Understanding Psychological Factors in Vulvodynia and Developing CBT-Based Treatment: Qualitative Study of Women in Ibiaku Issiet Community

Abstract

The research aimed to understand the psychological factors associated with vulvodynia among women in the Ibiaku Issiet community and to develop a culturally sensitive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based treatment tailored to their specific needs and cultural context. The qualitative research design was employed, using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Participants were women aged 20 to 50 from the community who experienced vulvodynia. Five different themes emerged from the data analysis, such as lack of cultural awareness, stigma and shame, guilt, anxiety, and depression. The findings suggest that cultural norms and attitudes regarding sexuality, gender roles, and pain expression significantly influence the diagnosis, treatment, and management of vulvodynia. These psychological factors of anxiety and depression were found to be closely linked to increased pain severity and disability in vulvodynia, profoundly affecting women's quality of life, emotional well-being, sexual function, and relationships. The study recommends enhancing awareness and understanding of vulvodynia within the Ibiaku Issiet community through educational initiatives that provide comprehensive information about the condition, its symptoms, and available treatment options.