Synthetic cultivar development in cumin: Enhancing yield and drought tolerance

IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100563
Mahdieh Arshadi-Bidgoli , Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian , Hanieh Khavali , Mojtaba Ranjbar , Ali Izadi-Darbandi
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Abstract

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a valuable spice crop with medicinal properties belonging to the Apiaceae family. While farmers often favor the cultivation of cumin, low seed yield, particularly under drought stress, poses challenges to its commercial production. Due to cumin small flowers, self-incompatibility, and cross-pollination attributes, the production of synthetic varieties through polycross breeding can be an effective method for improving seed performance and enhancing drought tolerance in cumin. This study, for the first time, investigates the breeding progress of cumin in three populations over two generations. The first generation resulting from polycross breeding (SYN2 population), along with parental genotypes, was evaluated for agro-morphological traits under normal and low-water irrigation conditions in two locations and compared with the SYN1 population. Additionally, genetic diversity among parental genotypes, SYN1, and SYN2 populations was examined using Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) markers. Low water stress negatively affected all studied traits, except for essential oil content. Improved seed yield, increased drought tolerance, and higher cuminaldehyde content were observed in the SYN2 population compared to parental genotypes. Estimation of genetic parameters indicated a higher heritability and heterosis for traits in the SYN1 population compared to SYN2. Furthermore, trait heritability in the SYN2 population was higher under normal irrigation condition than under water stress. The highest narrow-sense heritability in both SYN1 and SYN2 populations was associated with the thousand-seed weight. Positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations between thousand-seed weight and seed yield were observed in the SYN1 population, while the SYN2 population exhibited the least negative impact of drought stress on this trait. Grouping populations through cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis based on both molecular and agro-morphological data showed complete concordance, effectively distinguishing cumin populations from one another. The SCoT molecular marker confirmed the homogeneity of the improved populations, demonstrating high efficiency in assessing intra- and inter-population diversity. Molecular variance analysis revealed lower within-population diversity (29 %) compared to between-population diversity (71 %). Among populations, SYN1, equivalent to F2 generation, exhibited the highest level of molecular diversity based on diversity indices.

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小茴香的合成栽培品种开发:提高产量和耐旱性
孜然(Cuminum cyminum L.)是一种具有药用价值的香料作物,属于伞形科。虽然农民通常喜欢种植小茴香,但种子产量低,特别是在干旱胁迫下,给小茴香的商业生产带来了挑战。由于孜然花小、自交不亲和以及异花授粉等特性,通过杂交育种培育合成品种是改善种子性能和提高孜然耐旱性的有效方法。本研究首次调查了孜然三个群体两代的育种进展。在两地的正常灌溉和低水灌溉条件下,对多交育种产生的第一代(SYN2 群体)和亲本基因型进行了农业形态特征评估,并与 SYN1 群体进行了比较。此外,还利用起始密码子目标多态性(SCoT)标记检测了亲本基因型、SYN1 和 SYN2 群体之间的遗传多样性。除精油含量外,低水胁迫对所有研究性状都有负面影响。与亲本基因型相比,SYN2 群体的种子产量提高、耐旱性增强、积醛含量更高。遗传参数估计表明,与 SYN2 相比,SYN1 群体的性状遗传率和异质性更高。此外,在正常灌溉条件下,SYN2 群体的性状遗传力高于水分胁迫条件下。在 SYN1 和 SYN2 群体中,千粒重的狭义遗传力最高。在 SYN1 群体中,千粒重与种子产量之间存在显著的表型和基因型正相关,而 SYN2 群体中干旱胁迫对这一性状的负面影响最小。根据分子和农业形态学数据,通过聚类分析和主坐标分析对种群进行分组,结果显示完全一致,有效地区分了不同的孜然种群。SCoT 分子标记证实了改良种群的同质性,在评估种群内和种群间多样性方面表现出很高的效率。分子方差分析显示,种群内多样性(29%)低于种群间多样性(71%)。根据多样性指数,在各群体中,相当于 F2 代的 SYN1 表现出最高的分子多样性水平。
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来源期刊
Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Drug Discovery
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
80
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: JARMAP is a peer reviewed and multidisciplinary communication platform, covering all aspects of the raw material supply chain of medicinal and aromatic plants. JARMAP aims to improve production of tailor made commodities by addressing the various requirements of manufacturers of herbal medicines, herbal teas, seasoning herbs, food and feed supplements and cosmetics. JARMAP covers research on genetic resources, breeding, wild-collection, domestication, propagation, cultivation, phytopathology and plant protection, mechanization, conservation, processing, quality assurance, analytics and economics. JARMAP publishes reviews, original research articles and short communications related to research.
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