Advances in Electrospun Nanofibers: Versatile Materials and Diverse Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Electrospining has emerged as a versatile and transformative technique for the fabrication of nanofiber materials, which have been shown to be promising in applications across various biomedical domains. Cutting-edge research in electrospinning technology is centered on enhancing versatility, efficiency, and functionality of electrospun nanofibers through several key facets. These include the development of advanced materials, with ongoing exploration into novel polymer systems spanning synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and polymer blends to broaden the spectrum of achievable properties and functions. Additionally, there is significant emphasis on controlling fiber size, morphology, and alignment. Surface functionalization with bioactive molecules, drugs, or targeting ligands enhances specific functionalities like antimicrobial properties, cell adhesion, or targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, researchers are delving into the creation of multifunctional hybrid structures by integrating electrospinning with other fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, microfluidics, or layer-by-layer assembly, enabling customized properties and functionalities. Lastly, there is a strong fucus on biomedical applications, leveraging electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and biosensing, aiming to develop biocompatible and bioresorbable scaffolds with controlled structural and bioactive cues to promote tissue regeneration and repair.