Heterogeneity in the projections and excitability of tyraminergic/octopaminergic neurons that innervate the Drosophila reproductive tract

Abstract

Aminergic nuclei in mammals are generally composed of relatively small numbers of cells with broad projection patterns. Despite the gross similarity of many individual neurons, recent transcriptomic, anatomic and behavioral studies suggest previously unsuspected diversity. Smaller clusters of aminergic neurons in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster provide an opportunity to explore the ramifications of neuronal diversity at the level of individual cells. A group of approximately 10 tyraminergic/octopaminergic neurons innervates the female reproductive tract in flies and has been proposed to regulate multiple activities required for fertility. The projection patterns of individual neurons within the cluster are not known and it remains unclear whether they are functionally heterogenous. Using a single cell labeling technique, we show that each region of the reproductive tract is innervated by a distinct subset of tyraminergic/octopaminergic cells. Optogenetic activation of one subset stimulates oviduct contractions, indicating that the cluster as a whole is not required for this activity, and underscoring the potential for functional diversity across individual cells. Using whole cell patch clamp, we show that two adjacent and morphologically similar cells are tonically inhibited, but each responds differently to injection of current or activation of the inhibitory GluCl receptor. GluCl appears to be expressed at relatively low levels in tyraminergic/octopaminergic neurons within the cluster, suggesting that it may regulate their excitability via indirect pathways. Together, our data indicate that specific tyraminergic/octopaminergic cells within a relatively homogenous cluster have heterogenous properties and provide a platform for further studies to determine the function of each cell.