM Cr(III) stress, resulting in an increased ratio of root length to hypocotyl length from 0.57 to 1 above. Additionally, immersion in 0.05 mM NaHS reduced hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and oxygen-free radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>· -</sup>) levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), boosted glutathione (GSH) levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and notably enhanced catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the 2 mM Cr(III) stress treatment group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Seed immersion in NaHS mitigated the delay in germination and inhibition of root elongation under 2 mM Cr(III) stress. This effect is likely attributed to the regulation of intracellular ROS homeostasis and redox balance through enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems; thus, providing a potential mechanism for combating oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"19 1","pages":"2375673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229710/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plant signaling & behavior","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2024.2375673","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/7 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on seed germination, seedling growth, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in alfalfa under chromium (Cr) ion (III) stress.
Methods: The effects of 0-4 mM Cr(III) on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were first assessed. Subsequently, following seed NaHS immersion, the influence of H2S on alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth under 2 mM Cr(III) stress was investigated, and the substance contents and enzyme activities associated with ROS metabolism were quantified.
Results: Compared to the control group, alfalfa plant germination was delayed under 2 mM Cr(III) stress for up to 48 h (p < 0.05). At 120 h, the total seedling length was approximately halved, and the root length was roughly one-third of the control. Treatment with 0.02-0.1 mM NaHS alleviated the delay in germination and root growth inhibition caused by 2 mM Cr(III) stress, resulting in an increased ratio of root length to hypocotyl length from 0.57 to 1 above. Additionally, immersion in 0.05 mM NaHS reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen-free radicals (O2· -) levels (p < 0.05), boosted glutathione (GSH) levels (p < 0.05), and notably enhanced catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities (p < 0.05) compared to the 2 mM Cr(III) stress treatment group.
Conclusion: Seed immersion in NaHS mitigated the delay in germination and inhibition of root elongation under 2 mM Cr(III) stress. This effect is likely attributed to the regulation of intracellular ROS homeostasis and redox balance through enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems; thus, providing a potential mechanism for combating oxidative stress.
研究目的本研究旨在探讨外源硫化氢(H2S)对铬(Cr)离子(III)胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发、幼苗生长和活性氧(ROS)平衡的调节作用:首先评估了 0-4 mM Cr(III) 对紫花苜蓿萌芽和幼苗生长的影响。方法:首先评估 0-4 mM Cr(III)对紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,然后在 2 mM Cr(III)胁迫下,在浸种 NaHS 后,研究 H2S 对紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并量化与 ROS 代谢相关的物质含量和酶活性:结果:与对照组相比,紫花苜蓿在 2 mM 铬(III)胁迫下发芽延迟达 48 小时(p 2O2 ),无氧自由基(O2- -)水平(p p p 结论:在 2 mM 铬(III)胁迫下,紫花苜蓿种子发芽延迟达 48 小时:在 2 mM 铬(III)胁迫下,种子浸泡在 NaHS 中可减轻发芽延迟和根伸长抑制。这种效应可能是由于通过酶和非酶系统调节了细胞内 ROS 的平衡和氧化还原平衡,从而提供了一种对抗氧化胁迫的潜在机制。