Macromolecular Research最新文献

We propose an efficient method for fabricating superamphiphobic surfaces with hierarchical micro/nano-structured morphologies on microhoodoo structures that exhibit high liquid impact resistance. The proposed method combines optical microscopy, photolithography, replica molding, and spray coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/silica nanoparticle (SiNP) solutions. We systematically investigate key parameters influencing the water and hexadecane repellency of these surfaces, including (i) the center-to-center distance between PDMS microhoodoo structures, (ii) the PDMS-to-SiNP mixing ratio, and (iii) the spray volume. Notably, optimizing the spray volume within a critical range improves the uniformity of the hierarchical surface texture, stabilizes the Cassie–Baxter state, and facilitates liquid bounce. This innovative approach provides valuable insights into the design of superamphiphobic surfaces, resulting in practical applications such as water- and oil-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-icing, and antifouling surfaces.

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Efficient fabrication of superamphiphobic surfaces with hierarchical micro/nano-structures on microhoodoo structures, achieved through optical microscopy, photolithography, replica molding, and spray coating of PDMS/SiNP solutions. Key factors influencing liquid repellency—such as microhoodoo spacing, PDMS/SiNP ratio, and spray volume—are systematically explored. Optimizing spray volume enhances surface texture uniformity, stabilizes the Cassie–Baxter state, and promotes liquid bounce, leading to practical applications in self-cleaning, anti-icing, and antifouling surfaces.

Bone regeneration is essential for treating critically sized bone defects, which are challenging to restore naturally. The traditional methods like autogenous bone grafting have limitations, prompting research into alternative materials such as demineralized bone matrix (DBM). While bovine and porcine DBMs are common, they have stability and safety concerns, leading to the exploration of poultry-derived DBPs. The study aimed to fabricate scaffolds using DBPs from different poultry species and compare their effectiveness in bone regeneration. DBPs were extracted from the femurs and tibias of chickens, ducks, and Yeonsan ogolgye (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson). These DBPs were used to create sponges, which were then characterized for their physical and chemical properties. The bone marrow-derived stem cells (rBMSCs) from rabbits were seeded onto these sponges to evaluate their biocompatibility and bone regeneration potential in vitro. The sponges were porous, facilitating cell infiltration and nutrient exchange, with different compressive strengths and porosity levels based on the poultry source. The sponges supported cell proliferation, with the Yeonsan ogolgye-derived sponge (GDS) showing the highest levels of osteogenic markers, likely due to its melanin content, which enhances bone growth factors. The study found that all sponges were biocompatible, with the GDS being the most effective in promoting bone regeneration. Poultry-derived DBP sponges, especially those from Yeonsan ogolgye, are promising candidates for bone graft materials due to their favorable properties in supporting bone regeneration.

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This study presents the synthesis of silica-embedded carbon nanofibers (SiO₂/eCNFs) as additives to enhance the heat dissipation properties of epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) for semiconductor packaging. Three different sized SiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared and added to the precursor solution for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. Through electrospinning and carbonization, SiO₂ nanoparticles-embedded PAN nanofibers were successfully converted to SiO₂/eCNFs. As-fabricated SiO₂/eCNFs were mixed with EMC in different concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 wt% to investigate the effect of SiO₂/eCNFs on EMC in perspective of thermal and mechanical properties. Under our experimental conditions, the addition of 500SiO₂/eCNFs with 0.4 wt% EMC achieved a 67% enhancement in thermal conductivity and a 43% higher impact strength compared to pristine EMC. The improved thermal and mechanical properties by adding SiO₂/eCNFs additives can be attributed to two factors: one-dimensional carbon and embedded SiO₂ nanoparticles. The presence of one-dimensional carbon successfully enhanced the thermal conductivity owing to its natural graphitic characteristics and dimensional advantages. In addition, the optimal size of the SiO₂ nanoparticles provided more heat dissipation routes while maintaining the packing factor compatibility with the SiO₂ fillers in the EMC. In practical EMC applications for semiconductor chips, infrared (IR) camera observations confirmed a faster increase in the surface temperature with the use of SiO₂/eCNFs-EMC, demonstrating the potential of these new EMC additives as next-generation high-performance semiconductors.

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The improvement in the thermal conductivity of the chip molded in epoxy molding compound (EMC) through the addition of SiO₂-embedded carbon nanofibers (SiO₂/eCNFs) is demonstrated. The SiO₂/eCNFs-EMC molded chips exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity, attributed to the formation of heat pathways through the combination of SiO₂ and CNFs.

The growing demand for efficient energy storage solutions has driven significant advancements in supercapacitor technology, aimed at overcoming the traditional limitations of low energy density. This article reviews strategies for enhancing the energy density of supercapacitors, focusing on advancements in electrolyte formulations, activated carbon materials, pseudocapacitive materials, and binder technologies. Aqueous, ionic liquid, and organic electrolytes have been optimized to expand voltage windows and improve ionic conductivity, thereby increasing energy storage capacity. The development of high specific surface area carbon materials and the precise tailoring of pore size distributions have been shown to enhance capacitance. Pseudocapacitive materials, including metal oxides and MXenes, have demonstrated the potential for significantly higher energy densities through redox-active mechanisms. Innovations in binder systems, particularly those employing conductive materials like reduced graphene oxide, have further improved electrode performance by enhancing structural integrity and ion transport. A key focus is the role of polymer binders, which are vital for reducing the internal resistance and subsequent heat generation. Research in this area aims to develop binders that minimize resistive losses, improve ion transport efficiency, reduce heat generation and maintain optimal operating temperatures, prevent thermal degradation, and increase energy density. Continuous research into new materials and formulations for polymer binders is essential for advancing supercapacitor technology.

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The antimicrobial performance of polyurethane (PU) fiber was significantly enhanced by integrating nanoparticles fabricated from polymers based on a zwitterion in polyacrylic acid grafted oleyl amine (PAA-g-OA). The PU fiber was fabricated by blending PU with colloidal nanoparticles, PAA-g-OA/zwitterion. Our findings showed a notable enhancement in antimicrobial properties of PU fibers bearing polymer NPs, increasing to 99.9% with the grafting of the zwitterion into PAA-g-OA even after a laundering process with a detergent. This improvement is primarily attributed to the bacteriostatic effect of the zwitterion, which enhances electrostatic attraction and hydration, because of the substantial difference in removing gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) compared to gram-negative bacteria (E. coli).

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Antibacterial polyurethane fibers bearing nanoparticles with surface zwitterions

In this study, we investigated the effect of fucoidan concentration and salts (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl₂) on the rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)–fucoidan mixtures. All mixtures exhibited shear-thinning behavior, with the apparent viscosity (η_a) of CMC–fucoidan mixtures at shear rates < 3.0 s⁻¹ being higher than that of CMC alone. However, as the shear rate increased to ≤ 30 s⁻¹, a more significant decrease in η_a was observed in CMC–fucoidan mixtures than in CMC alone. Consequently, the η_a,100 value of the mixtures decreased in a fucoidan concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, viscoelastic moduli increased with a higher fucoidan concentration, with a more pronounced increase observed in the elastic modulus than in the viscous modulus. Upon the addition of monovalent salts, the η_a value of CMC–fucoidan mixtures decreased due to the charge screening effect of cations. Conversely, the opposite result was observed with CaCl₂ addition due to Ca²⁺-induced crosslinking between both anionic polymers. Moreover, regardless of the salt type, CMC–fucoidan mixtures with salt showed higher viscoelastic moduli than those without salt, with a noticeable increase observed when CaCl₂ was added. This was likely due to the indirect/direct crosslinking effect of mono- and divalent cations. Our findings demonstrate that fucoidan and CMC exhibit a viscoelastic synergistic interaction, which is sensitive to shearing and influenced by the type of salt.

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The effect of fucoidan concentration and salt addition on the rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose–fucoidan mixtures was investigated. Rheological synergism between the two anionic polymers occurred due to the formation of an entangled network with hydrophobic junction zones. The addition of salt enhanced this synergism through the indirect/direct crosslinking effects of mono- and di-valent cations.

A new composite (PPy/Fe₂O₃)/PET was created by mixing polypyrrole (PPy) with iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) and then depositing the resulting blend (PPy/Fe₂O₃) onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET). After utilizing oxidative chemical polymerization to construct the composite, the samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and infrared (FTIR) techniques. The XRD confirms that the (PPy/Fe₂O₃)/PET composites were successfully fabricated. The conductivity of PET is 4 × 10⁻⁸ S·cm⁻¹, increased for the composites (PPy/Fe₂O₃)/PET to 6.1 × 10⁻⁵ S·cm⁻¹. Additionally, the effects of argon beam bombardment with cold cathode sources (4 × 10¹⁶, 6 × 10¹⁶, and 8 × 10¹⁶ ions.cm⁻²) on (PPy/Fe₂O₃)/PET composites were investigated. Furthermore, the surface energy and the contact angle were determined. As a result of this study, irradiated nanocomposite films have new physico-chemical characteristics that may find uses in the storage energy devices. The results showed that the irradiated composite are greatly improved, allowing these films to be used for a range of applications, including coating and printing devices.

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Carborane has been extensively researched and used in the anti-tumor sector because of its high boron content and remarkable chemical stability. Its limited water solubility, however, stems from the fact that it is a fat-soluble molecule. In this paper, firstly, the water-soluble nido-carborane potassium salt was prepared by the nucleophilic deboronation of closo-o-carborane, then rhodamine B is introduced as a fluorescent marker, and finally, four acrylic resins with different characteristics are coated to obtain L100-Rho-B, EPO-Rho-B, RL-Rho-B, and RS-Rho-B. Four kinds of borane compounds were characterized. The wavelength range of the fluorescence emission varied between 568 and 579 nm in several organic solvents. The chemicals were seen to be dispersed in long strips or stacked in sheets using transmission electron microscopy. A simulated in vitro release test demonstrated that the resin’s characteristics affected the composite’s release. The release performance of L100-Rho-B and EPO-Rho-B was superior to RL-Rho-B and RS-Rho-B, and there was a higher cumulative release amount at pH 6.5. To observe the biocompatibility of compounds with tumor cells, live cell imaging studies were conducted, and it was found that L100-Rho-B and EPO-Rho-B all have good biocompatibility.

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pH-responsive acrylic resin complexe