Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1115/1.4066622
Anahita Alipanahi, Jonathan Oliveira Luiz, John J Rosowski, Cosme Furlong, Jeffrey Tao Cheng
Investigating the dynamic response of human tympanic membranes (TMs) exposed to blasts requires full-field-of-view and three-dimensional (3D) methodologies. Our paper introduces a system that combines high-speed 3D digital image correlation (HS 3D-DIC) and Schlieren imaging (HS-SI) with a custom-designed shock tube for generating blast waves. This integrated system allows us to measure TM surface motions under intense transient loading, capturing full-field-of-view shape deformations exceeding 100 μm with a temporal resolution of 10 μs. System characterization encompasses (i) measuring the shock tube's output levels and repeatability, (ii) assessment of the spatial and temporal resolutions of the imaging techniques, and (iii) identification of overall system limitations. Optimizing these factors is crucial for improving the reliability of our system to ensure the accurate measurement of deformations. To assess our shock tube's reliability in generating repeated blast waves, we instrumented it with high-pressure (HP) and high-frequency (HF) pressure sensors along the blast wave pathway to record overpressure waveforms and compared them with Schlieren imaging visualized blast waves. We validate our HS 3D-DIC measured deformations by comparing them with deformations measured using single-point laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), establishing a comprehensive assessment of the TM's dynamic response and potential fracture mechanics under blast. Finally, we test our approach with 3D-printed TM-like samples and a real cadaveric human TM. This methodology lays the groundwork for further investigations of blast-related auditory damage and the invention of more effective protective and medical solutions.
{"title":"High-Speed Three-Dimensional-Digital Image Correlation and Schlieren Imaging Integrated With Shock Tube Loading for Investigating Dynamic Response of Human Tympanic Membrane Exposed to Blasts.","authors":"Anahita Alipanahi, Jonathan Oliveira Luiz, John J Rosowski, Cosme Furlong, Jeffrey Tao Cheng","doi":"10.1115/1.4066622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigating the dynamic response of human tympanic membranes (TMs) exposed to blasts requires full-field-of-view and three-dimensional (3D) methodologies. Our paper introduces a system that combines high-speed 3D digital image correlation (HS 3D-DIC) and Schlieren imaging (HS-SI) with a custom-designed shock tube for generating blast waves. This integrated system allows us to measure TM surface motions under intense transient loading, capturing full-field-of-view shape deformations exceeding 100 <i>μ</i>m with a temporal resolution of 10 <i>μ</i>s. System characterization encompasses (i) measuring the shock tube's output levels and repeatability, (ii) assessment of the spatial and temporal resolutions of the imaging techniques, and (iii) identification of overall system limitations. Optimizing these factors is crucial for improving the reliability of our system to ensure the accurate measurement of deformations. To assess our shock tube's reliability in generating repeated blast waves, we instrumented it with high-pressure (HP) and high-frequency (HF) pressure sensors along the blast wave pathway to record overpressure waveforms and compared them with Schlieren imaging visualized blast waves. We validate our HS 3D-DIC measured deformations by comparing them with deformations measured using single-point laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), establishing a comprehensive assessment of the TM's dynamic response and potential fracture mechanics under blast. Finally, we test our approach with 3D-printed TM-like samples and a real cadaveric human TM. This methodology lays the groundwork for further investigations of blast-related auditory damage and the invention of more effective protective and medical solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"8 4","pages":"041101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1115/1.4066623
Shabnam Rahimnezhad, Tanzil M Arefin, Xiaoxiao Bai, Thomas Neuberger, Daniel Cortes
Regardless of the way of treatment, persistent deficits in calf muscles in recovered patients from Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exist long-term postinjury. Studies on calf muscle changes mostly highlight morphological changes in the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. However, limited attention has been given to fascicular changes. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can provide a better understanding of the characteristics and properties of tissues with organized microstructure. In the current study, we used DTI-derived indices (mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues-λ1, λ2, and λ3) and fiber tractography to better understand the soleus muscle after recovery from ATR by comparing the results of injured legs with healthy ones. Our findings suggest that the standard deviations of measured parameters (FA, MD, and eigenvalues) within the soleus muscle are better predictors of the changes associated with the ATR as compared to the control counterpart for the volumetric region of interest (ROI). Additionally, in four out of five participants, smaller tracts were observed in the injured leg compared to the healthy one, as evidenced by the fiber length distribution of the tracts. Altogether, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the DTI and fiber tractography approaches to quantify the fascicular changes in the individuals recovered from ATR.
{"title":"Quantifying the Fascicular Changes in Recovered Achilles Tendon Patients Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Tractography.","authors":"Shabnam Rahimnezhad, Tanzil M Arefin, Xiaoxiao Bai, Thomas Neuberger, Daniel Cortes","doi":"10.1115/1.4066623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regardless of the way of treatment, persistent deficits in calf muscles in recovered patients from Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exist long-term postinjury. Studies on calf muscle changes mostly highlight morphological changes in the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. However, limited attention has been given to fascicular changes. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can provide a better understanding of the characteristics and properties of tissues with organized microstructure. In the current study, we used DTI-derived indices (mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues-<i>λ</i> <sub>1</sub>, <i>λ</i> <sub>2</sub>, and <i>λ</i> <sub>3</sub>) and fiber tractography to better understand the soleus muscle after recovery from ATR by comparing the results of injured legs with healthy ones. Our findings suggest that the standard deviations of measured parameters (FA, MD, and eigenvalues) within the soleus muscle are better predictors of the changes associated with the ATR as compared to the control counterpart for the volumetric region of interest (ROI). Additionally, in four out of five participants, smaller tracts were observed in the injured leg compared to the healthy one, as evidenced by the fiber length distribution of the tracts. Altogether, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the DTI and fiber tractography approaches to quantify the fascicular changes in the individuals recovered from ATR.</p>","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"031006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rieko Yamamoto, S. Itami, Masashi Kawabata, Kohei Morimura, Toshihiko Shiraishi
We present an intelligent foot orthosis (IFO) designed to prevent lateral falls during walking by employing a magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed orthosis in fall prevention. Seventeen healthy adults underwent four conditions: (1) without IFO, (2) with IFO and current-OFF, (3) with IFO current-ON, and (4) with IFO and control-ON. Gait was assessed by three-dimensional motion capture and with ground reaction force. Postural changes on the frontal plane were measured, and the mediolateral center of gravity and center of pressure inclination angle (ML COG-COP IA) was calculated. Additionally, tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) muscle activity during walking were measured using surface electromyography. Results indicate a significant increase in ML COG-COP IA in (3). No significant differences were found in muscle activity between conditions. The study suggests that the posture's deviation from the lateral fall direction in (3) is primarily due to wearing the IFO, emphasizing human postural control over muscle activity. A negative correlation between ML COG-COP IA and TA muscle activity under (4), implies that individuals with lower TA muscle activity may benefit more from IFO fall prevention. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of preventing lateral falls in human walking using the proposed orthosis with an MR fluid brake. The general efficacy of the orthosis in lateral fall prevention is suggested, emphasizing the need for further development.
我们介绍了一种智能足部矫形器(IFO),其设计目的是通过采用磁流变(MR)流体制动器来防止行走过程中的侧向跌倒。本研究旨在证明评估该矫形器在预防跌倒方面的有效性的可行性。17 名健康成年人接受了四种情况的训练:(1) 无 IFO;(2) IFO 和电流-关;(3) IFO 电流-开;(4) IFO 和控制-开。步态通过三维运动捕捉和地面反作用力进行评估。测量了正面的姿势变化,并计算了内外侧重心和压力中心倾斜角(ML COG-COP IA)。此外,还使用表面肌电图测量了行走时胫骨前肌(TA)和腓肠肌(PL)的肌肉活动。结果表明,(3)的 ML COG-COP IA 明显增加。不同条件下的肌肉活动无明显差异。研究表明,(3)中姿势偏离侧向跌倒方向的主要原因是佩戴了 IFO,强调了人体姿势控制高于肌肉活动。在(4)中,ML COG-COP IA 与 TA 肌肉活动呈负相关,这意味着 TA 肌肉活动较低的个体可能会从 IFO 预防跌倒中获益更多。总之,这项研究证明了使用带有磁共振流体制动器的拟议矫形器预防人体行走时横向跌倒的可行性。该矫形器在预防侧向跌倒方面具有普遍功效,强调了进一步开发的必要性。
{"title":"Assistive Technology for Real-Time Fall Prevention during Walking: Evaluation of the Effect of an Intelligent Foot Orthosis","authors":"Rieko Yamamoto, S. Itami, Masashi Kawabata, Kohei Morimura, Toshihiko Shiraishi","doi":"10.1115/1.4066187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We present an intelligent foot orthosis (IFO) designed to prevent lateral falls during walking by employing a magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed orthosis in fall prevention. Seventeen healthy adults underwent four conditions: (1) without IFO, (2) with IFO and current-OFF, (3) with IFO current-ON, and (4) with IFO and control-ON. Gait was assessed by three-dimensional motion capture and with ground reaction force. Postural changes on the frontal plane were measured, and the mediolateral center of gravity and center of pressure inclination angle (ML COG-COP IA) was calculated. Additionally, tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) muscle activity during walking were measured using surface electromyography. Results indicate a significant increase in ML COG-COP IA in (3). No significant differences were found in muscle activity between conditions. The study suggests that the posture's deviation from the lateral fall direction in (3) is primarily due to wearing the IFO, emphasizing human postural control over muscle activity. A negative correlation between ML COG-COP IA and TA muscle activity under (4), implies that individuals with lower TA muscle activity may benefit more from IFO fall prevention. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of preventing lateral falls in human walking using the proposed orthosis with an MR fluid brake. The general efficacy of the orthosis in lateral fall prevention is suggested, emphasizing the need for further development.","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For individuals with infectious diseases, early and accurate diagnosis is critical. A rapid diagnosis allows for prompt and effective treatment and increases the chance of a full recovery without complications. Additionally, when containing a wide-scale infectious disease outbreak, circumstances are significantly improved by the ability to test the populace frequently, swiftly, and affordably. Regarding specificity and sensitivity, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are one of the best options for diagnosing infectious diseases. Historically, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used, but complex thermocycling and complicated PCR protocols have often limited PCR to clinical settings. Due to increased simplicity, the isothermal NAAT recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has the potential to deliver reliable POC diagnostics in low-resource settings. When designing POC devices for isothermal NAATs, creating isothermal temperature conditions is perhaps the most significant challenge. This work presents a flexible and robust device capable of incubating 3 RPA reactions for simultaneous amplification in conditions conducive to POC testing. The device costs ~$ 60 USD to construct and is easy to assemble. A battery-powered polyimide thin-film resistive heater provides energy, and the device only requires power for a fraction of the total incubation time. The device uses a phase change material (PCM) to regulate temperature to avoid the complexity of a microcontroller. RPA reactions were successfully incubated in 30 minutes using the device.
{"title":"A Simple Poc Device for Temperature Control of Multiple Reactions During Recombinase Polymerase Amplification","authors":"Aubrey Schultz, Shannon Servoss, Robert Beitle","doi":"10.1115/1.4066055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For individuals with infectious diseases, early and accurate diagnosis is critical. A rapid diagnosis allows for prompt and effective treatment and increases the chance of a full recovery without complications. Additionally, when containing a wide-scale infectious disease outbreak, circumstances are significantly improved by the ability to test the populace frequently, swiftly, and affordably. Regarding specificity and sensitivity, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are one of the best options for diagnosing infectious diseases. Historically, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used, but complex thermocycling and complicated PCR protocols have often limited PCR to clinical settings. Due to increased simplicity, the isothermal NAAT recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has the potential to deliver reliable POC diagnostics in low-resource settings. When designing POC devices for isothermal NAATs, creating isothermal temperature conditions is perhaps the most significant challenge. This work presents a flexible and robust device capable of incubating 3 RPA reactions for simultaneous amplification in conditions conducive to POC testing. The device costs ~$ 60 USD to construct and is easy to assemble. A battery-powered polyimide thin-film resistive heater provides energy, and the device only requires power for a fraction of the total incubation time. The device uses a phase change material (PCM) to regulate temperature to avoid the complexity of a microcontroller. RPA reactions were successfully incubated in 30 minutes using the device.","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"42 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maher Amer, Christina Fisher, Georgia Small, Blake Bullock, Vero Salinas, Jaden Langford
Microneedle Arrays (MNAs) are promising drug delivery tools aimed at lowering invasiveness and pain. Many design parameters are optimized to lower penetration force in MNAs. An important parameter is the microneedle width as that relates directly to the force required to penetrate the skin, the lower the width the lower the penetration force needed. This research explored the use of auxetic structures known for having negative Poisson ratios in the design of MNAs. As the needles are inserted the compression on the needles causes their radial dimension to shrink instead of increasing as in positive Poisson ration structures. This study has shown a 25% reduction in penetration force due to using an auxetic structure instead of a conventional non-auxetic structure. The research employs additive manufacturing and soft molding to fabricate the MNAs. This study emphasizes the viability of using auxetic structures in MNA design.
{"title":"Auxetic Structure Inspired Microneedle Arrays for Minimally Invasive Drug Delivery","authors":"Maher Amer, Christina Fisher, Georgia Small, Blake Bullock, Vero Salinas, Jaden Langford","doi":"10.1115/1.4066007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Microneedle Arrays (MNAs) are promising drug delivery tools aimed at lowering invasiveness and pain. Many design parameters are optimized to lower penetration force in MNAs. An important parameter is the microneedle width as that relates directly to the force required to penetrate the skin, the lower the width the lower the penetration force needed. This research explored the use of auxetic structures known for having negative Poisson ratios in the design of MNAs. As the needles are inserted the compression on the needles causes their radial dimension to shrink instead of increasing as in positive Poisson ration structures. This study has shown a 25% reduction in penetration force due to using an auxetic structure instead of a conventional non-auxetic structure. The research employs additive manufacturing and soft molding to fabricate the MNAs. This study emphasizes the viability of using auxetic structures in MNA design.","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harikrishna M. Menon, Tondup Dolkar, Jayanand B Sudhir, Shine Sr
This study utilizes computational tools to analyze the hemodynamic effects of a hypoplastic/stenotic A1 segment in the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) on the Circle of Willis (CoW). The objective is to investigate how variations in ACA A1 diameter affect flow dynamics, wall shear stress (WSS), and the initiation of aneurysms within the CoW. An idealized CoW geometry is employed, incorporating hypoplastic ACA A1 segments with reductions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in diameter and a 50% constriction representing stenosis. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model explores flow dynamics and WSS distribution. The computational methodology is validated against experimental data from existing literature. The study demonstrates the resilience of overall brain perfusion despite a hypoplastic ACA A1 segment. Significant alterations and diversions in flow, particularly at the ACoM-ACA junction, are observed under varying degrees of hypoplasticity. Analysis of radial velocity profiles reveals asymmetry in flow distribution, exacerbating risks of arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Distinct patterns of WSS distribution during peak systole in the ACA A2 segment highlight the influence of hypoplasticity on vascular health, with implications for structural aberrations and aneurysm formation, particularly in the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA). A comparison study of rigid wall cases with elastic walls using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is also done to understand the applicability of FSI. Insights gained from this research contribute to comprehending CoW anomalies' pathophysiology and offer guidance for developing effective treatment strategies.
{"title":"Hemodynamics of Circle of Willis Having Hypoplastic/Stenotic Anterior Cerebral Artery A1 Segment","authors":"Harikrishna M. Menon, Tondup Dolkar, Jayanand B Sudhir, Shine Sr","doi":"10.1115/1.4066008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study utilizes computational tools to analyze the hemodynamic effects of a hypoplastic/stenotic A1 segment in the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) on the Circle of Willis (CoW). The objective is to investigate how variations in ACA A1 diameter affect flow dynamics, wall shear stress (WSS), and the initiation of aneurysms within the CoW. An idealized CoW geometry is employed, incorporating hypoplastic ACA A1 segments with reductions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in diameter and a 50% constriction representing stenosis. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model explores flow dynamics and WSS distribution. The computational methodology is validated against experimental data from existing literature. The study demonstrates the resilience of overall brain perfusion despite a hypoplastic ACA A1 segment. Significant alterations and diversions in flow, particularly at the ACoM-ACA junction, are observed under varying degrees of hypoplasticity. Analysis of radial velocity profiles reveals asymmetry in flow distribution, exacerbating risks of arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Distinct patterns of WSS distribution during peak systole in the ACA A2 segment highlight the influence of hypoplasticity on vascular health, with implications for structural aberrations and aneurysm formation, particularly in the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA). A comparison study of rigid wall cases with elastic walls using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is also done to understand the applicability of FSI. Insights gained from this research contribute to comprehending CoW anomalies' pathophysiology and offer guidance for developing effective treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Thelen, Alexis Meeker, Fardeen Mazumder, Mariam Tabbah, Linda Zhu, Charlotte Tang, Nathaniel S. Miller
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States. The cardinal symptoms of PD are tremor, rigidity, slowed movement, and impaired balance. These symptoms often interfere with the daily activities of people with Parkinson's (PwPD) and negatively affect quality of life (QoL). Therefore, monitoring PD symptoms is essential for clinical evaluations and adjusting medication to help maintain QoL for PwPD. We are developing a mobile app to conduct at-home PD symptom monitoring to provide more timely, frequent, and accurate measurements of PD symptoms. While the tremor and finger-tapping results collected in the mobile app have been discussed in previous publications, this paper focuses on the design and evaluation of postural stability tests in the app and validating the reliability of the embedded accelerometers and gyroscopes in smartphones. During the test, a shaker was employed to provide vibration in amplitude and frequency ranges similar to human postural stability signals, and both the accelerometer and gyroscope measurements were evaluated. We used signal processing algorithms to extract postural stability factors, such as the root mean square (RMS) value, the derivative of acceleration, frequency factors, etc. for the accelerations, and the ranges and RMS for the angular velocity. Our findings show that smartphone devices have good consistency over multiple trials and between devices, and motion patterns achieved from multiple data points are reliable for postural stability analysis.
{"title":"Reliability Test of Mobile Embedded Accelerometers and Gyroscopes with the Goal of Measuring Postural Stability for People with Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Matthew Thelen, Alexis Meeker, Fardeen Mazumder, Mariam Tabbah, Linda Zhu, Charlotte Tang, Nathaniel S. Miller","doi":"10.1115/1.4065860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065860","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States. The cardinal symptoms of PD are tremor, rigidity, slowed movement, and impaired balance. These symptoms often interfere with the daily activities of people with Parkinson's (PwPD) and negatively affect quality of life (QoL). Therefore, monitoring PD symptoms is essential for clinical evaluations and adjusting medication to help maintain QoL for PwPD. We are developing a mobile app to conduct at-home PD symptom monitoring to provide more timely, frequent, and accurate measurements of PD symptoms. While the tremor and finger-tapping results collected in the mobile app have been discussed in previous publications, this paper focuses on the design and evaluation of postural stability tests in the app and validating the reliability of the embedded accelerometers and gyroscopes in smartphones. During the test, a shaker was employed to provide vibration in amplitude and frequency ranges similar to human postural stability signals, and both the accelerometer and gyroscope measurements were evaluated. We used signal processing algorithms to extract postural stability factors, such as the root mean square (RMS) value, the derivative of acceleration, frequency factors, etc. for the accelerations, and the ranges and RMS for the angular velocity. Our findings show that smartphone devices have good consistency over multiple trials and between devices, and motion patterns achieved from multiple data points are reliable for postural stability analysis.","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egon Mamboleo, Abdelhak Ouldyerou, Khaled Alsharif, Peter Ngan, A. Merdji, Sandipan Roy, O. Mukdadi
This study aims to delineate the biomechanical responses in both soft and hard tissues, alongside the interactions within the surrounding bone of a human skull subjected to clinical loadings generated by a miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) device. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of a 20-year-old female skull were segmented. The skull bones were meticulously modeled to reconstruct a comprehensive 3D model for finite-element analysis (FEA). A displacement of 0.125 mm was applied on each side (0.25 mm total) of the MARPE device to simulate one complete turn of the jackscrew. The outcomes revealed that the miniscrews experienced a maximum equivalent von Mises stress of 264.91 MPa. Notably, the separation of the midpalatal suture exhibited a quasi-parallel deformation with an average displacement of 0.247 mm and a standard deviation of 0.00667 mm. The ratio of the rotational angle to the lateral displacement of the zygomaticomaxillary complex was 0.6436 degree/mm. No Fracture of miniscrews was observed during the activation of one turn per day.
{"title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Orthodontic Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion On Dental and Bone Tissues: A Finite-Element Study","authors":"Egon Mamboleo, Abdelhak Ouldyerou, Khaled Alsharif, Peter Ngan, A. Merdji, Sandipan Roy, O. Mukdadi","doi":"10.1115/1.4065589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065589","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims to delineate the biomechanical responses in both soft and hard tissues, alongside the interactions within the surrounding bone of a human skull subjected to clinical loadings generated by a miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) device. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of a 20-year-old female skull were segmented. The skull bones were meticulously modeled to reconstruct a comprehensive 3D model for finite-element analysis (FEA). A displacement of 0.125 mm was applied on each side (0.25 mm total) of the MARPE device to simulate one complete turn of the jackscrew. The outcomes revealed that the miniscrews experienced a maximum equivalent von Mises stress of 264.91 MPa. Notably, the separation of the midpalatal suture exhibited a quasi-parallel deformation with an average displacement of 0.247 mm and a standard deviation of 0.00667 mm. The ratio of the rotational angle to the lateral displacement of the zygomaticomaxillary complex was 0.6436 degree/mm. No Fracture of miniscrews was observed during the activation of one turn per day.","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"2 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Rutherford, Wenhao Xu, Kiet Vu, Claudia Lozano, Alexandra Lee, Paige Dzenutis, Arriyan Dowlatshahi, Anthony Pennes, Jay Connor, Alexander Slocum
Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (PAES) is a condition affecting blood flow in the back of the leg which can have a significant impact on the patient's life. It is often misdiagnosed due to a lack of standardized procedures and quantifiable diagnostic criteria. To facilitate easier and more accurate diagnosis of this syndrome, we have designed and built an initial prototype of a device that provides adjustable resistance during plantar-flexion of the patient's ankle while quantifying force generated and ankle range of motion. The device will be used while the physician observes blood flow through the popliteal artery in the back of the knee using an ultrasound. The device provides a convenient and ergonomic solution for patients and physicians, which helps improve the accuracy of Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (PAES) diagnosis and allows physicians to further study this condition.
{"title":"Design of a Device to Ease and Improve the Diagnosis of Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (paes)","authors":"Emma Rutherford, Wenhao Xu, Kiet Vu, Claudia Lozano, Alexandra Lee, Paige Dzenutis, Arriyan Dowlatshahi, Anthony Pennes, Jay Connor, Alexander Slocum","doi":"10.1115/1.4065588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065588","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (PAES) is a condition affecting blood flow in the back of the leg which can have a significant impact on the patient's life. It is often misdiagnosed due to a lack of standardized procedures and quantifiable diagnostic criteria. To facilitate easier and more accurate diagnosis of this syndrome, we have designed and built an initial prototype of a device that provides adjustable resistance during plantar-flexion of the patient's ankle while quantifying force generated and ankle range of motion. The device will be used while the physician observes blood flow through the popliteal artery in the back of the knee using an ultrasound. The device provides a convenient and ergonomic solution for patients and physicians, which helps improve the accuracy of Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (PAES) diagnosis and allows physicians to further study this condition.","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"72 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the diagnosis of unilateral cervical radiculopathy and need for surgical intervention, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (conventional fusion) and posterior cervical foraminotomy are common options. Although patient outcomes may be similar between the two procedures, their biomechanical effects have not been fully compared using a head-to-head approach, particularly, in relation to the amount of facet resection and internal load-sharing between spinal segments and components. The objective of this investigation was to compare load-sharing between conventional fusion and graded foraminotomy facet resections under physiological loading. A validated finite element model of the cervical spinal column was used in the study. The intact spine was modified to simulate the two procedures at the C5-C6 spinal segment. Flexion, extension, and lateral bending loads were applied to the intact, graded foraminotomy, and conventional fusion spines. Load-sharing was determined using range of motion data at the C5-C6 and immediate adjacent segments, facet loads at the three segments, and disk pressures at the adjacent segments. Results were normalized with respect to the intact spine to compare surgical options. Conventional fusion leads to increased motion, pressure, and facet loads at adjacent segments. Foraminotomy leads to increased motion and anterior loading at the index level, and motions decrease at adjacent levels. In extension, the left facet load decreases after foraminotomy. Recognizing that foraminotomy is a motion preserving alternative to conventional fusion, this study highlights various intrinsic biomechanical factors and potential instability issues with more than one-half facet resection.
{"title":"Comparison of Load-Sharing Responses Between Graded Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Conventional Fusion Using Finite Element Modeling.","authors":"Narayan Yoganandan, Hoon Choi, Yuvaraj Purushothaman, Aditya Vedantam, Balaji Harinathan, Anjishnu Banerjee","doi":"10.1115/1.4063465","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4063465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the diagnosis of unilateral cervical radiculopathy and need for surgical intervention, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (conventional fusion) and posterior cervical foraminotomy are common options. Although patient outcomes may be similar between the two procedures, their biomechanical effects have not been fully compared using a head-to-head approach, particularly, in relation to the amount of facet resection and internal load-sharing between spinal segments and components. The objective of this investigation was to compare load-sharing between conventional fusion and graded foraminotomy facet resections under physiological loading. A validated finite element model of the cervical spinal column was used in the study. The intact spine was modified to simulate the two procedures at the C5-C6 spinal segment. Flexion, extension, and lateral bending loads were applied to the intact, graded foraminotomy, and conventional fusion spines. Load-sharing was determined using range of motion data at the C5-C6 and immediate adjacent segments, facet loads at the three segments, and disk pressures at the adjacent segments. Results were normalized with respect to the intact spine to compare surgical options. Conventional fusion leads to increased motion, pressure, and facet loads at adjacent segments. Foraminotomy leads to increased motion and anterior loading at the index level, and motions decrease at adjacent levels. In extension, the left facet load decreases after foraminotomy. Recognizing that foraminotomy is a motion preserving alternative to conventional fusion, this study highlights various intrinsic biomechanical factors and potential instability issues with more than one-half facet resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy","volume":"7 2","pages":"021006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583278/pdf/jesmdt-23-1042_021006.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49685828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}