Forest structural complexity and ignition pattern influence simulated prescribed fire effects

IF 3.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Fire Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1186/s42408-024-00314-7
Sophie R. Bonner, Chad M. Hoffman, Rodman R. Linn, Wade T. Tinkham, Adam L. Atchley, Carolyn H. Sieg, J. Morgan Varner, Joseph J. O’Brien, J. Kevin Hiers
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Abstract

Forest structural characteristics, the burning environment, and the choice of ignition pattern each influence prescribed fire behaviors and resulting fire effects; however, few studies examine the influences and interactions of these factors. Understanding how interactions among these drivers can influence prescribed fire behavior and effects is crucial for executing prescribed fires that can safely and effectively meet management objectives. To analyze the interactions between the fuels complex and ignition patterns, we used FIRETEC, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics fire behavior model, to simulate fire behavior and effects across a range of horizontal and vertical forest structural complexities. For each forest structure, we then simulated three different prescribed fires each with a unique ignition pattern: strip-head, dot, and alternating dot. Forest structural complexity and ignition pattern affected the proportions of simulated crown scorch, consumption, and damage for prescribed fires in a dry, fire-prone ecosystem. Prescribed fires in forests with complex canopy structures resulted in increased crown consumption, scorch, and damage compared to less spatially complex forests. The choice of using a strip-head ignition pattern over either a dot or alternating-dot pattern increased the degree of crown foliage scorched and damaged, though did not affect the proportion of crown consumed. We found no evidence of an interaction between forest structural complexity and ignition pattern on canopy fuel consumption, scorch, or damage. We found that forest structure and ignition pattern, two powerful drivers of fire behavior that forest managers can readily account for or even manipulate, can be leveraged to influence fire behavior and the resultant fire effects of prescribed fire. These simulation findings have critical implications for how managers can plan and perform forest thinning and prescribed burn treatments to meet risk management or ecological objectives.
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森林结构的复杂性和点火模式对模拟明火效果的影响
森林结构特征、燃烧环境和点火方式的选择都会影响规定火种的行为和火灾效果;然而,很少有研究对这些因素的影响和相互作用进行研究。了解这些驱动因素之间的相互作用如何影响规定用火的行为和效果,对于安全有效地实施规定用火以实现管理目标至关重要。为了分析燃料复合体与点火模式之间的相互作用,我们使用三维计算流体动力学火灾行为模型 FIRETEC 来模拟一系列水平和垂直森林结构复杂性的火灾行为和影响。针对每种森林结构,我们模拟了三种不同的规定火灾,每种火灾都有独特的点火模式:条状火头、点状火头和交替点状火头。森林结构的复杂性和点火模式影响了在干燥、易发生火灾的生态系统中模拟的树冠烧焦、消耗和破坏的比例。与空间结构不太复杂的森林相比,在树冠结构复杂的森林中点火会增加树冠的消耗、烧焦和损害。选择条状火头点火模式而不是点状或交替点火模式会增加树冠叶片烧焦和受损的程度,但不会影响树冠消耗的比例。我们没有发现森林结构的复杂性和点火方式对树冠燃料消耗、焦烧或损害有相互作用的证据。我们发现,森林结构和点火模式是火灾行为的两个强大驱动因素,森林管理者可以很容易地加以考虑甚至操纵,它们可以被用来影响火灾行为和处方火的火灾效应。这些模拟结果对管理者如何规划和执行森林疏伐和规定火烧处理以实现风险管理或生态目标具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
Fire Ecology
Fire Ecology ECOLOGY-FORESTRY
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
7.80%
发文量
24
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Fire Ecology is the international scientific journal supported by the Association for Fire Ecology. Fire Ecology publishes peer-reviewed articles on all ecological and management aspects relating to wildland fire. We welcome submissions on topics that include a broad range of research on the ecological relationships of fire to its environment, including, but not limited to: Ecology (physical and biological fire effects, fire regimes, etc.) Social science (geography, sociology, anthropology, etc.) Fuel Fire science and modeling Planning and risk management Law and policy Fire management Inter- or cross-disciplinary fire-related topics Technology transfer products.
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