Development of covalent chemogenetic K2P channel activators

Abstract

K_2P potassium channels regulate excitability by affecting cellular resting membrane potential in the brain, cardiovascular system, immune cells, and sensory organs. Despite their important roles in anesthesia, arrhythmia, pain, hypertension, sleep, and migraine, the ability to control K_2P function remains limited. Here, we describe a chemogenetic strategy termed CATKLAMP (covalent activation of TREK family K⁺ channels to clamp membrane potential) that leverages the discovery of a K_2P modulator pocket site that reacts with electrophile-bearing derivatives of a TREK subfamily small-molecule activator, ML335, to activate the channel irreversibly. We show that CATKLAMP can be used to probe fundamental aspects of K_2P function, as a switch to silence neuronal firing, and is applicable to all TREK subfamily members. Together, our findings exemplify a means to alter K_2P channel activity that should facilitate molecular and systems level studies of K_2P function and enable the search for new K_2P modulators.