Assessing four decades of fire behavior dynamics in the Cerrado biome (1985 to 2022)

IF 3.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Fire Ecology Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI:10.1186/s42408-024-00298-4
Vera Laísa da Silva Arruda, Ane Auxiliadora Costa Alencar, Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior, Fernanda de Figueiredo Ribeiro, Filipe Viegas de Arruda, Dhemerson Estevão Conciani, Wallace Vieira da Silva, Julia Zanin Shimbo
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Abstract

Fire significantly transforms ecology and landscapes worldwide, impacting carbon cycling, species interactions, and ecosystem functions. In the Brazilian Cerrado, a fire-dependent savanna, the interaction between fire, society, and the environment is evident. Given that wildfires significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, our study aimed to analyze four decades of burned area data to understand changes in fire dynamics, using Collection 2 of annual MapBiomas Fire maps (1985 to 2022). Our study examined spatiotemporal patterns, fire recurrence, fire distribution across land uses, temporal changes in fire scar size, burned area variations across ecoregions, and their correlation with farming areas. From 1985 to 2022, fire impacted 40% (792,204 km2) of the Cerrado biome, with 63% burning more than once. Natural vegetation was the most affected, primarily due to human-driven ignition during the dry season. A noticeable trend of later peaks in fire activity, concentrated towards the end of the dry season, along with an increase in patch size over time, characterized a clear shift in the Cerrado fire regime. Recently, the MATOPIBA region and the northern biome exhibited significant fire clusters, with burned areas rising alongside farming expansion. The ecoregion-based analysis identified fire hotspots, with the "Bananal" ecoregion, the largest wetland area in the biome, exhibiting increased fire recurrence and larger patch size over time. Our four-decade analysis of fire dynamics in the Cerrado revealed human-induced changes in the fire regime, originally shifting from July to September to a new fire season from August to October. This shift poses several environmental threats given their overlap with the driest months of the year. This study improved our understanding of changes in fire patterns and their impacts on each ecoregion and land use. Wetlands experienced the highest relative burned area, highlighting their ecological importance and increased vulnerability. In the southern Cerrado, where farming is established and natural vegetation more fragmented, fire events tend to decrease; while in the north, with recent farming expansion, fire susceptibility rises. Conservation-oriented strategies, like the Brazilian Integrated Fire Management (MIF), are crucial for mitigating impacts while enhancing the Cerrado’s resilience to climate change.
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评估塞拉多生物群落四十年(1985 年至 2022 年)的火灾行为动态
火灾极大地改变了世界各地的生态和地貌,对碳循环、物种互动和生态系统功能产生了影响。巴西的塞拉多(Cerrado)是一种依赖火灾的热带稀树草原,火灾、社会和环境之间的相互作用显而易见。鉴于野火对温室气体排放有重大影响,我们的研究旨在利用 MapBiomas 火灾地图年度资料集 2(1985 年至 2022 年)分析四十年来的烧毁面积数据,以了解火灾动态的变化。我们的研究考察了时空模式、火灾复发率、火灾在不同土地利用中的分布、火疤大小的时间变化、不同生态区烧毁面积的变化及其与农耕区的相关性。从 1985 年到 2022 年,火灾影响了塞拉多生物群落 40% 的面积(792,204 平方公里),其中 63% 的面积被烧毁不止一次。自然植被受到的影响最大,这主要是由于在旱季人为点火造成的。一个明显的趋势是,火灾活动的高峰期较晚,集中在旱季末期,同时随着时间的推移,斑块的面积也在扩大,这是塞拉多火灾机制发生明显变化的特征。最近,马托皮巴(MATOPIBA)地区和北部生物群落出现了明显的火灾集群,农耕扩张的同时,火灾面积也在增加。基于生态区域的分析确定了火灾热点,"巴纳纳尔 "生态区域是生物群落中最大的湿地区域,随着时间的推移,火灾复发率增加,斑块面积扩大。我们对塞拉多地区火灾动态进行了长达四十年的分析,结果表明人为因素导致火灾发生率发生了变化,最初的火灾季节从七月到九月,现在则从八月到十月。由于与一年中最干旱的月份重叠,这种变化带来了一些环境威胁。这项研究加深了我们对火灾模式变化及其对各生态区和土地利用的影响的了解。湿地的相对烧毁面积最大,凸显了其生态重要性和脆弱性的增加。在南部的塞拉多地区,农耕已经确立,自然植被更加分散,火灾事件趋于减少;而在北部,随着农耕的扩展,火灾易发性上升。以保护为导向的战略,如巴西综合火灾管理(MIF),对于减轻影响,同时增强塞拉多对气候变化的适应能力至关重要。
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来源期刊
Fire Ecology
Fire Ecology ECOLOGY-FORESTRY
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
7.80%
发文量
24
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Fire Ecology is the international scientific journal supported by the Association for Fire Ecology. Fire Ecology publishes peer-reviewed articles on all ecological and management aspects relating to wildland fire. We welcome submissions on topics that include a broad range of research on the ecological relationships of fire to its environment, including, but not limited to: Ecology (physical and biological fire effects, fire regimes, etc.) Social science (geography, sociology, anthropology, etc.) Fuel Fire science and modeling Planning and risk management Law and policy Fire management Inter- or cross-disciplinary fire-related topics Technology transfer products.
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