The effects of ZnO-insulin nanoparticles on some oxidative stress biochemical and physiological markers in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on nanomaterials, particularly in the realm of medical applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely recognized as a significant class of oxides of metals due to their inherent structural stability, little toxic effects, and ability to maintain cellular integrity. One of the most important medicinal uses of zinc oxide is medication administration. Twenty-four male albinos’ rats were randomly separated into four groups. Control group, diabetic group, diabetic group treated with insulin, and diabetic group treated with ZnO NPs loaded with insulin. The rats were given medication for 28 days. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats with blood sugar levels more than 250 mg/dL by administering alloxan intraperitoneally at a dose of 120 mg/kg. The nanoparticles' physicochemical properties were investigated using a variety of analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectral analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The data revealed significant increases in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and total oxidative stress (TOS) as well as a notable decrease in body weight and catalase levels, in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control group (P< 0.05). Compared to control groups, ZnO NPs loaded with insulin lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and TOS on the other hand increase body weight and catalase levels. The results of our study indicate that the use of photo-synthesized ZnO-NPs in combination with insulin showed noteworthy antidiabetic benefits when compared to the control groups.