Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100697
Carlos J. Santacruz , Javier A. Dávila , Guillermo A. Vega
This study investigated the supercritical CO₂ extraction (SCE) of coffee oil from pasilla-type grains. The extraction process was conducted under varying conditions of pressure (P) (19.3–28.3 MPa), temperature (T) (40–60 °C), and solid–cosolvent ratio (R) (5–15 % wS/wCS), to evaluate their influence on yield, antioxidant activity (AA) and phenolic content (TPC). The AA and TPC were quantified using the DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteu methods, respectively. A direct proportional relationship was observed between both AA and TPC and the addition of the cosolvent (ethanol). The maximum AA obtained was 15.54 μmol TE/mL oil, while the highest TPC reached 6.03 mg GAE/g oil. AA and TPC were four times higher by SCE regard to Soxhlet extraction when highest tested conditions were used (Pressure of 28.3 MPa, temperature of 60 °C, and a solid–cosolvent ratio of 15 % wS/wCS). The correlation coefficients for the behavior of yield, AA and TPC regard to P, T and R were 0.9, 0.93 and 0.93, respectively. Thus, SCE of pasilla-type grains have potential applications for the recovery of bioactive compounds and its applicability as an alternative to enhance the coffee production chain contributing to circular-economy and sustainable production.
{"title":"Potential utilization of defective green coffee grains (Coffea arabica) for the recovery of high-value extracts via supercritical CO₂ extraction","authors":"Carlos J. Santacruz , Javier A. Dávila , Guillermo A. Vega","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the supercritical CO₂ extraction (SCE) of coffee oil from <em>pasilla</em>-type grains. The extraction process was conducted under varying conditions of pressure (<em>P</em>) (19.3–28.3 MPa), temperature (<em>T</em>) (40–60 °C), and solid–cosolvent ratio (<em>R</em>) (5–15 % w<sub>S</sub>/w<sub>CS</sub>), to evaluate their influence on yield, antioxidant activity (AA) and phenolic content (TPC). The AA and TPC were quantified using the DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteu methods, respectively. A direct proportional relationship was observed between both AA and TPC and the addition of the cosolvent (ethanol). The maximum AA obtained was 15.54 μmol TE/mL oil, while the highest TPC reached 6.03 mg GAE/g oil. AA and TPC were four times higher by SCE regard to Soxhlet extraction when highest tested conditions were used (Pressure of 28.3 MPa, temperature of 60 °C, and a solid–cosolvent ratio of 15 % w<sub>S</sub>/w<sub>CS</sub>). The correlation coefficients for the behavior of yield, AA and TPC regard to <em>P</em>, <em>T</em> and <em>R</em> were 0.9, 0.93 and 0.93, respectively. Thus, SCE of <em>pasilla</em>-type grains have potential applications for the recovery of bioactive compounds and its applicability as an alternative to enhance the coffee production chain contributing to circular-economy and sustainable production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100694
Jana Khaddour , Baraa Siyo , Ghaleb Tayoub
Ammi visnaga L. is a traditional aromatic medicinal plant widely recognized for its therapeutic potential, attributed to a rich profile of bioactive polyphenols and terpenes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ethanol polarity (75 % vs. 97 %) and solvent-to-plant ratios on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of fruit extracts from Syrian-grown A. visnaga using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The extraction yield significantly increased with higher solvent-to-material ratios, emphasizing the critical role of this parameter in optimizing the extraction process. GC-MS analysis revealed distinct variations in phytochemical profiles depending on solvent polarity: the 75 % ethanol extract was characterized by a high content of methyl 3,4-dimethoxymandelate (39.52 %) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (20.8 %), compounds efficiently extracted by the more polar solvent. Conversely, the 97 % ethanol extract was dominated by methylisoeugenol (53.18 %), a phenylpropanoid with documented antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective properties, alongside asarone (7.63 %), a sesquiterpene known for its sedative, antidepressant, and anticancer effects. Notably, only the 97 % ethanol extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a key pathogen implicated in acne development and skin infections, underscoring the importance of solvent polarity in maximizing extraction of bioactive metabolites. These findings provide valuable insights for targeted extraction strategies to harness the therapeutic potential of A. visnaga as a natural source for antibacterial agents and cosmeceutical applications.
{"title":"Impact of solvent polarity in ultrasound-assisted extraction on the phytochemical profile and antibacterial potential of Ammi visnaga L. fruit extracts from Syria","authors":"Jana Khaddour , Baraa Siyo , Ghaleb Tayoub","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ammi visnaga</em> L. is a traditional aromatic medicinal plant widely recognized for its therapeutic potential, attributed to a rich profile of bioactive polyphenols and terpenes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ethanol polarity (75 % vs. 97 %) and solvent-to-plant ratios on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of fruit extracts from Syrian-grown <em>A. visnaga</em> using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The extraction yield significantly increased with higher solvent-to-material ratios, emphasizing the critical role of this parameter in optimizing the extraction process. GC-MS analysis revealed distinct variations in phytochemical profiles depending on solvent polarity: the 75 % ethanol extract was characterized by a high content of methyl 3,4-dimethoxymandelate (39.52 %) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (20.8 %), compounds efficiently extracted by the more polar solvent. Conversely, the 97 % ethanol extract was dominated by methylisoeugenol (53.18 %), a phenylpropanoid with documented antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective properties, alongside asarone (7.63 %), a sesquiterpene known for its sedative, antidepressant, and anticancer effects. Notably, only the 97 % ethanol extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, a key pathogen implicated in acne development and skin infections, underscoring the importance of solvent polarity in maximizing extraction of bioactive metabolites. These findings provide valuable insights for targeted extraction strategies to harness the therapeutic potential of <em>A. visnaga</em> as a natural source for antibacterial agents and cosmeceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100695
Sanaa Ouzakar, Nadia Skali Senhaji, Abdeltif El Harsal, Jamal Abrini
Climate change poses a serious threat to the sustainability of medicinal and aromatic plants. Among the associated environmental factors, drought is a major stress factor that can alter the early stages of their development, particularly germination, which determines the future growth, survival, and productivity of these species. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the seed germination of Origanum compactum, Origanum elongatum, Origanum grosii, and Thymus capitatus under varying water stress levels (0, −0.049, −0.148, −0.295, and −0.49 MPa), imposed using different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g L−1, respectively). Seed germination kinetics were monitored throughout the experiment, and the final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination rate index (GRI) were determined. Results showed that water stress significantly delayed the germination process, reducing the FGP and GRI, and increasing the MGT for all species studied, but to varying extents. Among the examined species, O. compactum and O. elongatum exhibited greater tolerance to drought conditions, with optimal germination was observed under conditions of mild stress (-0.049 MPa). In contrast, species O. grosii and T. capitatus achieved their best germination under non-stress conditions (PEG-free control). A significant reduction in germination capacity was observed in all species tested under elevated water stress conditions (0.49 MPa). T. capitatus was the most sensitive species, as it failed entirely to germinate under these conditions. The findings of this study show the detrimental effect of water deficit on the germination of both Origanum and Thymus species, and point to interspecific variations in terms of stress tolerance. These results can serve as a valuable foundation for the development of efficient management and conservation strategies for medicinal and aromatic plants in northern Morocco, particularly in the context of the ongoing escalation of drought conditions exacerbated by climate change.
气候变化对药用和芳香植物的可持续性构成严重威胁。在相关的环境因素中，干旱是一个主要的压力因素，它可以改变它们发育的早期阶段，特别是发芽，这决定了这些物种未来的生长、生存和生产力。本研究采用不同浓度的聚乙二醇6000（分别为0、50、100、150和200 g L - 1），对不同水分胁迫水平（0、- 0.049、- 0.148、- 0.295和- 0.49 MPa）下的压缩Origanum compactuum， Origanum elongatum， Origanum grosii和胸草（Thymus capitatus）种子萌发进行了研究。在整个试验过程中监测种子萌发动力学，测定最终发芽率（FGP）、平均发芽时间（MGT）和发芽率指数（GRI）。结果表明，水分胁迫显著延缓了所有研究物种的发芽过程，降低了FGP和GRI，增加了MGT，但程度不同。结果表明，在-0.049 MPa的温和胁迫条件下，压实稻和长形稻的萌发率最高。相比之下，在非胁迫条件下（无peg对照），大叶菊和头叶菊的发芽率最高。在高水分胁迫条件下，所有品种的萌发能力均显著降低（0.49 MPa）。在这些条件下，金头藤是最敏感的物种，因为它完全不能发芽。本研究的结果表明，水分缺乏对牛头草和胸腺草的萌发都有不利影响，并指出了胁迫耐受性方面的种间差异。这些结果可以作为制定摩洛哥北部药用和芳香植物有效管理和保护战略的宝贵基础，特别是在气候变化加剧的干旱条件持续升级的背景下。
{"title":"Effects of water stress on the germination of Origanum compactum Benth, Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emb. & Maire, Origanum grosii Pau & Font Quer, and Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link.","authors":"Sanaa Ouzakar, Nadia Skali Senhaji, Abdeltif El Harsal, Jamal Abrini","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change poses a serious threat to the sustainability of medicinal and aromatic plants. Among the associated environmental factors, drought is a major stress factor that can alter the early stages of their development, particularly germination, which determines the future growth, survival, and productivity of these species. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the seed germination of <em>Origanum compactum</em>, <em>Origanum elongatum</em>, <em>Origanum grosii</em>, and <em>Thymus capitatus</em> under varying water stress levels (0, −0.049, −0.148, −0.295, and −0.49 MPa), imposed using different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). Seed germination kinetics were monitored throughout the experiment, and the final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination rate index (GRI) were determined. Results showed that water stress significantly delayed the germination process, reducing the FGP and GRI, and increasing the MGT for all species studied, but to varying extents. Among the examined species, <em>O. compactum</em> and <em>O. elongatum</em> exhibited greater tolerance to drought conditions, with optimal germination was observed under conditions of mild stress (-0.049 MPa). In contrast, species <em>O. grosii</em> and T. <em>capitatus</em> achieved their best germination under non-stress conditions (PEG-free control). A significant reduction in germination capacity was observed in all species tested under elevated water stress conditions (0.49 MPa). <em>T. capitatus</em> was the most sensitive species, as it failed entirely to germinate under these conditions. The findings of this study show the detrimental effect of water deficit on the germination of both <em>Origanum</em> and <em>Thymus</em> species, and point to interspecific variations in terms of stress tolerance. These results can serve as a valuable foundation for the development of efficient management and conservation strategies for medicinal and aromatic plants in northern Morocco, particularly in the context of the ongoing escalation of drought conditions exacerbated by climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100696
Bimal K. Chetri , Sudip Mitra , Latha Rangan
Bhutan's rich biodiversity, particularly in its southern and southeastern regions, includes a diverse array of medicinal plants integral to traditional healthcare practices. Despite their importance, fundamental genomic attributes such as nuclear DNA content (2 C values) remain largely unexplored for these species. This study employed flow cytometry (FCM) to estimate the nuclear DNA content of 89 medicinal plant species across 36 families, collected from altitudinal gradients (600–2600 masl) in Bhutan. Using optimised protocols with Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (2.66 pg) and Ricinus communis L. (1.04 pg) as internal reference standards, along with a modified propidium iodide (PI) buffer to address biochemical interference, we successfully analysed 90.8 % of samples. Nuclear DNA content varied 44.56-fold, ranging from 0.54 ± 0.01 pg (Osbeckia nutans) to 24.06 ± 0.03 pg (Solanum betaceum), with 73.3 % of species (66 of 89) representing new records in the Plant DNA C-values database, expanding the nuclear DNA content reference for medicinal plants. Variation across growth forms was evident, with trees showing the highest mean DNA content (6.79 pg) and herbs the widest range (0.65–23.33 pg), reflecting functional and evolutionary diversity. ANOVA revealed significant variation among and within families (F = 7.913, p = 4.682 × 10⁻²⁵), indicating substantial heterogeneity in genome size. Persistent challenges with mucilaginous species (e.g., Urticaceae) highlight the need for further protocol optimization. These results establish the first comprehensive nuclear DNA content reference for Bhutanese medicinal plants, providing a valuable genomic resource for taxonomy, conservation, cultivation, and bioprospecting of medicinal and aromatic plants.
{"title":"Nuclear DNA content as a genomic resource for conservation and utilization of medicinal plants in Bhutan","authors":"Bimal K. Chetri , Sudip Mitra , Latha Rangan","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2026.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bhutan's rich biodiversity, particularly in its southern and southeastern regions, includes a diverse array of medicinal plants integral to traditional healthcare practices. Despite their importance, fundamental genomic attributes such as nuclear DNA content (2 C values) remain largely unexplored for these species. This study employed flow cytometry (FCM) to estimate the nuclear DNA content of 89 medicinal plant species across 36 families, collected from altitudinal gradients (600–2600 masl) in Bhutan. Using optimised protocols with <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> (L.) Pierre (2.66 pg) and <em>Ricinus communis</em> L. (1.04 pg) as internal reference standards, along with a modified propidium iodide (PI) buffer to address biochemical interference, we successfully analysed 90.8 % of samples. Nuclear DNA content varied 44.56-fold, ranging from 0.54 ± 0.01 pg (<em>Osbeckia nutans</em>) to 24.06 ± 0.03 pg (<em>Solanum betaceum</em>), with 73.3 % of species (66 of 89) representing new records in the Plant DNA C-values database, expanding the nuclear DNA content reference for medicinal plants. Variation across growth forms was evident, with trees showing the highest mean DNA content (6.79 pg) and herbs the widest range (0.65–23.33 pg), reflecting functional and evolutionary diversity. ANOVA revealed significant variation among and within families (F = 7.913, p = 4.682 × 10⁻²⁵), indicating substantial heterogeneity in genome size. Persistent challenges with mucilaginous species (e.g., Urticaceae) highlight the need for further protocol optimization. These results establish the first comprehensive nuclear DNA content reference for Bhutanese medicinal plants, providing a valuable genomic resource for taxonomy, conservation, cultivation, and bioprospecting of medicinal and aromatic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100693
Qiaohuan Chen , Jia Zhou , Jinxin Li , Ling Gong , Yuhuan Miao , Dahui Liu
Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemal. is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible herb in China, cherished for its substantial economic value and therapeutic benefits. However, root diseases pose a severe threat to its yield stability and quality integrity. From 2019–2020, diseased plants of C. morifolium showing rot symptoms were collected from five major production regions across China. Based on detailed symptomatological observations, the root diseases were classified into three types: wilt, root rot, and southern blight. To identify the causal agents, pure fungal isolates were obtained, and pathogenicity assays were conducted to fulfill Koch’s postulates. Through phylogenetic analysis of three gene regions, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) gene, the pathogens responsible for wilt, root rot, and southern blight were determined to be Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Agroathelia rolfsii respectively. Biological characterization revealed that the o ptimal growth temperatures for Fusarium spp. and A. rolfsii were 28°C and 30°C, respectively. Additionally, prolonged light exposure and extreme pH conditions were found to inhibit pathogens growth. Fungicidal screening results indicated that environmentally friendly fungicides, such as Bacillus subtilis, ethylicin, fluorosiconazole, and difenoconazole, are promising candidates for application during C. morifolium cultivation. This study provides a scientific basis for developing effective management strategies to mitigate root diseases in C. morifolium production.
{"title":"Identification, biological characteristics, and fungicidal control of pathogens causing root diseases in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemal","authors":"Qiaohuan Chen , Jia Zhou , Jinxin Li , Ling Gong , Yuhuan Miao , Dahui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chrysanthemum morifolium</em> (Ramat.) Hemal. is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible herb in China, cherished for its substantial economic value and therapeutic benefits. However, root diseases pose a severe threat to its yield stability and quality integrity. From 2019–2020, diseased plants of <em>C</em>. <em>morifolium</em> showing rot symptoms were collected from five major production regions across China. Based on detailed symptomatological observations, the root diseases were classified into three types: wilt, root rot, and southern blight. To identify the causal agents, pure fungal isolates were obtained, and pathogenicity assays were conducted to fulfill Koch’s postulates. Through phylogenetic analysis of three gene regions, including internal transcribed spacer (<em>ITS</em>), large subunit of ribosomal DNA (<em>LSU</em>), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<em>TEF-1α</em>) gene, the pathogens responsible for wilt, root rot, and southern blight were determined to be <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>Fusarium solani</em>, and <em>Agroathelia rolfsii</em> respectively. Biological characterization revealed that the o ptimal growth temperatures for <em>Fusarium</em> spp. and <em>A. rolfsii</em> were 28°C and 30°C, respectively. Additionally, prolonged light exposure and extreme pH conditions were found to inhibit pathogens growth. Fungicidal screening results indicated that environmentally friendly fungicides, such as <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, ethylicin, fluorosiconazole, and difenoconazole, are promising candidates for application during <em>C. morifolium</em> cultivation. This study provides a scientific basis for developing effective management strategies to mitigate root diseases in <em>C. morifolium</em> production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100692
Mengyao Lu , Yangguang Dai , Shang Liu , Guohua Xia , Yuping Shen , Le Zhang , Huan Yang
Ruscogenin (25D-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β-diol; CAS No: 472–11–7), an important plant-derived natural product, exhibits significant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Traditionally, it is produced via inorganic acid hydrolysis, a process that poses serious environmental concerns. Solid acid catalysts, widely applied in hydrolysis, esterification, olefin polymerization, and other chemical transformations, offer a promising alternative to conventional acid-based methods. In this study, a novel strategy was developed by utilizing solid acid catalyst Amberlyst-15 under pressurized conditions for the first time, in which the extract of Ophiopogon japonicus root was hydrolyzed for ruscogenin production. Hydrolysis parameters were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time experiments followed by response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions - Amberlyst-15 usage of 0.48 g, hydrolysis temperature of 91°C, and reaction time of 4.5 h – the highest ruscogenin yield of 30.11 % was achieved. Importantly, a high yield maintained at 18.26 % even after seven consecutive reaction cycles of the catalyst for pressurized hydrolysis, well demonstrating its good reusability in this application. The newly established approach was environmental-friendly, offering a green and cost-effective alternative for ruscogenin production.
Ruscogenin （25D-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β-diol; CAS No: 472-11-7）是一种重要的植物源性天然产物，具有显著的抗肿瘤、抗炎和抗氧化活性。传统上，它是通过无机酸水解生产的，这一过程会造成严重的环境问题。固体酸催化剂广泛应用于水解、酯化、烯烃聚合和其他化学转化，为传统的酸基方法提供了一种有前途的替代方法。本研究首次采用固体酸催化剂Amberlyst-15，在加压条件下水解麦冬根提取物，制备了ruscogenin。采用单因素试验和响应面法优化水解参数。在用量为0.48 g，水解温度为91℃，反应时间为4.5 h的最佳条件下，可获得最高得率为30.11% %的ruscogenin。重要的是，即使在连续七个加压水解反应周期后，该催化剂的产率仍保持在18.26 %，很好地证明了其在该应用中的良好可重复使用性。新建立的方法是环境友好型的，为ruscogenin的生产提供了一种绿色和具有成本效益的替代方案。
{"title":"Ruscogenin production from Ophiopogon japonicus extract by novel pressurized hydrolysis with solid acid Amberlyst-15","authors":"Mengyao Lu , Yangguang Dai , Shang Liu , Guohua Xia , Yuping Shen , Le Zhang , Huan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ruscogenin (25D-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β-diol; CAS No: 472–11–7), an important plant-derived natural product, exhibits significant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Traditionally, it is produced via inorganic acid hydrolysis, a process that poses serious environmental concerns. Solid acid catalysts, widely applied in hydrolysis, esterification, olefin polymerization, and other chemical transformations, offer a promising alternative to conventional acid-based methods. In this study, a novel strategy was developed by utilizing solid acid catalyst Amberlyst-15 under pressurized conditions for the first time, in which the extract of <em>Ophiopogon japonicus</em> root was hydrolyzed for ruscogenin production. Hydrolysis parameters were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time experiments followed by response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions - Amberlyst-15 usage of 0.48 g, hydrolysis temperature of 91°C, and reaction time of 4.5 h – the highest ruscogenin yield of 30.11 % was achieved. Importantly, a high yield maintained at 18.26 % even after seven consecutive reaction cycles of the catalyst for pressurized hydrolysis, well demonstrating its good reusability in this application. The newly established approach was environmental-friendly, offering a green and cost-effective alternative for ruscogenin production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rheum officinale Baill. is a key species in traditional Chinese medicine, valued for its significant medicinal properties and economic importance. Rhizome enlargement plays a critical role in the accumulation of bioactive compounds. In this study, we conducted integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergent development of the primary rhizome axis (PR) and branching rhizomes (BR). A total of 1220 DAMs were identified between PR and BR, including 276 organic acids and 195 amino acids and their derivatives. These DAMs were significantly enriched in tryptophan metabolism and other key metabolic pathways. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 36,204 DEGs, comprising 21,198 upregulated and 29,984 downregulated genes in PR, with significant enrichment in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism pathways. A total of 2901 TFs were annotated, among which the bZIP family was the most abundant. Notably, 227 TFs exhibited differential expressions, with the AP2/ERF-ERF subfamily being the most represented. Moreover, genes involved in hormone signaling, including TIR1, GH3, AHP, and A-ARR, were significantly downregulated in BR, suggesting their potential roles in promoting branching rhizome enlargement. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the transcriptional and metabolic regulation of rhizome differentiation in R. officinale and offer practical implications for post-harvest utilization: PR, due to their intact morphology, are more suitable for fresh slicing and industrial processing, whereas BR, with more complex structures and enriched metabolite profiles, may be better suited for pharmacological and functional applications.
{"title":"Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal divergent developmental in primary rhizome axis and branching rhizomes of Rheum officinale Baill.","authors":"Xiuzhi Wang, Jiaqi Wu, Xiaolin Wan, Tianrun Zhu, Qiang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rheum officinale</em> Baill<em>.</em> is a key species in traditional Chinese medicine, valued for its significant medicinal properties and economic importance. Rhizome enlargement plays a critical role in the accumulation of bioactive compounds. In this study, we conducted integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergent development of the primary rhizome axis (PR) and branching rhizomes (BR). A total of 1220 DAMs were identified between PR and BR, including 276 organic acids and 195 amino acids and their derivatives. These DAMs were significantly enriched in tryptophan metabolism and other key metabolic pathways. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 36,204 DEGs, comprising 21,198 upregulated and 29,984 downregulated genes in PR, with significant enrichment in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism pathways. A total of 2901 TFs were annotated, among which the bZIP family was the most abundant. Notably, 227 TFs exhibited differential expressions, with the AP2/ERF-ERF subfamily being the most represented. Moreover, genes involved in hormone signaling, including TIR1, GH3, AHP, and A-ARR, were significantly downregulated in BR, suggesting their potential roles in promoting branching rhizome enlargement. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the transcriptional and metabolic regulation of rhizome differentiation in <em>R. officinale</em> and offer practical implications for post-harvest utilization: PR, due to their intact morphology, are more suitable for fresh slicing and industrial processing, whereas BR, with more complex structures and enriched metabolite profiles, may be better suited for pharmacological and functional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lavender is a valuable aromatic and medicinal plant, but its improvement is limited due to scarcity of diverse and well characterized genetic material. Therefore, assessing the genetic diversity of available germplasm is essential for developing new stable and high-yielding varieties. The study evaluated genetic diversity among 61 genotypes through integrated analysis of morphological traits evaluated at Palampur and simple sequence repeats markers. Analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all the studied morphological traits and essential oil yield. A total of 303 alleles were identified across all loci (average 13.77/locus), the most frequent, rare and common alleles were 1.04, 0.90 and 11.81, respectively. High polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.65) and genetic diversity (0.67) values were observed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant variation among groups (7 %), within groups (84 %), and within individuals (9 %). The studied genotypes were clustered into three groups for both morphological and molecular markers. STRUCTURE analysis also grouped the studies genotypes into three sub populations (K = 3). Principal component analysis revealed first three significant principal components that accounted for 72.78 % of the total variation. While, the first three principal coordinates based on SSRs accounted 20.69 % of the total genetic variance. The study suggests that integrated morpho-molecular approaches can effectively guide parental selection and trait mapping in future lavender breeding programs.
{"title":"Integrative assessment of morphological and SSR based molecular diversity patterns in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)","authors":"Pratibha Pandey , Hari Sharan , Shubham Verma , Navjot Kaur , Ramesh Chauhan , Sanatsujat Singh , Satbeer Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lavender is a valuable aromatic and medicinal plant, but its improvement is limited due to scarcity of diverse and well characterized genetic material. Therefore, assessing the genetic diversity of available germplasm is essential for developing new stable and high-yielding varieties. The study evaluated genetic diversity among 61 genotypes through integrated analysis of morphological traits evaluated at Palampur and simple sequence repeats markers. Analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all the studied morphological traits and essential oil yield. A total of 303 alleles were identified across all loci (average 13.77/locus), the most frequent, rare and common alleles were 1.04, 0.90 and 11.81, respectively. High polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.65) and genetic diversity (0.67) values were observed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant variation among groups (7 %), within groups (84 %), and within individuals (9 %). The studied genotypes were clustered into three groups for both morphological and molecular markers. STRUCTURE analysis also grouped the studies genotypes into three sub populations (K = 3). Principal component analysis revealed first three significant principal components that accounted for 72.78 % of the total variation. While, the first three principal coordinates based on SSRs accounted 20.69 % of the total genetic variance. The study suggests that integrated morpho-molecular approaches can effectively guide parental selection and trait mapping in future lavender breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100689
Sujing He , Jiangna Wang , Ning Yang , Hongwei Li , Kunqian Li , Lin Li , Wei’e Wen , Tingting Luo , Juanjuan Zhao , Delin Xu
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are the primary source of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants, whose biosynthesis is profoundly influenced by environmental stresses. While the induction of PSMs by abiotic and biotic stressors is well-documented, a systematic synthesis of the underlying molecular orchestrators—spanning signal perception, transduction, and transcriptional regulation—remains less explored in an applied context. This review comprehensively delineates the impact of diverse stresses on the accumulation of major PSMs and elucidates the intricate signaling networks they activate. We critically evaluate the molecular machineries, from phytohormone signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to key transcription factors and structural genes, that collectively reprogram metabolic pathways to enhance the production of valuable compounds. A central novelty of this work lies in its forward-looking perspective, which bridges fundamental mechanistic understanding with applied metabolic engineering strategies. We specifically highlight how emerging approaches-such as targeted elicitation, CRISPR-based genome editing, and the engineering of stress signaling components-can be harnessed to rationally enhance PSM yields in medicinal and aromatic plants. Ultimately, this review provides a strategic framework for leveraging plant stress responses to develop robust, high-yielding production platforms for plant-derived pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.
{"title":"Regulatory mechanisms underlying stress-induced accumulation of plant secondary metabolites","authors":"Sujing He , Jiangna Wang , Ning Yang , Hongwei Li , Kunqian Li , Lin Li , Wei’e Wen , Tingting Luo , Juanjuan Zhao , Delin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are the primary source of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants, whose biosynthesis is profoundly influenced by environmental stresses. While the induction of PSMs by abiotic and biotic stressors is well-documented, a systematic synthesis of the underlying molecular orchestrators—spanning signal perception, transduction, and transcriptional regulation—remains less explored in an applied context. This review comprehensively delineates the impact of diverse stresses on the accumulation of major PSMs and elucidates the intricate signaling networks they activate. We critically evaluate the molecular machineries, from phytohormone signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to key transcription factors and structural genes, that collectively reprogram metabolic pathways to enhance the production of valuable compounds. A central novelty of this work lies in its forward-looking perspective, which bridges fundamental mechanistic understanding with applied metabolic engineering strategies. We specifically highlight how emerging approaches-such as targeted elicitation, CRISPR-based genome editing, and the engineering of stress signaling components-can be harnessed to rationally enhance PSM yields in medicinal and aromatic plants. Ultimately, this review provides a strategic framework for leveraging plant stress responses to develop robust, high-yielding production platforms for plant-derived pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100687
Deepika Kohli , P.S. Champawat , V.D. Mudgal
Peeling is an important step in post-harvest processing of agricultural commodities. The boil, steam, lye, mechanical, and freeze-thaw peeling treatment and method for asparagus roots were investigated and compared with the manual (control) samples. Also, the effect of these selected methods on the biochemical properties was estimated. Results showed that mechanical peeling produced the highest peeling efficiency (89.87 %), peelability (80.33 %), and fully peeled roots (56.35 %) followed by steam peeling as peeling efficiency of 88.54 %, peelability of 77.77 %, and fully peeled roots as 56.20 %. Steam peeling also promoted high FRAP antioxidant activity (75.33 ± 0.09 µM Fe (II)/g dry mass). Boil peeling was found to be fastest method (4 min) and manual peeling retained the highest phenolic content (26.13 mg of GAE/g dry mass), TFC content (7.43 ± 0.02 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) and AAE total antioxidant capacity (74.19 ± 0.23 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/g). Based on the obtained similarity values after fuzzy logics analysis, the peeling easiness ranking was found to be in the descending order as lye, mechanical, boil, freeze-thaw, steam, and manual peeling.
{"title":"Evaluation of effect of post-harvest peeling treatments on peeling ease, peeling performance and biochemical composition of asparagus roots (Asparagus Racemosus L.)","authors":"Deepika Kohli , P.S. Champawat , V.D. Mudgal","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peeling is an important step in post-harvest processing of agricultural commodities. The boil, steam, lye, mechanical, and freeze-thaw peeling treatment and method for asparagus roots were investigated and compared with the manual (control) samples. Also, the effect of these selected methods on the biochemical properties was estimated. Results showed that mechanical peeling produced the highest peeling efficiency (89.87 %), peelability (80.33 %), and fully peeled roots (56.35 %) followed by steam peeling as peeling efficiency of 88.54 %, peelability of 77.77 %, and fully peeled roots as 56.20 %. Steam peeling also promoted high FRAP antioxidant activity (75.33 ± 0.09 µM Fe (II)/g dry mass). Boil peeling was found to be fastest method (4 min) and manual peeling retained the highest phenolic content (26.13 mg of GAE/g dry mass), TFC content (7.43 ± 0.02 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) and AAE total antioxidant capacity (74.19 ± 0.23 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/g<strong>)</strong>. Based on the obtained similarity values after fuzzy logics analysis, the peeling easiness ranking was found to be in the descending order as lye, mechanical, boil, freeze-thaw, steam, and manual peeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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