Macromolecular Research最新文献

Bone regeneration is essential for treating critically sized bone defects, which are challenging to restore naturally. The traditional methods like autogenous bone grafting have limitations, prompting research into alternative materials such as demineralized bone matrix (DBM). While bovine and porcine DBMs are common, they have stability and safety concerns, leading to the exploration of poultry-derived DBPs. The study aimed to fabricate scaffolds using DBPs from different poultry species and compare their effectiveness in bone regeneration. DBPs were extracted from the femurs and tibias of chickens, ducks, and Yeonsan ogolgye (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson). These DBPs were used to create sponges, which were then characterized for their physical and chemical properties. The bone marrow-derived stem cells (rBMSCs) from rabbits were seeded onto these sponges to evaluate their biocompatibility and bone regeneration potential in vitro. The sponges were porous, facilitating cell infiltration and nutrient exchange, with different compressive strengths and porosity levels based on the poultry source. The sponges supported cell proliferation, with the Yeonsan ogolgye-derived sponge (GDS) showing the highest levels of osteogenic markers, likely due to its melanin content, which enhances bone growth factors. The study found that all sponges were biocompatible, with the GDS being the most effective in promoting bone regeneration. Poultry-derived DBP sponges, especially those from Yeonsan ogolgye, are promising candidates for bone graft materials due to their favorable properties in supporting bone regeneration.

Graphic abstract

This study presents the synthesis of silica-embedded carbon nanofibers (SiO₂/eCNFs) as additives to enhance the heat dissipation properties of epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) for semiconductor packaging. Three different sized SiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared and added to the precursor solution for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. Through electrospinning and carbonization, SiO₂ nanoparticles-embedded PAN nanofibers were successfully converted to SiO₂/eCNFs. As-fabricated SiO₂/eCNFs were mixed with EMC in different concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 wt% to investigate the effect of SiO₂/eCNFs on EMC in perspective of thermal and mechanical properties. Under our experimental conditions, the addition of 500SiO₂/eCNFs with 0.4 wt% EMC achieved a 67% enhancement in thermal conductivity and a 43% higher impact strength compared to pristine EMC. The improved thermal and mechanical properties by adding SiO₂/eCNFs additives can be attributed to two factors: one-dimensional carbon and embedded SiO₂ nanoparticles. The presence of one-dimensional carbon successfully enhanced the thermal conductivity owing to its natural graphitic characteristics and dimensional advantages. In addition, the optimal size of the SiO₂ nanoparticles provided more heat dissipation routes while maintaining the packing factor compatibility with the SiO₂ fillers in the EMC. In practical EMC applications for semiconductor chips, infrared (IR) camera observations confirmed a faster increase in the surface temperature with the use of SiO₂/eCNFs-EMC, demonstrating the potential of these new EMC additives as next-generation high-performance semiconductors.

Graphical abstract

The improvement in the thermal conductivity of the chip molded in epoxy molding compound (EMC) through the addition of SiO₂-embedded carbon nanofibers (SiO₂/eCNFs) is demonstrated. The SiO₂/eCNFs-EMC molded chips exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity, attributed to the formation of heat pathways through the combination of SiO₂ and CNFs.

The antimicrobial performance of polyurethane (PU) fiber was significantly enhanced by integrating nanoparticles fabricated from polymers based on a zwitterion in polyacrylic acid grafted oleyl amine (PAA-g-OA). The PU fiber was fabricated by blending PU with colloidal nanoparticles, PAA-g-OA/zwitterion. Our findings showed a notable enhancement in antimicrobial properties of PU fibers bearing polymer NPs, increasing to 99.9% with the grafting of the zwitterion into PAA-g-OA even after a laundering process with a detergent. This improvement is primarily attributed to the bacteriostatic effect of the zwitterion, which enhances electrostatic attraction and hydration, because of the substantial difference in removing gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) compared to gram-negative bacteria (E. coli).

Graphical abstract

Antibacterial polyurethane fibers bearing nanoparticles with surface zwitterions

Carborane has been extensively researched and used in the anti-tumor sector because of its high boron content and remarkable chemical stability. Its limited water solubility, however, stems from the fact that it is a fat-soluble molecule. In this paper, firstly, the water-soluble nido-carborane potassium salt was prepared by the nucleophilic deboronation of closo-o-carborane, then rhodamine B is introduced as a fluorescent marker, and finally, four acrylic resins with different characteristics are coated to obtain L100-Rho-B, EPO-Rho-B, RL-Rho-B, and RS-Rho-B. Four kinds of borane compounds were characterized. The wavelength range of the fluorescence emission varied between 568 and 579 nm in several organic solvents. The chemicals were seen to be dispersed in long strips or stacked in sheets using transmission electron microscopy. A simulated in vitro release test demonstrated that the resin’s characteristics affected the composite’s release. The release performance of L100-Rho-B and EPO-Rho-B was superior to RL-Rho-B and RS-Rho-B, and there was a higher cumulative release amount at pH 6.5. To observe the biocompatibility of compounds with tumor cells, live cell imaging studies were conducted, and it was found that L100-Rho-B and EPO-Rho-B all have good biocompatibility.

Graphical abstract

pH-responsive acrylic resin complexe

Recent advancements in conjugated polymer-based gas sensors have highlighted the critical role of side-chain engineering in optimizing organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performance for gas detection. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how structural modifications of side chains in conjugated polymers affect the electrical properties of OFETs, as well as the sensitivity and selectivity of OFET-based gas sensors. We first explore modifications of alkyl side chains and their impact on the electrical characteristics of conjugated polymers. Then, we discuss how functionalized side chains and additives can significantly enhance sensor performance by improving detection limits and selectivity. Special attention is given to glycol-based side chains, particularly in enhancing NO₂ sensitivity, and the role of alkyl side chain length in tuning gas sensing capabilities. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationships between side chain modifications and sensor performance, offering insights for the development of advanced OFET-based gas sensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity.

Graphical abstract

We report that thin-film morphology of sol–gel zinc oxide (ZnO) and their n-doping characteristics can be controlled using polymers, enabling high-performance n-type electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs). The wrinkled surface of ZnO films was induced by dissolving an insulating polymer, for example, poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PVPh) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), into the ZnO precursor solutions, followed by drying at 210 °C. The roughness peaked when the polymer composition was 2.5 wt%. The wavelength (λ) of the wrinkling structure was varied depending on the added polymer (0.49 μm for PVPh and 0.74 μm for PHEMA). For n-doping of the ZnO films, polyethylenimine (PEI) was deposited on the composite films, followed by high-temperature annealing at 500 °C. The constituent polymers (PVPh/PHEMA and PEI) were found decomposed after the heat treatment. The resulting n-doped ZnO films showed excellent electrical characteristics when used as a channel layer in EGTs based on a solid-state ion-gel. The device has a high electron mobility of 63.7 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ when ZnO channel was made with 1.0% of PVPh in the precursor.

Graphical abstract

Thin films of sol–gel precursors of ZnO mixed with an insulating polymer form wrinkled surface during drying and become more susceptible to n-doping from a nitrogen-rich polymer by thermal annealing, enabling the mobility enhancement of ZnO in electrolyte-gated transistors.

The development of wound-dressing materials with superior therapeutic effects, controlled bioactive agent release, and optimal mechanical properties is crucial in healthcare. This study introduces innovative hydrogel films designed for the sustained release of the local anesthetic drug Procaine (PC), triggered by pH changes. These films are composed of MIL-101(Fe) particles and pectin polymers. MIL-101(Fe) was chosen for its high surface area, stability in aqueous environments, and biocompatibility, ensuring low toxicity to normal cells. MIL-101(Fe)-embedded-pectin hydrogels were synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, particle size analysis, and goniometry. Rheological analysis assessed the hydrogels’ viscoelastic behavior, and UV-spectrophotometry was utilized for drug loading and release studies. The hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning properties, enhancing shape adaptability and recovery, crucial for wound-dressing applications. Controlled drug release was achieved by maintaining the PC solution’s pH between 8.2 and 9.8 during the drug-loading step. The hydrogel film’s impact on wound healing was evaluated through an in vitro wound healing assay, and cytotoxicity was assessed using a WST-1 cell proliferation assay with human dermal fibroblast cells. Results demonstrated that pectin composites enhance cell viability and support fibroblast cell migration without adverse effects, indicating their potential for effective wound healing applications. This study highlights the potential of MIL-101(Fe)-embedded-pectin hydrogels in advancing wound care technology.

Graphical Abstract

MIL-101(Fe)-embedded pectin film as wound dressing