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Aya Contigo: evaluation of a digital intervention to support self-managed medication abortion in Venezuela. Aya Contigo:对委内瑞拉支持自我管理药物流产的数字化干预措施进行评估。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1401779
Kathryn Cleverley, Anjali Sergeant, Nina Zamberlin, Susana Medina, Genevieve Tam, Roopan Gill

Background: Venezuela continues to face a humanitarian crisis, where healthcare is difficult to access and abortion is legally restricted. In response to a growing need for life-saving abortion and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, a digital application called Aya Contigo was co-developed with local partners to support self-managed medication abortion. We sought to evaluate this digital health tool among pregnant people seeking abortion in Venezuela.

Methods: This is a mixed-methods pilot evaluation of Aya Contigo, a digital tool for pregnant people seeking abortion in Venezuela. From April to June of 2021, people in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited via passive sampling. Once enrolled, participants accessed information and resources on the application and were supported by study team members over an encrypted chat. Following medication abortion, participants completed an online survey and a semi-structured interview. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the survey responses. Interviews were coded thematically and analyzed qualitatively with NVivo.

Results: Forty participants seeking medication abortion in Venezuela were recruited to the study and given access to Aya Contigo. Seventeen completed the online survey (42.5%), with all participants identifying as women and a mean age of 28 (range 19-38; SD 5.55). Participants expressed confidence in Aya Contigo; 53% (9/17) felt "very supported" and the remaining 47% (8/17) felt "somewhat supported" by the app throughout the self-managed abortion process. The app was rated as highly usable, with an overall System Usability Scale score of 83.4/100. Thirteen respondents participated in a semi-structured phone interview, and qualitative analysis identified key themes relating to the experience of seeking abortion in Venezuela, the user experience with Aya Contigo, and the app's role in the existing ecosystem of abortion and contraceptive care in Venezuela.

Discussion: This mixed-methods pilot study demonstrates that the Aya Contigo mobile application may support pregnant people seeking medication abortion and post-abortion contraceptive services in Venezuela. Participants valued the provision of evidence-based information, virtual accompaniment services, and locally-available sexual and reproductive health resources via the digital tool. Further research and interventions are needed to ensure that all pregnant people in Venezuela can access safe abortion and contraceptive resources.

背景:委内瑞拉仍然面临着人道主义危机,很难获得医疗保健服务,堕胎也受到法律限制。为了满足人们对挽救生命的人工流产及性健康和生殖健康(SRH)服务日益增长的需求,我们与当地合作伙伴共同开发了一款名为 Aya Contigo 的数字应用程序,以支持自我管理的药物流产。我们试图在委内瑞拉寻求人工流产的孕妇中对这一数字健康工具进行评估:这是一项针对委内瑞拉寻求流产的孕妇的数字化工具 Aya Contigo 的混合方法试点评估。2021 年 4 月至 6 月,通过被动抽样的方式招募了怀孕前三个月的孕妇。注册成功后,参与者可访问应用程序上的信息和资源,并通过加密聊天获得研究小组成员的支持。药物流产后,参与者完成了在线调查和半结构化访谈。描述性统计用于评估调查回复。采用 NVivo 对访谈进行主题编码和定性分析:研究招募了 40 名在委内瑞拉寻求药物流产的参与者,并为其提供了 Aya Contigo。17 人完成了在线调查(42.5%),所有参与者均为女性,平均年龄为 28 岁(19-38 岁不等;SD 5.55)。参与者表达了对 Aya Contigo 的信心;53%(9/17)的参与者认为该应用程序在整个自我管理流产过程中 "非常支持",其余 47%(8/17)的参与者认为该应用程序 "有点支持"。该应用程序被评为高度可用,系统可用性量表总分为 83.4/100。13 名受访者参加了半结构化电话访谈,定性分析确定了与在委内瑞拉寻求人工流产的经历、Aya Contigo 的用户体验以及该应用程序在委内瑞拉现有人工流产和避孕护理生态系统中的作用有关的关键主题:这项混合方法试点研究表明,Aya Contigo 移动应用程序可为委内瑞拉寻求药物流产和流产后避孕服务的孕妇提供支持。参与者对该数字工具提供的循证信息、虚拟陪伴服务以及当地可用的性健康和生殖健康资源给予了高度评价。为确保委内瑞拉的所有孕妇都能获得安全的人工流产和避孕资源,还需要进一步的研究和干预。
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引用次数: 0
Less than one in five teenage women in Ethiopia know about emergency contraception. 在埃塞俄比亚,只有不到五分之一的少女了解紧急避孕。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1437375
Tesfahun Zemene Tafere, Getachew Teshale, Melak Jejaw, Kaleb Assegid Demissie, Lemlem Daniel Baffa, Demiss Mulatu Geberu, Misganaw Guadie Tiruneh, Asebe Hagos

Background: Teenage women's fertility health faces significant challenges from unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. Using an emergency contraception within a defined time period could prevent unintended pregnancy and its damaging consequences, like unintended childbirth and unsafe abortion. Despite it being an appropriate contraception, the knowledge of teenage women about emergency contraception is lower among women in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the magnitude of emergency contraception knowledge and its associated factors among teenage women in Ethiopia.

Methods: Data for this study was obtained from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys. A total weighted sample of 3,381 teenage reproductive women were included. The significant associated factors with emergency contraception knowledge among teenage reproductive women were determined by fitting a multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model. Finally, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval and a P value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Results: In Ethiopia, the magnitude of teenage women who knew about emergency contraception was 19.47% (95%CI: 18.17, 20.84). Age 17 years (AOR = 1.76, 95%CI, 1.24, 2.48) and age 19 years (AOR = 2.18, 95%CI, 1.47, 3.22), primary education level (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI, 1.60, 4.76), secondary and above educational level (AOR = 4.70, 95%CI, 2.62, 8.44), being protestant followers (AOR = 0.63, 95%CI, 0.45, 0.87), being muslim followers (AOR = 0.68, 95%CI, 0.49, 0.93), media exposure (AOR = 3.36, 95%CI, 2.59, 4.34), rural residence (AOR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.22, 0.86), and high community level education (AOR = 140, 95%CI: 1.32, 2.00) were factors significantly associated with knowledge of emergency contraception among teenage women.

Conclusions: This finding concluded that less than one in five teenage women knew about emergency contraception in Ethiopia. The knowledge of emergency contraception among teenage women in Ethiopia was substantially associated with women's age, education level, religion, media exposure, residency and community-level education. Hence, there is a need to implement comprehensive awareness programs and promotion of emergency contraception as a way of curbing cases of unintended pregnancies among teenage women. Government and non-governmental organizations should design targeted educational initiatives and media campaigns to improve emergency contraception knowledge among young teenagers, women with lower educational backgrounds, and rural teenagers.

背景:少女的生育健康面临着意外怀孕和不安全人工流产的巨大挑战。在规定时间内使用紧急避孕药物可以防止意外怀孕及其破坏性后果,如意外分娩和不安全人工流产。尽管紧急避孕是一种适当的避孕方法,但在发展中国家,少女对紧急避孕的了解较少。因此,本研究旨在探讨埃塞俄比亚少女对紧急避孕知识的了解程度及其相关因素:本研究的数据来自最近的人口与健康调查。本研究的数据来自最近的人口与健康调查,共纳入了 3,381 名青少年育龄妇女的加权样本。通过拟合多层次混合效应二元逻辑回归模型,确定了与青少年育龄妇女紧急避孕知识相关的重要因素。最后,使用具有 95% 置信区间且 P 值小于 0.05 的调整概率(AOR)来宣布统计意义:在埃塞俄比亚,了解紧急避孕的少女比例为 19.47%(95%CI:18.17, 20.84)。年龄 17 岁(AOR = 1.76,95%CI,1.24,2.48)和 19 岁(AOR = 2.18,95%CI,1.47,3.22)、初等教育水平(AOR = 2.76,95%CI,1.60,4.76)、中等及以上教育水平(AOR = 4.70,95%CI,2.62,8.44)、信奉新教(AOR = 0.63,95%CI,0.45,0.87)、信奉伊斯兰教(AOR = 0.68,95%CI:0.49,0.93)、媒体接触(AOR = 3.36,95%CI:2.59,4.34)、农村居民(AOR = 0.45;95%CI:0.22,0.86)和高社区教育水平(AOR = 140,95%CI:1.32,2.00)是与少女了解紧急避孕知识显著相关的因素:这项研究结果表明,在埃塞俄比亚,只有不到五分之一的少女了解紧急避孕措施。埃塞俄比亚少女对紧急避孕知识的了解程度与妇女的年龄、教育水平、宗教信仰、媒体接触、居住地和社区教育水平有很大关系。因此,有必要实施全面的宣传计划,推广紧急避孕方法,以此来遏制少女意外怀孕的情况。政府和非政府组织应设计有针对性的教育举措和媒体宣传活动,以提高青少年、教育背景较低的妇女和农村青少年对紧急避孕的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Bench Sheko zone, Southwest Ethiopia: a case-control study. 埃塞俄比亚西南部 Bench Sheko 区孕妇感染乙型肝炎病毒的决定因素:病例对照研究。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-14 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1453231
Tewodros Yosef, Ephrem Eyasu, Nigusie Shifera, Gossa Fetene Abebe, Desalegn Girma, Aklilu Habte, Ahmed Fentaw Ahmed, Adane Asefa

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy poses serious risks by raising the likelihood of chronic infection in newborns by 90% and the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer by 25% in chronic infections. This study aimed to identify determinants of HBV infection among pregnant women in the Bench Sheko zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 15 to July 15, 2022, in selected health facilities of the Bench Sheko zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Medical charts were reviewed to collect the HBsAg status of participants, as all pregnant women attending antenatal care underwent routine screening. It involved 228 pregnant women (76 HBV-positive cases and 152 HBV-negative controls). Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS 21. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant determinants of HBV infection, and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Results: After controlling potential confounders, having no formal education (AOR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.01, 8.29; P = 0.007), urban residency (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.43, 6.86; P = 0.010), history of unsafe abortion (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI: 2.17, 6.98; P < 0.001), sharing sharp materials (AOR = 8.43, 95% CI: 5.54, 10.9; P < 0.001), contact with HBV-infected persons in the family (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.72, 4.87; P < 0.001), tribal scarification (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.24, 8.91; P = 0.017), and history of unsafe tooth extraction (AOR = 4.52, 95% CI: 2.18, 9.76; P = 0.039) were identified as significant predictors of HBV infection.

Conclusion: The study identifies multiple factors contributing to HBV infection in pregnant women. Therefore, it is crucial to promote safe abortion practices and the responsible use of sharp materials, avoid high-risk contact with infected individuals within the family, raise awareness about the risks associated with tribal scarification while advocating for safer practices, and offer education on safe tooth extraction methods to reduce the risk of HBV.

背景:孕期感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)会带来严重风险,使新生儿慢性感染的可能性增加 90%,慢性感染者患肝硬化和肝癌的风险增加 25%。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西南部 Bench Sheko 地区孕妇感染 HBV 的决定因素:方法:2022 年 5 月 15 日至 7 月 15 日,在埃塞俄比亚西南部 Bench Sheko 地区选定的医疗机构开展了一项非匹配病例对照研究。由于所有接受产前检查的孕妇都接受了常规筛查,因此研究人员查阅了病历以收集参与者的 HBsAg 状况。共有 228 名孕妇(76 例 HBV 阳性病例和 152 例 HBV 阴性对照)参与了这项研究。数据采用结构化问卷收集,并使用 SPSS 21 进行分析。为确定 HBV 感染的重要决定因素,进行了多变量逻辑回归,并以 p 值为统计显著性:在控制潜在混杂因素后,未受过正规教育(AOR = 4.94,95% CI:2.01,8.29;P = 0.007)、城市居民(AOR = 2.56,95% CI:1.43,6.86;P = 0.010)、不安全堕胎史(AOR = 3.87,95% CI:2.17,6.98;P )、共用锋利物品(AOR = 8.43,95% CI:5.54,10.9;P)、与家庭中的 HBV 感染者接触(AOR = 2.18,95% CI:1.72,4.87;P)、部落疤痕(AOR = 3.23,95% CI:1.24,8.91;P = 0.017)和不安全拔牙史(AOR = 4.52,95% CI:2.18,9.76;P = 0.039)被确定为 HBV 感染的重要预测因素:本研究发现了导致孕妇感染 HBV 的多种因素。因此,关键是要推广安全的人工流产方法和负责任地使用锋利的材料,避免与家庭中的感染者进行高风险接触,在倡导更安全的做法的同时提高人们对部落疤痕相关风险的认识,并提供有关安全拔牙方法的教育,以降低感染 HBV 的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic accuracy of a non-invasive spot-check hemoglobin meter, Masimo Rad-67® pulse CO-Oximeter®, in detection of anemia in antenatal care settings in Kenya. 肯尼亚产前护理机构在检测贫血时使用无创抽查血红蛋白仪 Masimo Rad-67® pulse CO-Oximeter® 的诊断准确性。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-14 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1427261
Angela Koech, Isaac Mwaniki, Joseph Mutunga, Moses Mukhanya, Emily Mwadime, Marvine Ochieng, Grace Mwashigadi, Hiten D Mistry, Rachel Craik, Peter von Dadelszen, Marleen Temmerman, Stanley Luchters, Geoffrey Omuse

Background: Point of care hemoglobin meters play key roles in increasing access to anemia screening in antenatal care especially in settings with limited access to laboratories. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a non-invasive spot-check hemoglobin (SpHb) meter, Masimo Rad-67® Pulse CO-Oximeter®, in the diagnosis of anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods: This was a diagnostic accuracy study that retrospectively evaluated SpHb against a validated reference standard of laboratory assessed hemoglobin (Lab Hb) by a SYSMEX XN-330 automated hematology analyzer. The study was nested within a prospective pregnancy cohort study that recruited unselected pregnant women from antenatal care clinics in two public hospitals in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya. Records with both SpHb and Lab Hb were selected from pregnancy visits between May 2021 and December 2022. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to compare the two tests and diagnostic accuracy parameters obtained for the diagnosis of anemia.

Results: A total of 2,975 records (from 2,203 unique participants), with paired SpHb and Lab Hb were analyzed. Linear regression showed a significant but weak positive correlation, a proportional bias of 0.44 (95% CI 0.41-0.47) and a constant of 7.59 (95% CI 7.30-7.87, p < 0.001). The median bias was 1.70 g/dl, with limits of agreement of -0.80 to 4.20. SpHb tended to be higher than Lab Hb on the low hemoglobin range but lower than Lab Hb on the high hemoglobin range. The sensitivity of SpHb in detecting anemia was 18.66%. Prevalence, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were 46.37%, 96.77%, 83.33%, and 57.92% respectively.

Conclusion: Overall, SpHb by Masimo Rad-67® Pulse CO-Oximeter® did not accurately identify pregnant women with anemia and many cases would be missed. We would not recommend its use in antenatal care settings.

背景:护理点血红蛋白仪在提高产前护理中贫血筛查的普及率方面发挥着关键作用,尤其是在实验室条件有限的情况下。我们的目的是确定 Masimo Rad-67® Pulse CO-Oximeter® 无创点检血红蛋白 (SpHb) 计在诊断肯尼亚基利菲产前护理诊所孕妇贫血方面的诊断准确性:这是一项诊断准确性研究,通过 SYSMEX XN-330 自动血液分析仪,对照实验室评估血红蛋白(Lab Hb)的有效参考标准,对 SpHb 进行了回顾性评估。该研究嵌套在一项前瞻性妊娠队列研究中,该研究从肯尼亚沿海基利菲县两家公立医院的产前检查诊所招募未经选择的孕妇。研究人员从 2021 年 5 月至 2022 年 12 月期间的孕妇就诊记录中选取了 SpHb 和 Lab Hb。通过线性回归和Bland-Altman分析,比较两种检测方法和诊断贫血的准确性参数:共分析了2,975条记录(来自2,203名参与者),其中SpHb和Lab Hb成对。线性回归显示出显著但微弱的正相关性,比例偏差为 0.44(95% CI 0.41-0.47),常数为 7.59(95% CI 7.30-7.87,p 结论:总体而言,MasRobot SpHb 和 Lab Hb 可用于贫血诊断:总体而言,Masimo Rad-67® Pulse CO-Oximeter® SpHb 不能准确识别贫血孕妇,许多病例会被漏诊。我们不建议在产前检查中使用该仪器。
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引用次数: 0
Estradiol and progesterone from pregnancy to postpartum: a longitudinal latent class analysis. 从怀孕到产后的雌二醇和孕酮:纵向潜类分析。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1428494
Jelena Dukic, Alexandra Johann, Mirka Henninger, Ulrike Ehlert

Introduction: During the peripartum, women undergo significant hormonal changes that are crucial for fetal development and a healthy pregnancy and postpartum period for mother and infant. Although several studies have determined healthy norm ranges of estradiol and progesterone, there are discrepancies among the reports, rendering it unclear which hormone levels are linked to adverse health outcomes. To account for the impact of sex steroid patterns on health outcomes in mothers and children, a longitudinal assessment of different parameters is needed.

Materials and methods: We longitudinally assessed a cohort of 130 women over five months during pregnancy and postpartum. The women provided saliva samples and completed psychosocial questionnaires. Hormone analyses were conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Different parameters of estradiol and progesterone were analyzed and evaluated in relation to psychometric variables. To examine the presence of heterogenous hormonal trajectories in the peripartum, we applied group-based trajectory modelling as a special case of latent-class group analysis.

Results: Estradiol and progesterone levels rose towards the end of pregnancy and dropped sharply after birth, with considerable individual variation, particularly during pregnancy. However, their ratio remained stable. We identified three estradiol trajectory subgroups and two progesterone subgroups. Age influenced progesterone levels, with older pregnant women having higher levels than younger women. Anxiety and depressive symptoms had a predictive value for trajectories of specific subgroups of women. The study also revealed two distinct subgroups regarding the course of estradiol and progesterone fluctuations as well as their ratio.

Conclusion: This study provides insights into the course and fluctuation of salivary estradiol and progesterone levels among healthy women during the peripartum period, highlighting significant variations in hormone levels but stability in their ratio during this time. The finding of distinct sex steroid courses in the peripartum is new and suggests the need for further research to explore their impact on health outcomes. Our preliminary results suggest that hormonal fluctuations at the end of pregnancy appear to be a normal occurrence and might even be a protective factor for associated psychological symptoms and sleep disturbances in women.

简介在围产期,妇女体内的荷尔蒙会发生显著变化,这对胎儿的发育以及母婴健康的孕期和产后生活至关重要。虽然多项研究已确定了雌二醇和孕酮的健康标准范围,但这些报告之间存在差异,因此尚不清楚哪些激素水平与不良健康后果有关。为了说明性类固醇模式对母婴健康结果的影响,需要对不同参数进行纵向评估:我们对 130 名妇女在怀孕和产后五个月内的情况进行了纵向评估。这些妇女提供了唾液样本并填写了社会心理问卷。激素分析采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行。分析和评估了雌二醇和孕酮的不同参数与心理测量变量的关系。为了研究围产期是否存在异质性激素轨迹,我们应用了基于群体的轨迹模型,作为潜类群体分析的一种特殊情况:结果:雌二醇和孕酮水平在妊娠末期上升,分娩后急剧下降,个体差异很大,尤其是在妊娠期间。不过,它们的比例保持稳定。我们发现了三个雌二醇轨迹亚组和两个孕酮亚组。年龄影响孕酮水平,高龄孕妇的孕酮水平高于年轻孕妇。焦虑和抑郁症状对特定亚组妇女的轨迹具有预测价值。研究还发现,在雌二醇和孕酮的波动过程及其比例方面,有两个不同的亚组:这项研究深入揭示了围产期健康妇女唾液中雌二醇和孕酮水平的变化过程和波动情况,凸显了这一时期激素水平的显著变化及其比率的稳定性。在围产期发现不同的性激素变化过程是一项新发现,这表明有必要进一步研究它们对健康结果的影响。我们的初步研究结果表明,妊娠末期的荷尔蒙波动似乎是一种正常现象,甚至可能是妇女出现相关心理症状和睡眠障碍的保护因素。
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引用次数: 0
Predictors of premarital cohabitation timing among young women in Ethiopia: insights from the 2016 demographic and health survey using a shared frailty model. 埃塞俄比亚年轻女性婚前同居时间的预测因素:利用共享虚弱模型从 2016 年人口与健康调查中获得的启示。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1327219
Teshome Demis Nimani, Eyob Eshete Tadese, Fikadu Wake Butta, Zinabu Bekele Tadese

Introduction: Most new HIV infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa due to premarital, likely experiences of abuse, exploitation, intimate partner violence, murder, and suicide. Transient nature of the relationship, cohabiting young females are frequently at risk for poor mental health following disagreements. This study's aim was to predictors of premarital cohabitation timing among young women in Ethiopia.

Method: Secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopian Health and Demographic Survey was analyzed. The study comprised a weighted sample of 6,142 young women. A weighted descriptive analysis of graphs, frequency tables, medians, and percentiles was performed to describe the study participants. The Akaike information criteria were used to choose the best-shared frailty model for the data. Final measures of effect size included the adjusted hazard ratio, both of which had a p-value of less than 0.05.

Result: Premarital cohabitation was reported to have a median age of 16 years (IQR, 15-18 years). Woman's age (AHR = 0.795; 95% CI: 0.761-0.868) was one of the independent predictors of time to premarital cohabitation. For primary, secondary, and higher education, respectively, 0.733 (95% CI: 0.607, 0.959) and 0.610 (95% CI: 0.589, 0.632) were seen among women who can read and write (AHR = 0.896; 95% CI: 0.872, 0.920). Women with access to the media (AHR = 0.722, 95% CI: 0.510, 0.963).

Conclusion: The most important idea is that educational level, access to media, age, and literacy are the most significant factors for the time-to-premarital cohabitation rate.

导言:在撒哈拉以南非洲,大多数新的艾滋病毒感染者都是由于婚前可能遭受虐待、剥削、亲密伴侣暴力、谋杀和自杀。由于同居关系的短暂性,同居的年轻女性在出现意见分歧时往往面临心理健康不佳的风险。本研究旨在预测埃塞俄比亚年轻女性的婚前同居时间:分析了 2016 年埃塞俄比亚健康与人口调查的二手数据。该研究包括 6142 名年轻女性的加权样本。对图表、频率表、中位数和百分位数进行了加权描述性分析,以描述研究参与者。采用 Akaike 信息标准为数据选择最佳共享虚弱模型。最终衡量效应大小的指标包括调整后的危险比,两者的 p 值均小于 0.05:据报道,婚前同居的中位年龄为 16 岁(IQR,15-18 岁)。妇女的年龄(AHR = 0.795;95% CI:0.761-0.868)是婚前同居时间的独立预测因素之一。受过小学、中学和高等教育的妇女的婚前同居时间分别为 0.733(95% CI:0.607,0.959)和 0.610(95% CI:0.589,0.632)(AHR=0.896;95% CI:0.872,0.920)。有机会接触媒体的妇女(AHR = 0.722,95% CI:0.510,0.963):最重要的观点是,教育水平、接触媒体的机会、年龄和识字率是影响婚前同居率的最重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Women's mental health and COVID-19: increased vulnerability and inequalities. 妇女心理健康与 COVID-19:脆弱性和不平等加剧。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1414355
Margareth Arilha, Adriana P Carvalho, Thais A Forster, Carla V M Rodrigues, Bianca Briguglio, Suzanne J Serruya

Introduction: The impact of COVID-19 on mental health has become a relevant object of research. Studies have demonstrated that women have experienced greater mental health challenges, highlighting the importance of public health systems to address women's specific needs.

Methods: This literature review explores the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on psychological distress among women, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject and to explore how these research findings can guide public mental health care responses in crisis settings. A total of 131 studies were analyzed and four dimensions were discussed: study characteristics, factors impacting women's mental health in the pandemic setting, particularities of pregnancy and the postpartum period, and proposed interventions. Most studies exclusively addressed populations of adult women, predominantly during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Results: Anxiety, depression, and stress were the most common outcomes. Lower education and income, preexisting mental health problems, and living alone or with children were risk factors for higher levels of anxiety and depression.

Discussion: A comprehensive care approach supported by public health policies and focused on intersectional factors, including race, socioeconomic status, and access to resources, is necessary to improve women's mental health care response in future crises.

导言:COVID-19 对心理健康的影响已成为一个相关的研究对象。研究表明,女性面临着更大的心理健康挑战,这凸显了公共卫生系统满足女性特殊需求的重要性:本文献综述探讨了冠状病毒大流行对女性心理困扰的影响,旨在提供对这一主题的全面理解,并探讨这些研究成果如何指导危机环境下的公共心理保健应对措施。共对 131 项研究进行了分析,并从四个方面进行了讨论:研究特点、大流行环境下影响妇女心理健康的因素、孕期和产后的特殊性以及建议的干预措施。大多数研究专门针对成年女性群体,主要是在孕期和产后:焦虑、抑郁和压力是最常见的结果。教育程度和收入较低、已有心理健康问题、独居或与子女同住是焦虑和抑郁程度较高的风险因素:讨论:在公共卫生政策的支持下,有必要采取一种全面的护理方法,并关注交叉因素,包括种族、社会经济地位和资源获取途径,以改善妇女在未来危机中的心理健康护理应对措施。
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引用次数: 0
Infectious and obstetric determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Southwest Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚西南部孕妇贫血的感染和产科决定因素。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1421884
Tewodros Yosef, Asaye Gizachew, Gossa Fetene, Desalegn Girma, Melsew Setegn, Aragaw Tesfaw, Binyam Girma Sisay, Nigusie Shifera

Background: Anaemia, characterized by low red blood cell or haemoglobin levels, impairs oxygen transport in the body and poses a major global public health issue, particularly affecting pregnant women and children. This study focuses on identifying the factors contributing to anaemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital (MTUTH) in southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2022, involving 370 pregnant women (90 with anaemia and 280 without). Data collection included questionnaires, laboratory tests (Hgb and stool examination), and anthropometric measurements. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis, with binary logistic regression identifying factors associated with anaemia. The significance level was set at a p-value <0.05.

Results: The study achieved a 100% response rate for both cases and controls. Factors identified as determinants of anaemia among pregnant women included malaria infection (AOR = 7.83, 95% CI: 3.89-15.8), hookworm infection (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.39-5.34), short birth interval (AOR = 7.11, 95% CI: 3.59-14.2), and history of unsafe abortion (AOR = 5.40, 95% CI: 2.46-11.8).

Conclusion: This study found that malaria infection, hookworm infection, birth interval <33 months, and a history of unsafe abortion are factors contributing to anaemia in pregnant women. Strategies such as distributing insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) to combat malaria, improving sanitation, anthelmintic drugs, promoting family planning to prevent unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions, and providing preconception care can help reduce the incidence of anaemia.

背景:贫血的特点是红细胞或血红蛋白水平低,会影响体内的氧气运输,是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题,尤其影响孕妇和儿童。本研究的重点是确定导致埃塞俄比亚西南部米赞-泰皮大学教学医院(MTUTH)接受产前保健(ANC)的孕妇贫血的因素:方法:2022 年 7 月 1 日至 8 月 30 日,在医院开展了一项非匹配病例对照研究,共有 370 名孕妇参与(其中 90 名患有贫血,280 名没有贫血)。数据收集包括问卷调查、实验室检测(血红蛋白和粪便检查)以及人体测量。数据分析采用 SPSS 21 版,通过二元逻辑回归确定与贫血相关的因素。显著性水平设定为 p 值 .结果:病例和对照组的应答率均为 100%。被确定为孕妇贫血决定因素的因素包括疟疾感染(AOR = 7.83,95% CI:3.89-15.8)、钩虫感染(AOR = 2.73,95% CI:1.39-5.34)、生育间隔短(AOR = 7.11,95% CI:3.59-14.2)和不安全堕胎史(AOR = 5.40,95% CI:2.46-11.8):本研究发现,疟疾感染、钩虫感染、出生间隔
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引用次数: 0
Dating violence in Portugal: how can it be handled in secondary schools and universities? 葡萄牙的约会暴力:中学和大学如何处理?
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1456595
Sofia Neves, Ariana Correia
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引用次数: 0
Factors associated with facility childbirth and skilled birth attendance in Migori County, Kenya and the effect of Lwala Community Alliance intervention: a cross-sectional assessment from the 2019 and 2021 Lwala household surveys. 肯尼亚米戈里县设施分娩和熟练助产护理的相关因素以及 Lwala 社区联盟干预措施的效果:2019 年和 2021 年 Lwala 家庭调查的横断面评估。
IF 2.3 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1426264
Christina Hope Lefebvre, Joseph R Starnes, Aleksandra Jakubowski, Alyn Omondi, Janet Manyala, Jane Wamae, Ash Rogers, Sandra Mudhune, Vincent Okoth, Vincent Were, Julius Mbeya, Samantha V Yap, Philip Omondi, Willys Ochieng, Tom Odhong, Carren Siele, Richard Wamai

Background: Despite evidence of the beneficial effects of skilled birth attendance (SBA) on maternal health and childbirth outcomes, there are disparities in access across counties in Kenya. These include Migori County which has historically recorded high maternal mortality rates. In 2007, the Lwala Community Alliance was founded to improve health outcomes in this county. The objective of this study is to provide a baseline status of facility childbirth and SBA in Migori and to characterize the effect of Lwala intervention on these outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was designed for a 10-year study to evaluate the effectiveness of Lwala initiatives. The 2019 and 2021 household surveys were conducted in Lwala intervention wards and in comparison wards with sample sizes of 3,846 and 5,928 mothers, respectively. The survey captured demographic, health, and socioeconomic data at each household, data on SBA and facility childbirth, and explanatory variables. A generalized linear model was used to determine factors associated with SBA. A secondary trend analysis was conducted to determine change over time in the explanatory variables and SBA. To determine the change in SBA rate due to Lwala intervention, controlling for background temporal trends, a difference-in-differences (DiD) model compared SBA rates in intervention wards and comparison wards.

Results: SBA increased in all surveyed wards and across all explanatory variables from 2019 to 2021. The DiD analysis showed that the SBA rate increased more in Lwala intervention wards than in comparison wards (Adjusted Prevalence Rate Ratio 1.05, p < 0.001, 95%CI 1.03-1.08). The 2021 survey found the highest rates of both facility childbirths (97.9%, 95%CI 96.5-98.7) and SBA (98.2%, 95%CI 97.0-99.0) in North Kamagambo, the oldest ward of Lwala intervention. Higher educational status, four or more ANC visits, marriage/cohabitation, and wealth were significantly associated with increased SBA.

Conclusions: We provide the first quasi-experimental evidence that Lwala interventions are significantly improving SBA which may inform related initiatives in similar settings. The household-survey data provides a baseline for continued evaluation of Lwala programs, and the breakdown by ward allows for development of specific programmatic targets.

背景:尽管有证据表明熟练助产护理(SBA)对孕产妇健康和分娩结果有益处,但肯尼亚各县在助产护理方面仍存在差距。其中,米戈里县的孕产妇死亡率一直居高不下。2007 年,Lwala 社区联盟成立,旨在改善该县的健康状况。本研究的目的是提供米戈里的设施分娩和SBA的基线状况,并描述Lwala干预对这些结果的影响:方法:为评估 Lwala 计划的效果,设计了一项为期 10 年的横断面家庭调查。2019年和2021年的家庭调查分别在Lwala干预区和对比区进行,样本量分别为3846名和5928名母亲。调查收集了每个家庭的人口、健康和社会经济数据、SBA 和设施分娩数据以及解释变量。采用广义线性模型来确定与 SBA 相关的因素。为确定解释变量和 SBA 随时间的变化,进行了二次趋势分析。为确定 Lwala 干预措施对 SBA 发病率的影响,在控制背景时间趋势的情况下,采用差分(DiD)模型比较了干预病房和对比病房的 SBA 发病率:从 2019 年到 2021 年,在所有调查病房和所有解释变量中,SBA 都有所增加。DiD 分析表明,Lwala 干预病房的 SBA 患病率高于对比病房(调整患病率比值为 1.05,p 结论:我们提供了第一份关于 SBA 患病率的准前瞻性分析:我们提供了第一个准实验证据,证明 Lwala 干预措施正在显著改善 SBA,这可能会为类似环境中的相关举措提供参考。家庭调查数据为继续评估 Lwala 计划提供了基线,而按选区分列的数据则有助于制定具体的计划目标。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in global women's health
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