Exploring the Nutritional-Nutraceutical Composition and Phytochemical Potential of Garlic Agents in Preclinical and Clinical Studies With a Focus on Drug Likeness

Abstract

Introduction

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is famous for its diverse nutritional and medicinal properties. This study thoroughly explored the nutritional-nutraceutical composition of garlic, assessed its phytochemical potential, and evaluated its drug likeness through a comprehensive literature search.

Methods

Through an extensive literature review, we compiled data on garlic's nutritional and nutraceutical composition, highlighting key compounds such as allicin, diallyl sulphides, and other phytochemicals. We also reviewed preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on antioxidant activity, antimicrobial properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and anticancer potential. Furthermore, we assessed the drug likeness of garlic phytochemicals. Remarkably, no prior systematic review has comprehensively covered these aspects of garlic despite its extensive research history.

Results

Garlic has emerged as a nutritional powerhouse that contains abundant essential nutrients and a diverse range of bioactive phytochemicals. Preclinical investigations revealed the potential of garlic to combat oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal cell growth, indicating its potential for treating cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Clinical trials further substantiated the positive impact of garlic on lipid profiles, blood pressure regulation, immune enhancement, and cancer risk reduction. Notably, garlic-derived compounds displayed drug-like characteristics according to established criteria, suggesting their suitability for pharmaceutical development and optimisation.

Conclusions

This all-encompassing study underscores the importance of continuing research to unlock garlic's therapeutic potential for the enhancement and development of novel pharmaceutical agents. The nutritional richness and multifaceted medicinal properties of garlic, combined with the drug-likeness of its phytochemicals, offer a compelling case for further exploration and application in the realm of health improvement.