Assistive Technology for Real-Time Fall Prevention during Walking: Evaluation of the Effect of an Intelligent Foot Orthosis

Rieko Yamamoto, S. Itami, Masashi Kawabata, Kohei Morimura, Toshihiko Shiraishi
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Abstract

We present an intelligent foot orthosis (IFO) designed to prevent lateral falls during walking by employing a magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed orthosis in fall prevention. Seventeen healthy adults underwent four conditions: (1) without IFO, (2) with IFO and current-OFF, (3) with IFO current-ON, and (4) with IFO and control-ON. Gait was assessed by three-dimensional motion capture and with ground reaction force. Postural changes on the frontal plane were measured, and the mediolateral center of gravity and center of pressure inclination angle (ML COG-COP IA) was calculated. Additionally, tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) muscle activity during walking were measured using surface electromyography. Results indicate a significant increase in ML COG-COP IA in (3). No significant differences were found in muscle activity between conditions. The study suggests that the posture's deviation from the lateral fall direction in (3) is primarily due to wearing the IFO, emphasizing human postural control over muscle activity. A negative correlation between ML COG-COP IA and TA muscle activity under (4), implies that individuals with lower TA muscle activity may benefit more from IFO fall prevention. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of preventing lateral falls in human walking using the proposed orthosis with an MR fluid brake. The general efficacy of the orthosis in lateral fall prevention is suggested, emphasizing the need for further development.
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步行时实时预防跌倒的辅助技术:评估智能足部矫形器的效果
我们介绍了一种智能足部矫形器(IFO),其设计目的是通过采用磁流变(MR)流体制动器来防止行走过程中的侧向跌倒。本研究旨在证明评估该矫形器在预防跌倒方面的有效性的可行性。17 名健康成年人接受了四种情况的训练:(1) 无 IFO;(2) IFO 和电流-关;(3) IFO 电流-开;(4) IFO 和控制-开。步态通过三维运动捕捉和地面反作用力进行评估。测量了正面的姿势变化,并计算了内外侧重心和压力中心倾斜角(ML COG-COP IA)。此外,还使用表面肌电图测量了行走时胫骨前肌(TA)和腓肠肌(PL)的肌肉活动。结果表明,(3)的 ML COG-COP IA 明显增加。不同条件下的肌肉活动无明显差异。研究表明,(3)中姿势偏离侧向跌倒方向的主要原因是佩戴了 IFO,强调了人体姿势控制高于肌肉活动。在(4)中,ML COG-COP IA 与 TA 肌肉活动呈负相关,这意味着 TA 肌肉活动较低的个体可能会从 IFO 预防跌倒中获益更多。总之,这项研究证明了使用带有磁共振流体制动器的拟议矫形器预防人体行走时横向跌倒的可行性。该矫形器在预防侧向跌倒方面具有普遍功效,强调了进一步开发的必要性。
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