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Fluid-structure interaction modeling of dry wire drawing by coupling OpenFOAM models of lubricant film and metal wire 通过耦合润滑油膜和金属线材的 OpenFOAM 模型,建立干法拉丝的流固耦合模型
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/012008
M Vervaecke, D Fauconnier, J Degroote
A steady 2D axisymmetric fluid-structure interaction model of dry wire drawing is developed to numerically investigate the interaction between the thin lubricant film and the plastically deforming steel wire. To reduce the computational cost, a layering technique is implemented in the axially moving structure. Additionally, a no-slip condition, imposed on the implemented sliding fluid-structure interaction interface, captures accurately the physics during the plastic deformation of the wire. An Arbitrary-Langrangian-Eulerian cell-centred finite volume solution methodology using pimpleFoam has been adopted to model the fluid, while a Lagrangian cell-centred finite volume solution methodology in foam-Extend executes the structural calculations. Moreover, the Python-based in-house FSI coupling code CoCoNuT performs the coupling of the flow solver and the structural solver by using the quasi- Newton IQN-ILS technique. The stresses with corresponding displacements are shown on the structure side. On the fluid side, the focus is on the behaviour of the loads of the lubricant. Additionally, the evolution of the fluid film thickness and the lubricant flow field are validated in terms of Couette and Poiseuille flow. Finally, the presented multi-physical problem shows a converged solution with a good performance of the IQN-ILS solver.
本文建立了一个稳定的二维轴对称干式拉丝流固耦合模型,用于数值研究薄润滑油膜与塑性变形钢丝之间的相互作用。为降低计算成本,在轴向移动结构中采用了分层技术。此外,在实施的滑动流体与结构相互作用界面上施加了无滑动条件,从而准确捕捉了钢丝塑性变形过程中的物理现象。流体建模采用了以 pimpleFoam 为中心的任意-朗格朗-欧勒单元有限体积求解方法,而结构计算则采用了以 foam-Extend 为中心的拉格朗日单元有限体积求解方法。此外,基于 Python 的内部 FSI 耦合代码 CoCoNuT 采用准牛顿 IQN-ILS 技术执行流动求解器和结构求解器的耦合。结构侧显示的是应力和相应的位移。在流体方面,重点是润滑剂的负载行为。此外,流体膜厚度和润滑剂流场的演变也通过 Couette 和 Poiseuille 流动进行了验证。最后,所提出的多物理问题显示出 IQN-ILS 求解器性能良好的收敛解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and characterization of the dealloyed hierarchical structure of AlSi10Mg-Cu alloys prepared using laser-powder bed fusion 利用激光粉末床熔融技术制备的 AlSi10Mg-Cu 合金的脱合金分层结构的合成与表征
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012036
S Sun, C F Zhang, W Y Wang, A Godfrey
Nanoporous structures with high surface area can be obtained by 3D printing of lattice structures and subsequent dealloying, with potential applications in the field of catalysis and batteries. Here we prepared a AlSi10Mg-Cu (38wt%) alloy by laser-powder bed fusion of mixed powders. A metastable structure was obtained after 3D printing, with significant differences in solidification structures in different regions. The solidification structure is inherited after dealloying, in which dendrites form submicron ligaments, and nanoscale ligaments are formed inside the dendrites. Dealloying of a 3D-printed lattice structure allows the preparation of hierarchical nanoporous copper with only limited crack formation.
通过三维打印晶格结构并随后进行脱合金处理,可以获得具有高比表面积的纳米多孔结构,并有望应用于催化和电池领域。在此,我们采用激光粉末床熔融混合粉末的方法制备了一种 AlSi10Mg-Cu (38wt%) 合金。三维打印后获得了一种可移动结构,不同区域的凝固结构存在显著差异。脱合金后,凝固结构得以继承,其中树枝状突起形成亚微米级韧带,树枝状突起内部形成纳米级韧带。通过对三维打印的晶格结构进行脱合金处理,可以制备出只形成有限裂纹的分层纳米多孔铜。
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引用次数: 0
Additive manufacturing to design a new material TiB2-reinforced SUS316L using TiB2-Fe composite powder 利用 TiB2-Fe 复合粉末的增材制造技术设计新型材料 TiB2 增强 SUS316L
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012002
R. Otsuka, T. Kikuchi, T. Yamamoto, S. Katayama
The metal additive manufacturing (AM) process allows for the production of three-dimensional (3D) parts with unique geometries that could not be formed by conventional methods. However, our aim is to utilize the AM process to create never-before-seen new materials because we believe it holds potential not only for new processing but also for creating a new material. The TiB2-Fe composite powder developed as a new raw material of the AM process, which was used as an additive powder in additive manufactured (AMed) SUS316L for effectively improving the mechanical properties of AMed SUS316L. The TiB2-reinfoced SUS316L synthesized by a Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) method using the TiB2-Fe composite powder had an extremely high Vickers hardness and strength of about 400 HV and 1250 MPa, respectively, being close to twice those of AMed SUS316L.
金属增材制造(AM)工艺可以生产出具有独特几何形状的三维(3D)零件,而这些零件是无法通过传统方法成型的。不过,我们的目标是利用 AM 工艺制造出前所未见的新材料,因为我们相信它不仅具有新加工工艺的潜力,还具有制造新材料的潜力。我们开发的 TiB2-Fe 复合粉末是 AM 工艺的一种新原料,将其作为添加剂粉末用于添加剂制造(AMed)SUS316L,可有效改善 AMed SUS316L 的机械性能。使用 TiB2-Fe 复合粉末通过粉末床融合(PBF)方法合成的 TiB2 再注塑 SUS316L 具有极高的维氏硬度和强度,分别达到约 400 HV 和 1250 MPa,接近 AMed SUS316L 的两倍。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the Theory of Spinodal Strengthening: Implications for Inhomogeneous Additive and Irradiated Structural Alloys 重新审视旋压强化理论:非均质添加剂和辐照结构合金的影响
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012032
Riccardo Civiero, Anter El-Azab
Composition fluctuations are commonly observed in additive manufactured alloys, high entropy alloys and irradiated alloys. These fluctuations, which arise due to thermodynamic and/or kinetic factors, influence the mechanical strength of alloys. The classical theory of spinodal strengthening in alloys with coherency stress arising due to the spinodal long-range composition fluctuations has been developed by Cahn, Kato and others. We present the motivations for revisiting Cahn’s theory to account for the concurrent solid solution strengthening in spinodally strengthened alloys by taking into consideration the effect of the solute friction along with the internal coherency stress. We briefly expose the model we developed to achieve the aforementioned aim and discuss some findings.
添加剂制造的合金、高熵合金和辐照合金中通常会出现成分波动。这些波动是由热力学和/或动力学因素引起的,会影响合金的机械强度。Cahn 和 Kato 等人提出了合金中的旋光强化经典理论,由于旋光长程成分波动而产生了相干应力。我们介绍了重新审视 Cahn 理论的动机,即通过考虑溶质摩擦和内部相干应力的影响,解释旋光强化合金中同时存在的固溶强化。我们简要介绍了为实现上述目标而开发的模型,并讨论了一些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Si particles in additively manufactured AlSi10Mg using synchrotron transmission X-ray nanotomography 利用同步辐射透射 X 射线纳米层析技术表征加成法制造的 AlSi10Mg 中的硅颗粒
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012027
M Defer, S Dasgupta, A J Shahani, X Xiao, D Juul Jensen, Y Zhang
In AlSi10Mg samples manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion, distinguishing the Si eutectic network/Si particles from the Al matrix by X-ray imaging is challenging due to the low absorption contrast between the Al and Si. This work investigates the possibility of overcoming this obstacle in synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy. Effects of both different defocusing conditions and X-ray beam energies are evaluated and optimal conditions are identified for imaging a sample annealed post-print for 2h at 520°C. It is shown that both large particles (e.g. 4μm) and particles as small as 0.5 μm, can be imaged with reasonable precision in 3D non-destructively.
在通过激光粉末床熔融技术制造的 AlSi10Mg 样品中,由于 Al 和 Si 之间的吸收对比度较低,通过 X 射线成像将 Si 共晶网络/Si 颗粒与 Al 基体区分开来具有挑战性。这项研究探讨了在同步辐射透射 X 射线显微镜中克服这一障碍的可能性。研究评估了不同散焦条件和 X 射线束能量的影响,并确定了在 520°C 下对退火后印刷 2 小时的样品进行成像的最佳条件。结果表明,无论是大颗粒(如 4 微米)还是小至 0.5 微米的颗粒,都能以合理的精度进行三维无损成像。
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引用次数: 0
Microstructure of additive manufactured materials for plasma-facing components of future fusion reactors 未来聚变反应堆面向等离子体部件的增材制造材料的微观结构
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012004
D A H Wartacz, H Becker, S Antusch, N Ordás, C Gundlach, O V Mishin, W Pantleon
Two metallic materials considered for the divertor in fusion reactors are manufactured by powder bed fusion through electron beam melting: tungsten as armor of plasma-facing components and an age-hardenable CuCrZr alloy as heat sink material for the divertor. Cuboids are additively manufactured from both materials, and cross sections containing the build direction are characterized by electron backscatter diffraction. A peculiar heterogeneity is observed in the microstructure of tungsten and traced to the scanning strategy. Large columnar grains along the building direction with slight outward inclination are seen on both sides of the cross section i.e. where grains are observed in viewing planes perpendicular to the printing direction. Grains appear only slightly elongated in the center; neither their entire length nor their inclination is detected when the plane of view contains the printing direction. Many incidental twin boundaries are identified in the CuCrZr alloy; their occurrence is rationalized by the presence of an almost perfect <110> fiber texture. Additionally, X-ray computed tomography confirmed the low porosity of the CuCrZr specimen.
聚变反应堆中的岔流器使用两种金属材料,它们是通过电子束熔化粉末床聚变制造的:钨作为面向等离子体的部件的铠装材料,可时效硬化的 CuCrZr 合金作为岔流器的散热材料。立方体由这两种材料加成制造而成,包含建造方向的横截面通过电子反向散射衍射进行表征。在钨的微观结构中观察到一种特殊的异质性,并可追溯到扫描策略。在横截面的两侧,即在垂直于印刷方向的观察平面上观察到晶粒的地方,可以看到沿构建方向略微向外倾斜的大型柱状晶粒。晶粒仅在中心略微拉长;当观察平面包含印刷方向时,既无法检测到晶粒的整个长度,也无法检测到晶粒的倾斜度。在 CuCrZr 合金中发现了许多附带的孪晶边界;这些孪晶边界的出现是由于存在几乎完美的 <110>纤维纹理。此外,X 射线计算机断层扫描证实 CuCrZr 试样的孔隙率很低。
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引用次数: 0
Additive Manufacturing of 7xxx Aluminium Alloys by Laser Powder Bed Fusion 利用激光粉末床熔融技术快速成型 7xxx 铝合金
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012019
K Zhang, S Wenner, C D Marioara, E W Hovig, Q Du, M Onsøien, K Marthinsen
Additive manufacturing of high strength wrought grade aluminium alloys is of great industrial and academic interests, but still difficult in practice due to the tendency of crack formations in the microstructure. This work aimed at producing dense crack-free samples of AA7075-type aluminium alloys by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology, and to investigate the microstructure. It was found that LPBF of pure AA7075 powder gave micro-cracks for all tested 25 processing parameters which covered a wide range of laser power and speed. In order to avoid the cracks, different methods were tried including high preheating temperature, introducing nano-particles, and adding Si into the alloys. Introducing ZrH2 nano-particles into AA7075 by mechanical blending could successfully produce crack-free samples using LPBF. Adding 5% Si into the AA7075 powder by mechanical blending could also give crack-free samples with high relative density. It was also found that the as-built samples with preheating at 250°C had hardness as-low-as 70HV. Solutionizing at 480°C with water quenching followed by artificial aging at 120°C can bring the hardness to 140HV and 120HV, for the AA7075 variants with ZrH2 and with addition of Si, respectively. Detailed characterizations revealed clear influences of both preheating temperature and alloying on the microstructure. It is concluded that preheating temperature should be carefully selected for AM of high strength precipitation hardening Al alloys.
高强度锻造级铝合金的增材制造在工业界和学术界引起了极大的兴趣,但由于其微观结构容易形成裂纹,因此在实践中仍然存在困难。本研究旨在利用激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)技术制备致密无裂纹的 AA7075 型铝合金样品,并对其微观结构进行研究。研究发现,纯 AA7075 粉末的 LPBF 在所有测试的 25 个加工参数下都会产生微裂纹,这些参数涵盖了很宽的激光功率和速度范围。为了避免出现裂纹,尝试了不同的方法,包括高预热温度、引入纳米颗粒和在合金中添加硅。通过机械混合的方法在 AA7075 中引入 ZrH2 纳米粒子,可以成功地利用 LPBF 制作出无裂纹的样品。通过机械混合在 AA7075 粉末中添加 5%的 Si 也能获得无裂纹且相对密度高的样品。研究还发现,在 250°C 下预热的成品样品硬度低至 70HV。对于含有 ZrH2 的 AA7075 变体和添加了硅的 AA7075 变体,在 480°C 下进行水淬固溶,然后在 120°C 下进行人工老化,可使硬度分别达到 140HV 和 120HV。详细的特性分析表明,预热温度和合金化对微观结构都有明显的影响。因此,在对高强度沉淀硬化铝合金进行 AM 时,应谨慎选择预热温度。
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引用次数: 0
Processability of K340 Cold Work Tool Steel by Directed Energy Deposition Technique 定向能沉积技术对 K340 冷作工具钢的可加工性
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012021
MS Kenevisi, PA Martelli, FS Gobber, D Ugues, S Biamino
Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is an additive manufacturing process which can be used to repair defected components, such as blanking dies made of K340 tool steel. In this work, double tracks of K340 steel were deposited using DED process to study the processability of the alloy, and the tracks were characterized by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microhardness test. The results showed that near full-dense deposits can be made. However, the thermal cycle imposed by the process alters the microstructure of the material. Further investigation is required to make it possible to achieve a more homogeneous microstructure.
定向能沉积(DED)是一种增材制造工艺,可用于修复缺陷部件,如 K340 工具钢制成的冲裁模。在这项工作中,使用定向能沉积工艺沉积了 K340 钢的双轨道,以研究该合金的可加工性,并通过光学显微镜(LOM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和显微硬度测试对轨道进行了表征。结果表明,可以形成接近全致密的沉积。然而,该工艺施加的热循环改变了材料的微观结构。要想获得更均匀的微观结构,还需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Peer Review Statement 同行评审声明
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/011002
All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 17• Number of submissions sent for review: 17• Number of submissions accepted: 13• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 76.5• Average number of reviews per paper: 1• Total number of reviewers involved: 5• Contact person for queries:Name: Joel GuerreroEmail: joel.guerrero@unige.itAffiliation: University of Genoa, Italy.
本卷中发表的所有论文均已通过编辑部的审核。专家审稿人按照 IOP 出版社出版的论文集期刊应有的专业和科学标准进行审稿:单一匿名- 会议投稿管理系统:Morressier- 收到的投稿数量:17- 送审稿件数量:17- 接受的投稿数量:13- 接受率(接受的提交材料/收到的提交材料 × 100):76.5- 每篇论文的平均审阅次数:1- 参与审稿的总人数:5- 联系人:姓名Joel GuerreroEmail: joel.guerrero@unige.itAffiliation:意大利热那亚大学。
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引用次数: 0
Inhomogeneous deformation in melt-pool structure of Al-Fe-Cu alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion 激光粉末床熔融技术制造的铝铁铜合金熔池结构中的非均质变形
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012016
Y Cheng, Y Otani, N Takata, A Suzuki, M Kobashi, M Kato
The laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processed Al–2.5Fe–2Cu (mass%) alloy exhibited a high tensile strength above 340 MPa and pronounced directional dependence. The sample exhibited a characteristic inhomogeneous microstructure (in melt-pool structure) arising from the local melting and rapid solidification in the L-PBF process. The coarsened cellular structure localized along the melt pool boundary resulted in the local soft regions affected by the melt pool structure. The local vulnerability contributed to the direction dependence of the tensile ductility of the specimen.
激光粉末床熔融(L-PBF)加工的 Al-2.5Fe-2Cu (mass%) 合金显示出 340 兆帕以上的高抗拉强度和明显的方向依赖性。在 L-PBF 过程中,由于局部熔化和快速凝固,样品呈现出特有的不均匀微观结构(熔池结构)。沿熔池边界局部的粗化蜂窝结构导致局部软区受到熔池结构的影响。这种局部脆弱性导致了试样拉伸延性的方向依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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