Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Storage in Salt Caverns: Evaluation of Operation, Safety, and Potential in China

IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Engineering Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.013
Wei Liu , Xiong Zhang , Jifang Wan , Chunhe Yang , Liangliang Jiang , Zhangxin Chen , Maria Jose Jurado , Xilin Shi , Deyi Jiang , Wendong Ji , Qihang Li
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Abstract

Underground salt cavern CO2 storage (SCCS) offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO2 storage and facilitating the utilization of CO2 resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market. Its economic and operational advantages over traditional carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects make SCCS a more cost-effective and flexible option. Despite the widespread use of salt caverns for storing various substances, differences exist between SCCS and traditional salt cavern energy storage in terms of gas-tightness, carbon injection, brine extraction control, long-term carbon storage stability, and site selection criteria. These distinctions stem from the unique phase change characteristics of CO2 and the application scenarios of SCCS. Therefore, targeted and forward-looking scientific research on SCCS is imperative. This paper introduces the implementation principles and application scenarios of SCCS, emphasizing its connections with carbon emissions, carbon utilization, and renewable energy peak shaving. It delves into the operational characteristics and economic advantages of SCCS compared with other CCUS methods, and addresses associated scientific challenges. In this paper, we establish a pressure equation for carbon injection and brine extraction, that considers the phase change characteristics of CO2, and we analyze the pressure during carbon injection. By comparing the viscosities of CO2 and other gases, SCCS’s excellent sealing performance is demonstrated. Building on this, we develop a long-term stability evaluation model and associated indices, which analyze the impact of the injection speed and minimum operating pressure on stability. Field countermeasures to ensure stability are proposed. Site selection criteria for SCCS are established, preliminary salt mine sites suitable for SCCS are identified in China, and an initial estimate of achievable carbon storage scale in China is made at over 51.8–77.7 million tons, utilizing only 20%–30% volume of abandoned salt caverns. This paper addresses key scientific and engineering challenges facing SCCS and determines crucial technical parameters, such as the operating pressure, burial depth, and storage scale, and it offers essential guidance for implementing SCCS projects in China.

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在盐洞中大规模封存二氧化碳:中国的运行、安全和潜力评估
地下盐穴二氧化碳封存(SCCS)具有双重优势,既能实现广泛的二氧化碳封存,又能促进二氧化碳资源的利用,同时还有助于规范碳市场。与传统的碳捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)项目相比,SCCS 在经济和运营方面的优势使其成为更具成本效益和灵活性的选择。尽管盐穴被广泛用于储存各种物质,但 SCCS 与传统的盐穴储能在气密性、碳注入、卤水提取控制、长期碳储存稳定性和选址标准等方面仍存在差异。这些区别源于二氧化碳独特的相变特性和 SCCS 的应用场景。因此,有针对性和前瞻性的 SCCS 科学研究势在必行。本文介绍了 SCCS 的实施原理和应用场景,强调了其与碳排放、碳利用和可再生能源调峰的联系。本文深入探讨了 SCCS 与其他 CCUS 方法相比的运行特点和经济优势,并探讨了相关的科学挑战。本文建立了考虑二氧化碳相变特性的注碳和提取盐水的压力方程,并分析了注碳过程中的压力。通过比较二氧化碳和其他气体的粘度,证明了 SCCS 的出色密封性能。在此基础上,我们开发了长期稳定性评估模型和相关指数,分析了注入速度和最低工作压力对稳定性的影响。提出了确保稳定性的现场对策。建立了 SCCS 的选址标准,初步确定了中国适合 SCCS 的盐矿选址,并初步估算了中国可实现的碳封存规模,即仅利用 20%-30% 的废弃盐穴,就可封存超过 5180-77700 万吨的碳。本文探讨了 SCCS 所面临的关键科学和工程挑战,确定了运行压力、埋深和封存规模等关键技术参数,为在中国实施 SCCS 项目提供了重要指导。
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来源期刊
Engineering
Engineering Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
自引率
1.60%
发文量
335
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: Engineering, an international open-access journal initiated by the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) in 2015, serves as a distinguished platform for disseminating cutting-edge advancements in engineering R&D, sharing major research outputs, and highlighting key achievements worldwide. The journal's objectives encompass reporting progress in engineering science, fostering discussions on hot topics, addressing areas of interest, challenges, and prospects in engineering development, while considering human and environmental well-being and ethics in engineering. It aims to inspire breakthroughs and innovations with profound economic and social significance, propelling them to advanced international standards and transforming them into a new productive force. Ultimately, this endeavor seeks to bring about positive changes globally, benefit humanity, and shape a new future.
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