Simultaneous enhancement of maize yield and lodging resistance via delaying plant growth retardant application

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109530

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Abstract

Context

Plant growth retardants (PGRs) have been widely used to improve lodging resistance in crops like maize. However, unsuitable PGRs concentration and application stage always caused yield penalty.

Objectives

This study delayed PGR application time and increased the PGR concentration to simultaneously enhance lodging resistance and grain yield. We aimed to propose a model for maize production regulation and dwarf breeding.

Methods

A four-year field experiment was conducted by applying EC (a mixture of ethephon and cycocel) at V7 (7th leaf collar is visible; TV7) and V14 (TV14) stage, respectively. Lodging resistance, leaf area, florets, internode length, carbon isotope distribution, and grain yield were evaluated.

Results

The results showed that both TV7 and TV14 significantly improved stalk bending strength and lodging-resistant index compared to the control (CK). TV7 reduced basal internodes length and leaves area, while TV14 shortened the internodes above ear without affecting leaf size. Notably, the decreased stem in TV14 facilitated assimilates allocation to the ear from the leaves above ear traced by ¹³C isotope, which could promote kernel set when the number of fully developed florets of each treatment was similar. Indeed, the kernel number per ear was increased by 7.6 % for TV14 but reduced by 7.3 % for TV7 compared to CK, leading to a yield increase of 8.1 % for TV14 and a decrease of 8.1 % for TV7.

Conclusion

Hence, delaying the application of EC from V7 to V14 stage can effectively enhance both maize lodging resistance and grain yield. Finally, a model for optimizing the utilization of assimilates by PGRs is proposed, which provides an insight for maize production regulation and dwarf breeding in the future.

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通过延迟施用植物生长延缓剂，同时提高玉米产量和抗倒伏能力

植物生长延缓剂（PGRs）被广泛用于提高玉米等作物的抗倒伏性。然而，不合适的 PGRs 浓度和施用阶段总会造成产量损失。本研究推迟了 PGR 的施用时间，并提高了 PGR 的浓度，以同时提高抗倒伏性和谷物产量。我们旨在提出一种玉米生产调控和矮化育种模式。我们进行了一项为期四年的田间试验，分别在 V7（可见第 7 个叶领；TV7）和 V14（TV14）期施用乙草胺（乙磷和腈菌唑的混合物）。对抗倒伏性、叶面积、小花、节间长度、碳同位素分布和谷物产量进行了评估。结果表明，与对照（CK）相比，TV7 和 TV14 都显著提高了茎秆抗弯强度和抗宿存指数。TV7 降低了基部节间长度和叶面积，而 TV14 则缩短了穗上节间，但不影响叶片大小。值得注意的是，通过 C 同位素追踪，TV14 中茎秆的减少促进了同化物从穗上部叶片分配到穗上，当各处理完全发育的小花数量相似时，这可能会促进结实。事实上，与 CK 相比，TV14 的每穗籽粒数增加了 7.6%，而 TV7 则减少了 7.3%，因此 TV14 的产量增加了 8.1%，而 TV7 则减少了 8.1%。因此，将氨基甲酸乙酯的施用时间从 V7 期推迟到 V14 期，可有效提高玉米的抗倒伏性和籽粒产量。最后，本文提出了PGRs对同化物利用的优化模型，为今后玉米生产调控和矮化育种提供了启示。

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.