Comparison of the Oxidation Behavior at High Temperature of INCONEL 625 Forged and Produced by Additive Manufacturing

IF 2.1 3区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI:10.1007/s11085-024-10283-6

Bruno Wilson Andrade, Fábio Edson Mariani, Reginaldo Teixeira Coelho, Artur Mariano de Sousa Malafaia

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Abstract

The microstructure and oxidation resistance at 900 and 1000 °C of additively manufactured (AM) by directed energy deposition (DED) and conventionally manufactured (CM) Inconel 625 alloys were studied. The microstructure of the AM samples was cellular, with Nb and Mo segregations located in the dendritic and interdendritic regions. At 900 °C, the oxidation rate was similar for both materials, but was clearly higher for the AM material at 1000 °C, being related to the segregation and porosity present in the microstructure of the AM samples. Decrease in porosity by DED changing parameters allowed better oxidation resistance, but still considerably inferior than CM samples at 1000 °C. After oxidation, a layer of Cr2O3 was identified under all conditions, providing high resistance to oxidation. Internal oxidation of alumina was also observed in the CM and AM samples. The delta phase Ni3(Nb, Mo) was observed for the CM and AM alloys at the grain boundaries (900 °C) and at the metal/oxide interface for both temperatures as a result of chromium depletion. Finally, the oxide layer formed was compact and dense, and some voids were formed in the subsurface region of the samples produced by AM.

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INCONEL 625 锻造件和增材制造件的高温氧化行为比较

研究了通过定向能沉积（DED）技术添加制造（AM）的 Inconel 625 合金和传统制造（CM）的 Inconel 625 合金在 900 和 1000 ℃ 下的微观结构和抗氧化性。AM 样品的微观结构为蜂窝状，树枝状和树枝间区域存在铌和钼偏析。在 900 ℃ 时，两种材料的氧化率相似，但在 1000 ℃ 时，AM 材料的氧化率明显更高，这与 AM 样品微观结构中存在的偏析和孔隙率有关。通过改变 DED 参数降低孔隙率可提高抗氧化性，但在 1000 °C 时仍大大低于 CM 样品。氧化后，在所有条件下都发现了一层 Cr2O3，具有很强的抗氧化性。在 CM 和 AM 样品中还观察到氧化铝的内部氧化。由于铬的耗竭，在 CM 和 AM 合金的晶界（900 °C）和金属/氧化物界面上都观察到了 Ni3（Nb，Mo）三角相。最后，形成的氧化层紧密致密，在 AM 制成的样品的次表层区域形成了一些空隙。

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来源期刊

Oxidation of Metals 工程技术-冶金工程

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Oxidation of Metals is the premier source for the rapid dissemination of current research on all aspects of the science of gas-solid reactions at temperatures greater than about 400˚C, with primary focus on the high-temperature corrosion of bulk and coated systems. This authoritative bi-monthly publishes original scientific papers on kinetics, mechanisms, studies of scales from structural and morphological viewpoints, transport properties in scales, phase-boundary reactions, and much more. Articles may discuss both theoretical and experimental work related to gas-solid reactions at the surface or near-surface of a material exposed to elevated temperatures, including reactions with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and halogens. In addition, Oxidation of Metals publishes the results of frontier research concerned with deposit-induced attack. Review papers and short technical notes are encouraged.