Neutrinos, light, matter, and the unification of gravitational and nuclear forces

Abstract

The discovery of neutrinos and the measurement of their masses are significant events in the history of science. The Rotating Lepton Model provides a useful basis for understanding particles and nuclear reactions, highlighting the importance of Special Relativity, Gravity, and Quantum Mechanics in our universe. Professor Constantinos G. Vayenas explains. The discovery of neutrinos by Pauli some 90 years ago and the measurement of their masses by Kajita and McDonald (1) some 20 years ago constitute significant developments in the history of science. The recent (2023) (2) detection of neutrino production during the proton-proton collision experiments at CERN confirms the basic assumption of the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) (2020), (3) i.e. that protons and neutrons comprise rotating neutrino triads, the former with a central positron. This implies that all matter in our Universe, including electromagnetic radiation, (4) comprises only five elementary particles: The three neutrinos (ν1, ν2, and ν3), the electron, and the positron. It also implies that two forces (gravity and electromagnetism) suffice for describing the interactions between these five particles and the concomitant production of all other composite particles, such as hadrons and bosons.