Efficacy of incisional negative pressure wound therapy in reducing groin wound complications following vascular reconstructive procedures: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background : Surgical site adverse events (SSAEs) following vascular reconstructive procedures, particularly in the groin area, present significant challenges, impacting patient outcomes, and healthcare costs. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of closed incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (CINPT) in reducing groin wound complications compared with standard dressings. Patients and Methods: Patients undergoing lower limb vascular procedures involving groin incisions were enrolled and randomized into two groups: CINPT or standard dressings. Baseline characteristics were recorded, and wound assessments were conducted at 5, 10–14, and 30 days postoperatively, utilizing the Szilagyi classification for wound grading. The primary outcome was the occurrence of any groin wound complication within 30 days. Results: Among 62 patients (70 groins), CINPT significantly reduced the incidence of groin wound complications compared with standard dressings (5.26% vs. 28.13%, P=0.022 ). Revision surgeries were less frequent in the CINPT group, though not statistically significant. CINPT was associated with a shorter hospital stay (5.86±2.49 days vs. 8.74±5.90 days, P=0.0096 ). Subgroup analysis revealed significant benefits of CINPT in patients over 50 years, diabetics, smokers, and those with elevated inflammatory markers. Conclusion: CINPT offers a promising strategy for mitigating groin wound complications following vascular procedures, enhancing patient outcomes, and potentially reducing healthcare costs.