Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) impending therapeutic target for the management of cancer: The giant rats tail

Abstract

The Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), tumor suppressor gene which is the major component of histone H3K4 mono-methyltransferase in mammals and has significant role in regulation of a gene which are frequently mutated that lead to many different types of cancers that includenon-Hodgkin lymphoma, medulloblastoma, prostate carcinoma, renal carcinoma, bladder carcinoma and lung carcinoma. KMT2D gene epigenetic alterations in histone methylation play a significant role for the initiation and progression of cancers from pre-cancerous lesions, yet its complete function in oncogenesis remains unsolved. KMT2D deficiency - loss are thought of initial mediators of cancer development and cell migration such as B‐cell lymphoma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, pancreas and lung cancer. The KMT2D loss has know to activate glycolytic genes that promote aggressive tumor progression. Therefore, the present review serves to underline the update on recent research pertaining toKMT2D gene, that could be a potential therapeutic target in down regulating glycolytic genes such as Pgk1,Ldha, Pgam1 and Gapdh; 2, tyrosine kinases EGFR - ERBB2, RTK-RAS signaling, Ras activator genes Rgl1, Rasgrp1, Rasgrf1, Rasgrf2 and Rapgef5 in suppressing the tumor progression that may represent novel targeted therapy for the management of cancer. This review will facilitate to understand the gene expression that inhibits cancer progression and which could serve as a potential molecular target in understanding cancer pathogenesis.