Critical heat flux of liquid hydrogen, liquid methane, and liquid oxygen: a review of available data and predictive tools

Michael Baldwin, Ali Ghavami, S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan, Alok Majumdar
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Abstract

Available experimental data dealing with critical heat flux (CHF) of liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), and liquid oxygen (LO2) in pool and flow boiling are compiled. The compiled data are compared with widely used correlations. Experimental pool boiling CHF data for the aforementioned cryogens are scarce. Based on only 25 data points found in five independent sources, the correlation of Sun and Lienhard (1970) is recommended for predicting the pool CHF of LH2. Only two experiments with useful CHF data for the pool boiling of LCH4 could be found. Four different correlations including the correlation of Lurie and Noyes (1964) can predict the pool boiling CHF of LCH4 within a factor of two for more than 70% of the data. Furthermore, based on the 19 data points taken from only two available sources, the correlation of Sun and Lienhard (1970) is recommended for the prediction of pool CHF of LO2. Flow boiling CHF data for LH2 could be found in seven experimental studies, five of them from the same source. Based on the 91 data points, it is suggested that the correlation of Katto and Ohno (1984) be used to predict the flow CHF of LH2. No useful data could be found for flow boiling CHF of LCH4 or LO2. The available databases for flow boiling of LCH4 and LO2 are generally deficient in all boiling regimes. This deficiency is particularly serious with respect to flow boiling.
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液氢、液态甲烷和液态氧的临界热通量:现有数据和预测工具综述
汇编了液氢(LH2)、液态甲烷(LCH4)和液氧(LO2)在池沸和流沸中临界热通量(CHF)的现有实验数据。将汇编的数据与广泛使用的相关数据进行了比较。上述低温物质的池沸腾 CHF 实验数据很少。根据从五个独立来源中找到的仅 25 个数据点,推荐使用 Sun 和 Lienhard(1970 年)的相关方法来预测 LH2 的池沸腾 CHF。对于 LCH4 的池沸腾,只找到了两个具有有用 CHF 数据的实验。包括 Lurie 和 Noyes(1964 年)的相关性在内的四种不同的相关性可以预测 70% 以上数据中 LCH4 的池沸点 CHF,且误差不超过 2 倍。此外,根据仅从两个可用来源获取的 19 个数据点,建议使用 Sun 和 Lienhard(1970 年)的相关性来预测 LO2 的池沸腾 CHF。LH2 的流动沸腾 CHF 数据可在七项实验研究中找到,其中五项来自同一来源。根据这 91 个数据点,建议使用 Katto 和 Ohno(1984 年)的相关性来预测 LH2 的流动沸点温度。对于 LCH4 或 LO2 的流动沸腾 CHF,没有找到有用的数据。现有的 LCH4 和 LO2 流动沸腾数据库普遍缺乏所有沸腾状态的数据。这种不足在流动沸腾方面尤为严重。
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