Late gadolinium enhancement in early repolarization syndrome

Abstract

Background

In patients with Brugada syndrome, myocardial fibrosis can be identified through epicardial biopsy or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). However, the myocardial alterations in patients with early repolarization syndrome (ERS) remain poorly elucidated.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of myocardial fibrosis in patients with ERS by LGE in CMR.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 20 patients with ERS, all of whom exhibited J waves in the contiguous 2 leads. The location of J waves was classified as in the septum (V₁-V₂), anterior (V₃-V₄), lateral (I, aVL, V₅-V₆), inferior (II, III, aVF), or posterior (V₇-V₉) regions. To compare the distribution of LGE on CMR imaging with J waves, sections on short-axis view of the left ventricle (LV) were categorized as located in the septum, anterior, lateral, inferior, and posterior regions.

Results

Overall, 85% of ERS patients displayed LGE, which was more prevalent in the septum and posterior regions, followed by the inferior and lateral regions. The presence or absence of J waves and LGE coincided in 61% of LV areas, whereas discordance between the distributions of J waves and LGE was observed in 38%. LGE was most frequent in the septum (75%), where its reflection in J waves may be less robust. The appearance of LGE was not associated with symptoms, electrical storm, or ventricular fibrillation occurrence during follow-up.

Conclusion

LGE is common in patients with ERS, and the distribution of J waves and LGE coincides in approximately 60% of LV areas.