Zinc oxide as a new catalyst for poly(lactic acid)/maleated polypropylene reactive blending: an approach to enhance miscibility and mechanical properties

IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Macromolecular Research Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI:10.1007/s13233-024-00302-5
Iman Nikkhah Sokhanvar, Narjes Sadat Karbalaei Ghomi, Seyed Amin Mirmohammadi, Afshar Alihosseini, Robabeh Nasirian
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Abstract

To eliminate the defects of polylactic acid (PLA), maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a toughener in the presence of a new exchange catalyst, ZnO, was applied. By keeping the amount of MAPP constant, samples with different amounts of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and studied by tensile, Izod, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), melt flow index (MFI), water droplet contact angle (WDCA), transition electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. In comparison to neat PLA, mechanical tests showed that with a slight decrease in elastic modulus and tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength values increased more than three times for the sample containing 0.125 wt.% of catalyst. DSC analysis indicated that with the catalyst present, the Tg values of both polymers became closer to one another. Additionally, the absence of cold crystallization in PLA and the reduction in Tm and crystallinity of both polymers are evident factors contributing to the best miscibility of the reactive blend. MFI evaluation displayed decrease in viscosity and WDCA measurement indicated the creation of more polar groups on the surfaces of samples containing ZnO. TEM, EDX and XRD analyses proved the appropriate distribution and dispersion of NPs within the blend matrix as well as obvious decrease in the crystallinity of the resulting alloy. All these results demonstrate the better performance of exchange (esterification and transesterification) reactions between the active groups of both polymers (with ZnO presence) and the formation of PLA–MAPP copolymers, resulting in better miscibility and mechanical properties.

Graphical abstract

Possible transesterification reactions during melt blending of PLA and MAPP.

Abstract Image

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氧化锌作为聚(乳酸)/马来酸聚丙烯反应共混的新型催化剂:提高混溶性和机械性能的方法
为了消除聚乳酸(PLA)的缺陷,应用了马来酸化聚丙烯(MAPP)作为增韧剂,并加入了新型交换催化剂 ZnO。在保持 MAPP 量不变的情况下,制备了含有不同量 ZnO 纳米粒子 (NPs) 的样品,并通过拉伸、伊佐德、差示扫描量热法 (DSC)、熔体流动指数 (MFI)、水滴接触角 (WDCA)、过渡电子显微镜 (TEM)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析进行了研究。与纯聚乳酸相比,机械测试表明,在弹性模量和拉伸强度略有下降的情况下,含有 0.125 重量百分比催化剂的样品的断裂伸长率和冲击强度值增加了三倍多。DSC 分析表明,由于催化剂的存在,两种聚合物的 Tg 值变得更加接近。此外,聚乳酸中没有冷结晶,两种聚合物的 Tm 值和结晶度都有所降低,这些都是反应共混物具有最佳相溶性的明显因素。MFI 评估显示粘度降低,WDCA 测量显示含有氧化锌的样品表面产生了更多极性基团。TEM、EDX 和 XRD 分析证明了 NPs 在混合基质中的适当分布和分散,以及所得合金结晶度的明显降低。所有这些结果表明,两种聚合物的活性基团之间的交换(酯化和酯交换)反应(ZnO 的存在)和聚乳酸-MAPP 共聚物的形成具有更好的性能,因而具有更好的混溶性和机械性能。 图解摘要聚乳酸和 MAPP 熔融混合过程中可能发生的酯交换反应。
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来源期刊
Macromolecular Research
Macromolecular Research 工程技术-高分子科学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
100
审稿时长
1.3 months
期刊介绍: Original research on all aspects of polymer science, engineering and technology, including nanotechnology Presents original research articles on all aspects of polymer science, engineering and technology Coverage extends to such topics as nanotechnology, biotechnology and information technology The English-language journal of the Polymer Society of Korea Macromolecular Research is a scientific journal published monthly by the Polymer Society of Korea. Macromolecular Research publishes original researches on all aspects of polymer science, engineering, and technology as well as new emerging technologies using polymeric materials including nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information technology in forms of Articles, Communications, Notes, Reviews, and Feature articles.
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