Physical forces drive C. elegans embryonic deformation

IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q2 MECHANICS International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2024.104833
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Abstract

The abnormal development of embryos is closely linked to abnormal cell division and elongation, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The embryonic development of C elegans embryo is different because it occurs without cell proliferation or cell rearrangement. Here, we focus on a spectacular 4-fold elongation that is achieved approximately 3 h before the egg shell hatches and results from active filament networks. The body shape is represented by an inhomogeneous cylinder, which allows us to assess the active stresses induced by the actomyosin network located in the cortex and the muscles in ventral position near the epidermis. By considering the specific embryo configuration, we can quantitatively obtain the contractile forces induced by actomyosin filaments and muscles for a bending torsion event with defined curvature. We find that the active stress induced by actomyosin molecular motors or muscles increases with elongation and bending curvature, while also varying with radius. Both elongation and torsional deformation contribute to increased moment magnitudes that explain the dynamics of the embryo in the egg. Our results highlight the complex interplay between biomechanical factors in modulating embryonic deformation.

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物理力量驱动秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎变形
胚胎的异常发育与细胞的异常分裂和伸长密切相关,但其基本机制仍有待阐明。胚胎的胚胎发育与众不同,因为它是在没有细胞增殖或细胞重排的情况下发生的。在这里,我们将重点研究卵壳孵化前约 3 小时,由活跃的丝状网络导致的惊人的 4 倍伸长。胚胎的体形是一个不均匀的圆柱体,这使我们能够评估位于皮层的肌动蛋白网络和位于表皮附近腹侧位置的肌肉所引起的主动应力。通过考虑特定的胚胎构造,我们可以定量地获得肌动蛋白丝和肌肉在具有确定曲率的弯曲扭转事件中诱发的收缩力。我们发现,肌动蛋白分子马达或肌肉诱导的主动应力随伸长和弯曲曲率的增加而增加,同时也随半径的变化而变化。伸长和扭转变形都有助于增加力矩幅度,从而解释了卵中胚胎的动态。我们的研究结果突显了生物力学因素在调节胚胎变形过程中复杂的相互作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
9.40%
发文量
192
审稿时长
67 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics provides a specific medium for dissemination of high-quality research results in the various areas of theoretical, applied, and experimental mechanics of solids, fluids, structures, and systems where the phenomena are inherently non-linear. The journal brings together original results in non-linear problems in elasticity, plasticity, dynamics, vibrations, wave-propagation, rheology, fluid-structure interaction systems, stability, biomechanics, micro- and nano-structures, materials, metamaterials, and in other diverse areas. Papers may be analytical, computational or experimental in nature. Treatments of non-linear differential equations wherein solutions and properties of solutions are emphasized but physical aspects are not adequately relevant, will not be considered for possible publication. Both deterministic and stochastic approaches are fostered. Contributions pertaining to both established and emerging fields are encouraged.
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