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Deciphering the genotypic superiority of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) for yield and quality traits under three contrasting production systems 解密三种不同生产系统下姜黄(Curcuma longa L.)产量和质量性状的基因型优势
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100592
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a high-value spice and medicinal crop in the family Zingiberaceae. Growth, yield, and quality are influenced by geographical factors, production conditions, and climatic factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and light. Breeding for controlled environments requires a focus on specific plant traits, like rapid growth, adaptability to low light conditions, and manipulation of plant size. Genotypes with maximum genetic plasticity are ideal for these conditions. The cultivation of turmeric must accelerate to meet demands for a increased yield and quality while minimizing environmental impact, achievable through controlled-environment production systems. Our study aims to identify superior turmeric genotypes for high yield and quality under controlled production systems, including vertical structures and greenhouse conditions. Results showed significant variation among 21 genotypes across three different production systems in terms of yield, dry recovery, oleoresin, essential oil, and curcuminoids. CIM Pitambar (185.76), Acc. 849 (176.50), Acc. 214 (149.50), and IISR Pragati (148.74) demonstrated superior fresh rhizome yield per clump under vertical structures. IISR Pragati performed well in both under greenhouse (959.08 g) and field condition (635.95 g). High recovery of cured turmeric was recorded in Acc. 14 (23.20 %) under vertical structures, Chhattisgarh Haldi 2 (25.60 %) under greenhouse and Uttar Rangini (23.14 %) under field conditions. Waigon Turmeric outperformed all other genotypes for oleoresin and essential oil contents and was found to be significantly higher across the production systems. The curcuminoids varied significantly and ranged from 0.12 % to 6.65 % across three production systems. Waigon Turmeric (2.13 %) was found to be superior for vertical structures, IISR Pragati (3.62 %) for greenhouse and IISR Prathiba (6.18 %) for field conditions. Greenhouse condition was found to be the best environment followed by field condition for fresh rhizome yield and essential oil content, whereas field condition was best for dry recovery, oleoresin and curcuminoids content. Our findings suggested that yield and quality are affected by the environments, and yield was found to be best in the greenhouse and quality traits performed best in field conditions.
姜黄(Curcuma longa L.)是一种高价值的香料和药用作物,属于姜科植物。姜黄的生长、产量和质量受地理因素、生产条件和气候因素(如温度、相对湿度、降雨量和光照)的影响。针对受控环境进行育种需要关注特定的植物性状,如快速生长、对弱光条件的适应性以及对植株大小的控制。具有最大遗传可塑性的基因型是这些条件下的理想选择。姜黄的种植必须加速,以满足提高产量和质量的要求,同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响,这可以通过受控环境生产系统来实现。我们的研究旨在确定在受控生产系统(包括垂直结构和温室条件)下产量和质量更高的优良姜黄基因型。结果表明,在三种不同的生产系统中,21 个基因型在产量、干回收率、精油、精油和姜黄素方面存在明显差异。在垂直结构下,CIM Pitambar(185.76)、Acc. 849(176.50)、Acc. 214(149.50)和 IISR Pragati(148.74)的每丛新鲜根茎产量较高。IISR Pragati 在温室(959.08 克)和田间(635.95 克)条件下均表现良好。在垂直结构下,Acc.14(23.20%)、恰蒂斯加尔邦 Haldi 2(25.60%)和 Uttar Rangini(23.14%)的固化姜黄回收率都很高。Waigon姜黄的油脂和精油含量优于所有其他基因型,而且在所有生产系统中都明显高于其他基因型。姜黄素在三种生产系统中的含量差异很大,从 0.12 % 到 6.65 % 不等。在垂直栽培条件下,Waigon 姜黄(2.13%)更优;在温室栽培条件下,IISR Pragati(3.62%)更优;在大田栽培条件下,IISR Prathiba(6.18%)更优。在新鲜根茎产量和精油含量方面,温室条件是最佳环境,其次是田间条件,而在干回收率、油脂和姜黄素含量方面,田间条件是最佳环境。我们的研究结果表明,产量和质量受环境影响,温室条件下产量最好,而田间条件下质量性状表现最好。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative study of pulsed electric field, ultrasound, milling and soaking as pre-treatments for assistance in the extraction of polyphenols from willow bark (Salix alba) 将脉冲电场、超声波、研磨和浸泡作为辅助从柳树皮(Salix alba)中提取多酚的预处理方法的比较研究
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100591
White willow (Salix alba) has a long history of use as an herbal remedy for treating common pain and inflammation. Pre-treatment is a crucial step that assists the subsequent extraction process and may affect the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from plant materials. The objective of this work was to study the impact of pre-treatment methods on the hot water extraction of polyphenols from willow bark. Pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultrasound (US) pre-treatments were compared to commonly used pre-treatment methods, milling and soaking. All pre-treatments significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05) in willow extracts. At a similar energy level, PEF with 400 pulses yielded a higher TPC (44.33 mg GAE/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (DPPH of 74.58 mg AAE/g and FRAP of 186.41 mmol TE/g) than US pre-treated samples, but a small increase in ultrasonic energy resulted in the highest TPC (46.20 mg GAE/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (DPPH of 76.18 mg AAE/g and FRAP of 220.20 mmol TE/g) of all the pre-treatments. Compared with PEF and US, milling (42.69 mg GAE/g d.w.) and soaking (40.29 mg GAE/g d.w.) were less effective in recovering polyphenols but they were comparable with PEF and US when employed at low energy levels. Overall results indicate emerging technologies PEF and US can be alternatives to milling to enhance the extractability of polyphenols and to reduce energy consumption. The obtained willow extracts were a rich source of polyphenols that could be used for food and pharmaceutical applications.
白柳(Salix alba)作为治疗常见疼痛和炎症的草药已有悠久的历史。预处理是协助后续萃取过程的关键步骤,可能会影响植物材料中多酚的萃取效率。这项工作的目的是研究预处理方法对热水萃取柳树皮多酚的影响。将脉冲电场(PEF)和超声波(US)预处理方法与常用的研磨和浸泡预处理方法进行了比较。所有预处理方法都能明显提高柳树提取物中的总酚含量(TPC)和抗氧化活性(p < 0.05)。在能量水平相似的情况下,与 US 预处理样品相比,400 脉冲的 PEF 产生了更高的 TPC(44.33 毫克 GAE/g d.w.)和抗氧化活性(74.58 毫克 AAE/g 的 DPPH 和 186.41 毫摩尔 TE/g的 FRAP),但超声波能量的少量增加导致了所有预处理中最高的 TPC(46.20 毫克 GAE/g d.w.)和抗氧化活性(76.18 毫克 AAE/g 的 DPPH 和 220.20 毫摩尔 TE/g的 FRAP)。与 PEF 和 US 相比,研磨(42.69 毫克 GAE/g d.w.)和浸泡(40.29 毫克 GAE/g d.w.)对多酚的回收效果较差,但在低能量水平下与 PEF 和 US 相媲美。总体结果表明,新兴技术 PEF 和 US 可以替代研磨,提高多酚的提取率并降低能耗。获得的柳树提取物是一种丰富的多酚来源,可用于食品和医药应用。
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引用次数: 0
Arthropods pest complex and associated natural enemies across different phenological growth stages of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) in India: Insights for developing integrated pest management strategies for sustainable production 印度灰树叶(Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal)不同物候生长阶段的节肢动物害虫群及相关天敌:为可持续生产制定虫害综合防治战略的启示
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100590
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, commonly known as ashwagandha, is one of the 55 species prioritized by the National Medicinal Plant Board, India. It is pharmacologically, an exceptional medicinal plant used in ayurvedic and indigenous medicinal systems. Damage by insect pests is a crucial obstruction for the industrially and commercially supreme medicinal plant, ashwagandha. Studies on a long-term basis to catalogue different arthropod pests damaging ashwagandha, their peak activity period, the vulnerability of the crop stage, natural enemies associated with recorded insect pests and their activity period were still unexplored. The current study was carried out for three consecutive years and recorded wholly 54 species of arthropods causing injury to the ashwagandha crop across different phenological crop growth stages, and 32 species of natural enemies managing these corresponding insect pests. Of the observed phytophagous arthropods, the Hemipteran species (61 %) were dominant, followed by Coleoptera (13 %), Lepidoptera (9 %), and Orthoptera (9 %). Here we explored the arthropod pest assemblage such as sap suckers (65 %), defoliators (33 %), and root feeders (2 %) infesting ashwagandha in the subtropical region of India. Amongst these pests, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) appeared as a major threat to the quality raw material production of ashwagandha. The full blossom with the initiation of berries was found to be a more vulnerable phenological stage, being attacked by 74 % of recorded arthropod pests. The natural enemies belonging to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera outnumbered the leftovers. This study also encapsulates the activity period of arthropod pests and their natural enemies, which can be a path road to choosing other integrable components in management strategy and also to articulate the conservation strategies. Since, information on arthropod pests and their natural enemies in the crop ecosystem is elementary to articulate any Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted for a long period and making an inventory of arthropods infesting the ashwagandha crop, their correspondent natural enemies and their periods of activity can be a roadmap in constructing an IPM strategy for sustainable ashwagandha production.
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal,俗称灰树花,是印度国家药用植物委员会优先考虑的 55 个物种之一。从药理上讲,它是一种用于阿育吠陀和本土医药系统的特殊药用植物。虫害是灰树叶这种工业和商业价值极高的药用植物的主要障碍。对危害灰树叶的各种节肢动物害虫、其活动高峰期、作物生长阶段的脆弱性、与所记录害虫相关的天敌及其活动期的长期记录研究仍未进行。本次研究连续进行了三年,共记录了 54 种在不同物候期对白蜡树作物造成伤害的节肢动物,以及 32 种管理这些相应害虫的天敌。在观察到的植食性节肢动物中,半翅目物种(61%)占主导地位,其次是鞘翅目(13%)、鳞翅目(9%)和直翅目(9%)。在此,我们探讨了印度亚热带地区危害灰树叶的节肢动物害虫组合,如吸液虫(65 %)、落叶虫(33 %)和根食虫(2 %)。在这些害虫中,Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata(鞘翅目:Coccinellidae)似乎是灰树叶优质原料生产的主要威胁。研究发现,开花和浆果成熟期是比较脆弱的物候期,74% 的记录在案的节肢害虫都会对其进行攻击。鞘翅目、半翅目和膜翅目的天敌数量超过了残留天敌。这项研究还概括了节肢动物害虫及其天敌的活动期,为选择管理策略中其他可整合的组成部分以及阐明保护策略提供了一条道路。由于作物生态系统中节肢害虫及其天敌的信息对于制定任何虫害综合防治(IPM)战略都是至关重要的,据我们所知,这是首次进行长期研究,对侵扰灰树叶作物的节肢动物、相应的天敌及其活动期进行清点,可以为制定灰树叶可持续生产的 IPM 战略提供路线图。
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引用次数: 0
Species discrimination of Fritillaria Bulbus using PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a-based nucleic acid detection 利用基于 PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a 的核酸检测技术鉴别 Fritillaria Bulbus 的物种
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100589
Fritillaria Bulbus (FB) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known for its efficacy in relieving coughs and alleviating asthma. It is frequently used in conjunction with other Fritillaria species due to their highly similar morphological characteristics. Given their considerable medicinal and economic value, convenient and accurate methods for identifying these herbal medicines are essential. This study introduces a nucleic acid detection method that integrates PCR amplification of the target region of nuclear ribosomal DNA with CRISPR/Cas12a mediated trans-cleavage of a fluorescent reporter. This method distinguishes between the two most commercially valuable species of FB, specifically Fritillaria Cirrhosa Bulbus (FCB) and Fritillaria Ussuriensis Bulbus (FUB). A conserved fragment of nuclear ribosomal DNA was chosen as the target sequence for designing crRNAs specific to each species. Both crRNAs exhibit high sensitivity in detecting amplified genes, with a detection limit of 3.0 ng/μl. No cross-reactivity was detected with non-target species, indicating high specificity. The practicality of this method was validated through the analysis of standard medicinal materials and real-world samples. Compared to DNA barcoding, this method exhibited superior capability in detecting mixed samples, thereby establishing a benchmark for the application of CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid detection in verifying the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Fritillaria Bulbus(FB)是一种传统中药材,因其止咳平喘的功效而闻名。由于其形态特征高度相似,它经常与其他青风藤品种一起使用。鉴于这些中药材具有相当高的药用价值和经济价值,因此必须采用方便、准确的方法来鉴定这些中药材。本研究介绍了一种核酸检测方法,它将核核糖体 DNA 目标区的 PCR 扩增与 CRISPR/Cas12a 介导的荧光报告物反式裂解整合在一起。这种方法可以区分两种最具商业价值的 FB,特别是 Fritillaria Cirrhosa Bulbus (FCB) 和 Fritillaria Ussuriensis Bulbus (FUB)。我们选择了核核糖体 DNA 的一个保守片段作为目标序列,以设计出针对每个物种的特异性 crRNA。两种 crRNA 在检测扩增基因方面都表现出较高的灵敏度,检测限均为 3.0 ng/μl。没有检测到与非目标物种的交叉反应,表明其特异性很高。通过对标准药材和实际样品的分析,验证了该方法的实用性。与DNA条形码相比,该方法在检测混合样品方面表现出更强的能力,从而为基于CRISPR/Cas的核酸检测在验证中药材真伪方面的应用树立了标杆。
{"title":"Species discrimination of Fritillaria Bulbus using PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a-based nucleic acid detection","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fritillaria</em> Bulbus (FB) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known for its efficacy in relieving coughs and alleviating asthma. It is frequently used in conjunction with other <em>Fritillaria</em> species due to their highly similar morphological characteristics. Given their considerable medicinal and economic value, convenient and accurate methods for identifying these herbal medicines are essential. This study introduces a nucleic acid detection method that integrates PCR amplification of the target region of nuclear ribosomal DNA with CRISPR/Cas12a mediated trans-cleavage of a fluorescent reporter. This method distinguishes between the two most commercially valuable species of FB, specifically <em>Fritillaria Cirrhosa</em> Bulbus (FCB) and <em>Fritillaria Ussuriensis</em> Bulbus (FUB). A conserved fragment of nuclear ribosomal DNA was chosen as the target sequence for designing crRNAs specific to each species. Both crRNAs exhibit high sensitivity in detecting amplified genes, with a detection limit of 3.0 ng/μl. No cross-reactivity was detected with non-target species, indicating high specificity<em>.</em> The practicality of this method was validated through the analysis of standard medicinal materials and real-world samples. Compared to DNA barcoding, this method exhibited superior capability in detecting mixed samples, thereby establishing a benchmark for the application of CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid detection in verifying the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient in-vitro regeneration protocol for large-scale propagation of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. 用于大规模繁殖芦荟(L. Burm.f.)的高效体外再生方案
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100588
Aloe vera a medicinal shrub, is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to its therapeutic properties, but its male sterility and self-incompatibility make seed-based reproduction challenging. The current investigation provides a detailed account of a refined in-vitro regeneration process, discussing direct and indirect organogenesis techniques. Shoot multiplication, callus formation, organogenesis in callus culture, and rooting were all evaluated in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium employing several plant growth regulators (PGRs). BAP (N6-benzyl amino purine) alone at 3.5 mg/l was the most effective treatment for rapid shoot multiplication and the healthiest shoot quality in direct shoot proliferation. It was shown that a combination of 2.0 mg/l Kn (Kinetin) and 1.0 mg/l NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) was most responsive for regeneration in callus culture, whereas 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) produced the most profuse regenerative callusing. In addition, plantlets treated with 1.5 mg/l IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) in-vitro produced the highest and longest roots, contributing to a 94 % survival rate during the subsequent acclimatization process. Moreover, regeneration efficiency via direct and indirect channels is also briefly discussed. This research has the potential to enhance the efficiency, precise application of appropriate PGRs needed for the mass production of Aloe vera at various stages of in-vitro culture.
芦荟是一种药用灌木,因其治疗特性而被用于制药和化妆品,但其雄性不育和自交不亲和的特性使得种子繁殖具有挑战性。目前的研究详细介绍了精细的体外再生过程,讨论了直接和间接器官发生技术。在使用多种植物生长调节剂(PGRs)的Murashige和Skoog(MS)培养基中,对嫩枝繁殖、胼胝体形成、胼胝体培养中的器官发生和生根进行了评估。单用 3.5 毫克/升的 BAP(N6-苄基氨基嘌呤)对芽的快速增殖最有效,在直接芽增殖中芽的质量也最健康。研究表明,2.0 毫克/升 Kn(Kinetin)和 1.0 毫克/升 NAA(1-萘乙酸)的组合对胼胝体培养中的再生反应最灵敏,而 2.5 毫克/升 2,4-D(2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸)产生的再生胼胝体最多。此外,体外用 1.5 毫克/升 IBA(吲哚-3-丁酸)处理的小植株生根最多、最长,在随后的适应过程中成活率高达 94%。此外,还简要讨论了通过直接和间接渠道的再生效率。这项研究有望在体外培养的各个阶段提高芦荟大规模生产所需的适当 PGRs 的效率和精确应用。
{"title":"Efficient in-vitro regeneration protocol for large-scale propagation of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aloe vera</em> a medicinal shrub, is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to its therapeutic properties, but its male sterility and self-incompatibility make seed-based reproduction challenging. The current investigation provides a detailed account of a refined <em>in-vitro</em> regeneration process, discussing direct and indirect organogenesis techniques. Shoot multiplication, callus formation, organogenesis in callus culture, and rooting were all evaluated in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium employing several plant growth regulators (PGRs). BAP (N6-benzyl amino purine) alone at 3.5 mg/l was the most effective treatment for rapid shoot multiplication and the healthiest shoot quality in direct shoot proliferation. It was shown that a combination of 2.0 mg/l Kn (Kinetin) and 1.0 mg/l NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) was most responsive for regeneration in callus culture, whereas 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) produced the most profuse regenerative callusing. In addition, plantlets treated with 1.5 mg/l IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) <em>in-vitro</em> produced the highest and longest roots, contributing to a 94 % survival rate during the subsequent acclimatization process. Moreover, regeneration efficiency <em>via</em> direct and indirect channels is also briefly discussed. This research has the potential to enhance the efficiency, precise application of appropriate PGRs needed for the mass production of <em>Aloe vera</em> at various stages of <em>in-vitro</em> culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of microbiomes and mycotoxins revealing the importance in the standardized storage of Aesculus wilsonii Rehd fruit 微生物群和霉菌毒素分析揭示了 Aesculus wilsonii Rehd 果实标准化储藏的重要性
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100586
Aesculus wilsonii Rehd, a medicinal food homology plant, whose fruit are used to treat diseases such as edema and exudation of soft tissue. Nonetheless, the presence of microbial and mycotoxin contaminants in A. wilsonii fruit is still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatograph tandem-mass spectrometry were conducted to determine the diversity of fungal microbiome and mycotoxin contents in moldy A. wilsonii fruit. The prevalent fungi in A. wilsonii fruit included Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Dictyostelium, and Aspergillus. Furthermore, mycotoxin tests showed that all samples tested positive for ochratoxin A, with deoxynivalenol detected in 72.4 % of samples, zearalenone in 24.1 %, and T-2 toxin in 62.1 %, revealing these mycotoxins constituted the primary contaminants. Moreover, to monitor the mycotoxin-producing fungi, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) targeting key genes in toxin biosynthetic pathway of Fusarium and Aspergillus was established. and it can detect fungi with DNA content less than 20 ng. In conclusion, this study reported the microbiome diversity and the prevalence of fungi contamination in A. wilsonii fruit, while also established a rapid method for detecting toxigenic fungi. This work focused on analyzing and detecting microbiomes and mycotoxins in A. wilsonii fruit, providing a reference for the study of potentially harmful microorganisms in the storage of medicinal products.
Aesculus wilsonii Rehd 是一种药食同源植物,其果实可用于治疗软组织水肿和渗出等疾病。然而,A. wilsonii 果实中是否存在微生物和霉菌毒素污染物仍不清楚。本研究采用高通量测序和液相色谱仪串联质谱法测定了威尔逊霉果中真菌微生物组的多样性和霉菌毒素的含量。在威尔逊果实中普遍存在的真菌包括镰刀菌、壳斗菌、竹荪和曲霉。此外,霉菌毒素检测显示,所有样本的赭曲霉毒素 A 检测结果均呈阳性,72.4%的样本检测到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,24.1%的样本检测到玉米赤霉烯酮,62.1%的样本检测到 T-2 毒素,表明这些霉菌毒素是主要污染物。此外,为了监测产生霉菌毒素的真菌,建立了针对镰刀菌和曲霉毒素生物合成途径中关键基因的多重连接依赖性探针扩增(MLPA)技术,可检测 DNA 含量小于 20 纳克的真菌。总之,本研究报告了威尔逊(A. wilsonii)果实中微生物组的多样性和真菌污染的普遍性,同时还建立了一种快速检测致毒真菌的方法。这项工作的重点是分析和检测威尔森果实中的微生物群和真菌毒素,为研究药用产品贮藏过程中潜在的有害微生物提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Fungal communities in three root herbs: Insights and implications 三种根茎草本植物中的真菌群落:见解和影响
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100587
The roots of Astragali Radix (AM), Dioscoreae Rhizome (DR), and Codonopsis Radix (CR) are frequently used in classical tonic formulations and dietary supplements. Given the extended exposure of rhizomes to complex biological environments, it is necessary to investigate the fungal composition of their surface. In this study, the fungal communities in the three root herbs were analyzed by DNA metabarcoding, and an extensive comparison of the fungal diversity at each taxonomic level was carried out. Furthermore, we examined the effects of species, collection site, and processing method on the fungal community. In Astragali Radix and Codonopsis Radix samples, Cladosporium was the predominant genus, with relative abundances of 1.98 %-76.81 % and 1.69 %-85.59 %, respectively. Aspergillus (0.08 %–99.92 %) was the prevailing genus in Dioscoreae Rhizome samples. Meanwhile, a total of 12 potential toxigenic fungi were identified, including Aspergillus restrictus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium citrinum. Moreover, the variations in fungal diversity and community composition from different collection sites and processing approaches were observed. Linear discriminant analysis effect size indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of genera among the three root herbs. Gibberella and Mucor genera were significantly enriched in Astragali Radix samples, while Yarrowia and Cladosporium genera exhibited significant enrichment in Dioscoreae Rhizome and Codonopsis Radix samples, respectively (p≤0.001). This study presents novel insights into the fungal profiles of three root herbs, thereby providing references for their safe utilization and quality improvement.
黄芪(AM)、薯蓣(DR)和党参(CR)的根茎经常被用于传统滋补配方和膳食补充剂中。由于根茎长期暴露在复杂的生物环境中,因此有必要研究其表面的真菌组成。在本研究中,我们通过 DNA 代谢编码分析了三种根茎药材中的真菌群落,并对每个分类级别的真菌多样性进行了广泛比较。此外,我们还研究了物种、采集地点和加工方法对真菌群落的影响。在黄芪和党参样本中,担子菌是主要的真菌属,相对丰度分别为 1.98 %-76.81 % 和 1.69 %-85.59 %。曲霉属(0.08 %-99.92 %)是薯蓣根茎样本中的主要菌属。同时,共鉴定出 12 种潜在的致毒真菌,包括限制曲霉、氧孢镰刀菌和柠檬青霉。此外,还观察到不同采集地点和处理方法的真菌多样性和群落组成存在差异。线性判别分析效应大小表明,三种根茎类药材的菌属相对丰度存在显著差异。Gibberella 属和 Mucor 属在黄芪样品中明显富集,而 Yarrowia 属和 Cladosporium 属分别在薯蓣根茎和党参样品中明显富集(p≤0.001)。本研究对三种根茎类药材的真菌特征提出了新的见解,从而为其安全利用和质量改进提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenolics from Schrebera swietenioides Roxb.: An optimization using response surface methodology 超声波辅助提取 Schrebera swietenioides Roxb.
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100585
Schrebera swietenioides Roxb is an important medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases by the indigenous communities. However, this plant is still underexplored in the modern scientific era. Specifically, the leaves of the plant are reported to contain various medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity. Herewith, the present work demonstrates and optimizes the extraction process usingan ultrasonic system and comopared the results with conventional extraction methods. Optimization was performed by combining first and second-order polynomial designs at different levels using Plackett-Burman and Central-Composite designs. A total of 31 experiments were conducted at different levels, including ultrasonic power (10–40 %), solvent-to-sample ratio (20–50 mL/g), solvent concentration (50–80 %), and HCl normality (0.2–1 N). The findings of the study suggest a significant (p<0.05) influence of extraction parameters on the extraction yield of the response variables, including total phenol (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total tannin (TTC), and the antioxidants activity. Further, the predicted values demonstrated good agreement with the experimental values, exhibiting a high (R2>95%) coefficient of determination and a non-significant lack of fit. At the optimized condition, the experimental values of TPC, TFC, TTC and antioxidants (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) activity were found near the model predicted values. The HPLC-PDA analysis identified ten polyphenolic compounds, among which rutin hydrate (12.991±0.003 mg/g DW), followed by phloridzin (6.660±0.001 mg/g DW), and chlorogenic acid (3.380±0.008 mg/g DW) were the most prominent compounds. Furthermore, the optimized extract showed effective antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus species. In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that the proposed optimization strategy can be utilized to enhance the yield of polyphenolics from the target species with possibility of its application in therapeutics values.
Schrebera swietenioides Roxb 是一种重要的药用植物,被土著社区用于治疗各种疾病。然而,现代科学对这种植物的研究仍然不足。特别是,据报道该植物的叶子含有多种药用特性,如抗氧化、抗菌、消炎和解热活性。本研究利用超声波系统展示并优化了萃取过程,并将结果与传统萃取方法进行了比较。优化方法是使用普拉克特-伯曼(Plackett-Burman)设计和中央-复合设计,在不同水平上结合一阶和二阶多项式设计。共进行了 31 次不同水平的实验,包括超声波功率(10-40%)、溶剂与样品比(20-50 mL/g)、溶剂浓度(50-80%)和盐酸常态(0.2-1 N)。研究结果表明,萃取参数对总酚(TPC)、总黄酮(TFC)、总单宁(TTC)和抗氧化剂活性等响应变量的萃取率有显著影响(p<0.05)。此外,预测值与实验值显示出良好的一致性,显示出较高的决定系数(R2>95%)和非显著的不拟合。在优化条件下,TPC、TFC、TTC 和抗氧化剂(DPPH、ABTS、FRAP)活性的实验值接近模型预测值。HPLC-PDA 分析鉴定出 10 种多酚化合物,其中最主要的化合物是芦丁水合物(12.991±0.003 mg/g DW),其次是叶绿素(6.660±0.001 mg/g DW)和绿原酸(3.380±0.008 mg/g DW)。此外,优化后的提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有有效的抗菌活性。总之,所获得的结果表明,所提出的优化策略可用于提高目标物种多酚的产量,并有可能将其应用于治疗价值中。
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引用次数: 0
Dormancy-break and germination of buried milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) seeds 埋藏的奶蓟草(Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100581
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a medicinal/oil crop plant that produces dormant seeds at maturity. Seeds are released before harvest into the soil seed bank and hence can cause weed control problems in agricultural ecosystems. So far, information on dynamic changes of dormancy state, viability and persistence of milk thistle seeds in the soil seed bank is lacking. Accordingly, in this study the effects of ex-situ (dry in laboratory) and in-situ (buried in soil) storage conditions on dormancy-break and germination were investigated. Freshly harvested (FH) seeds were tested for germination at constant temperature ranging from 5 to 35 °C under both light/dark and dark conditions with or without GA3. Also, FH seeds were buried in June 2019 at depths of 5, 10, and 20 cm in a field and exhumed after 2–12 months of burial and assessed for germination. FH seeds did not germinate at any test conditions, but GA3 and after-ripening in dry storage increased germination, indicating that seeds have non-deep physiological dormancy (PD). With increased dry after-ripening, the ceiling temperature for germination (30 °C) did not change but the base temperature for germination decreased to 5 °C, i.e, seeds exhibited type 2 non-deep PD. Increased seed burial depth increased the length of the in situ after ripening period necessary for complete dormancy alleviation. Furthermore, persistence of seeds in the soil was affected by burial depth. Seeds buried at 5 cm had a transient seed bank and those at 10 and 20 cm a persistent seed bank.
奶蓟草(Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.)是一种药用/油料作物,成熟时会结出休眠种子。种子在收获前会释放到土壤种子库中,因此会造成农业生态系统中的杂草控制问题。迄今为止,有关奶蓟草种子在土壤种子库中休眠状态的动态变化、存活率和持久性的信息还很缺乏。因此,本研究调查了原地(在实验室干燥)和原地(埋在土壤中)储存条件对休眠打破和发芽的影响。在 5 至 35 ° C 的恒温条件下,对新鲜收获的种子(FH)进行了发芽率测试,测试条件包括光照/黑暗和黑暗条件下添加或不添加 GA3。此外,还于2019年6月在田间以5、10和20厘米的深度掩埋了FH种子,并在掩埋2-12个月后挖出种子,评估其发芽情况。在任何试验条件下,FH 种子都不萌发,但 GA3 和干藏后熟提高了萌发率,表明种子具有非深度生理休眠(PD)。随着干藏后熟期的增加,种子萌发的最高温度(30 °C)没有变化,但萌发的最低温度下降到 5 °C,即种子表现出 2 型非深度生理休眠。增加种子埋藏深度可延长完全解除休眠所需的原地后熟期。此外,种子在土壤中的持久性也受埋藏深度的影响。埋藏在 5 厘米处的种子具有短暂的种子库,而埋藏在 10 厘米和 20 厘米处的种子则具有持久的种子库。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a method for the simultaneous estimation of terpinene-4-ol and 1,8-cineole in Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel and Rosmarinus officinalis L. oil using HPTLC coupled with a QbD approach 利用 HPTLC 和 QbD 方法开发并验证同时估算 Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel 和 Rosmarinus officinalis L. 油中 terpinene-4-ol 和 1,8-cineole 的方法
IF 3.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100584
This paper comprehends a Quality by design (QbD) approach for development of a simple and precise HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) method for simultaneous estimation of the phytoconstituents terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole found in Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary oil) respectively. The method was optimized by Design expert software using response surface methodology. The chromatographic condition optimized by using software was, mobile phase as hexane: ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid in the ratio of 8.5:1.5:0.47 % v/v, stationary phase as TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 at ambient temperature conditions and saturation time 20 min at 366 nm. Optimized conditions were verified and validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) (International council for harmonization of technical requirements of pharmaceuticals for human use) guidelines. The method developed was validated for the parameters such as specificity, linearity, DL, QL, accuracy and precision. This method was then applied for simultaneous estimation of terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole in Melaleuca alternifolia (tea Tree oil) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary oil) respectively.
本文采用质量源于设计(QbD)的方法,开发了一种简单而精确的 HPTLC(高效薄层色谱法)方法,用于同时估算互生白千层(茶树油)和迷迭香(迷迭香油)中分别含有的植物成分 terpinen-4-ol 和 1,8-cineole。采用响应面方法,通过 Design expert 软件对该方法进行了优化。使用软件优化的色谱条件为:流动相为正己烷:乙酸乙酯:冰醋酸,比例为 8.5:1.5:0.47 % v/v;固定相为预涂硅胶 60 F254 的 TLC 板,条件为常温;饱和时间为 20 分钟,波长为 366 nm。根据 ICH Q2 (R1)(国际人用药品技术要求协调理事会)指南对优化条件进行了验证和确认。对所开发的方法进行了特异性、线性、DL、QL、准确度和精密度等参数的验证。然后将该方法分别用于同时测定互生白千层(茶树油)和迷迭香(迷迭香油)中的萜品烯-4-醇和 1,8-蒎烯。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
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