Strategic Advancements in Rice Cultivation: Combating Heat Stress through Genetic Innovation and Sustainable Practices—A Review

Stresses Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.3390/stresses4030030
Pretty Mthiyane, Murat Aycan, Toshiaki Mitsui
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Abstract

Rice is one of the most important staple foods globally, sustaining over half of the world’s population. However, the sustainability of grain production is increasingly threatened by heat stress, which is intensified by global climate change. Heat stress, characterized by temperatures exceeding crop-specific optimal growth thresholds, significantly impacts the rice yield and quality, particularly during critical reproductive stages. This review synthesizes current research on strategies to mitigate heat stress in rice through genetic and agronomic approaches. It highlights the implementation of advanced genetic tools such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) to accelerate the breeding of heat-tolerant rice varieties. Additionally, it discusses sustainable agronomic practices, including adjusting planting dates, optimizing water management, and crop rotation, which enhance resilience to heat stress. The objective of this review is to bridge the gap between research findings and practical agricultural applications, providing a comprehensive resource that guides future research directions and informs policy interventions. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating genetic innovations with traditional and modern farming practices to develop rice varieties that can withstand the adverse effects of heat stress, ensuring food security and agricultural sustainability in the face of climatic challenges.
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水稻种植的战略进展:通过基因创新和可持续实践应对热胁迫--综述
水稻是全球最重要的主食之一,养活着全球一半以上的人口。然而,粮食生产的可持续性正日益受到热胁迫的威胁,而全球气候变化又加剧了这种威胁。热胁迫的特点是温度超过作物特定的最佳生长阈值,严重影响水稻的产量和质量,尤其是在关键的生育阶段。本综述综述了当前通过遗传学和农艺学方法减轻水稻热胁迫的战略研究。它强调了先进遗传工具的应用,如标记辅助选择(MAS)和基因组选择(GS),以加快耐热水稻品种的培育。此外,本综述还讨论了可持续农艺实践,包括调整播种日期、优化水分管理和轮作,以增强对热胁迫的适应能力。本综述旨在弥合研究成果与实际农业应用之间的差距,为指导未来研究方向和政策干预提供全面的资源。本综述强调,必须将基因创新与传统和现代农业实践相结合,开发出能够抵御热胁迫不利影响的水稻品种,从而在气候挑战面前确保粮食安全和农业可持续性。
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