Imaging phenotypic differences in multiple sclerosis: at the crossroads of aging, sex, race, and ethnicity.

IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Frontiers in global women's health Pub Date : 2024-06-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fgwh.2024.1412482
Nabeela Nathoo, Nur Neyal, Orhun H Kantarci, Burcu Zeydan
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Abstract

Clear sex differences are observed in clinical and imaging phenotypes of multiple sclerosis (MS), which evolve significantly over the age spectrum, and more specifically, during reproductive milestones such as pregnancy and menopause. With neuroimaging being an outcome measure and also a key subclinical biomarker of subsequent clinical phenotype in MS, this comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of sex and hormone differences in structural and functional imaging biomarkers of MS, including lesion burden and location, atrophy, white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and iron distribution. Furthermore, how therapies aimed at altering sex hormones can impact imaging of women and men with MS over the lifespan is discussed. This review also explores the key intersection between age, sex, and race/ethnicity in MS, and how this intersection may affect imaging biomarkers of MS.

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多发性硬化症的成像表型差异:老龄化、性别、种族和民族的交叉点。
多发性硬化症(MS)的临床和影像表型存在明显的性别差异,这种差异在不同年龄段,尤其是在妊娠和绝经等生育高峰期有显著变化。神经影像学是多发性硬化症的结果测量指标,也是随后临床表型的关键亚临床生物标志物,本综述旨在概述多发性硬化症结构和功能影像学生物标志物的性别和激素差异,包括病变负荷和位置、萎缩、白质完整性、功能连接性和铁分布。此外,还讨论了旨在改变性激素的疗法如何影响女性和男性多发性硬化症患者一生中的影像学表现。本综述还探讨了多发性硬化症患者的年龄、性别和种族/民族之间的关键交叉点,以及这种交叉点可能如何影响多发性硬化症的影像生物标志物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
13 weeks
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