Assessment of biodegradability and biocompatibility: An experimental and comparative analysis of magnesium and magnesium-(zinc-tin)/hydroxyapatite composites

Chandrahasa Chowdeswarihalli Narayanappa, Beemkumar Nagappan, P Vignesh, Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam
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Abstract

This study presents the fabrication and comparative assessment of biodegradation and biocompatibility behaviors of pure Mg, Mg/HA (Hydroxyapatite), Mg-Zn/HA, and Mg-Sn/HA composites with fixed 5 wt% HA and 1 wt% each of Zn and Sn, using novel ultrasonic-assisted rheo casting technology. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy integrated with energy dispersive spectroscopy, were employed to analyze phase formation, surface morphology, and elemental composition. Microhardness tests were conducted to assess indentation resistance, while in vitro corrosion performance was evaluated in simulated bodily fluid to compare degradation behavior. Results indicate a uniform distribution of reinforced particles within the matrix with minimal casting defects. Intermetallic phases MgZn and Mg2Sn precipitated along grain boundaries in Mg-Zn/HA and Mg-Sn/HA composites. The Mg-Sn/HA composite exhibited peak microhardness (94.8 HV) due to precipitation strengthening. In contrast, Mg-Zn/HA samples showed a low degradation rate (0.19 mm/yr) and H2 gas evolution rate (0.035 ml/mm2), attributed to uniform distribution of secondary phases and fine grains that mitigate galvanic cell formation and control degradation. Cell viability assay results demonstrated that Mg-Zn/HA composite outperformed all other samples, showing a 94% relative cell growth rate of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells after 2 h of incubation, attributed to strong apatite formation (rich in Ca and P) on the surface post-immersion, promoting cell proliferation.
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生物降解性和生物相容性评估:镁和镁-(锌-锡)/羟基磷灰石复合材料的实验和比较分析
本研究采用新型超声波辅助流变铸造技术,制备了纯镁、镁/HA(羟基磷灰石)、镁-锌/HA 和镁-锌/HA 复合材料,并对其生物降解和生物相容性行为进行了比较评估。表征技术包括 X 射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱仪,用于分析相的形成、表面形态和元素组成。此外,还进行了微硬度测试以评估抗压痕性能,并在模拟体液中对体外腐蚀性能进行了评估,以比较降解行为。结果表明,强化颗粒在基体中分布均匀,铸造缺陷极少。在 Mg-Zn/HA 和 Mg-Sn/HA 复合材料中,金属间相 MgZn 和 Mg2Sn 沿晶界析出。由于析出强化作用,Mg-Sn/HA 复合材料显示出峰值显微硬度(94.8 HV)。相比之下,Mg-Zn/HA 样品的降解率(0.19 mm/yr)和 H2 气体进化率(0.035 ml/mm2)较低,这归因于均匀分布的次生相和细小晶粒缓解了电化细胞的形成并控制了降解。细胞活力检测结果表明,Mg-Zn/HA 复合材料的性能优于所有其他样品,在培养 2 小时后,骨肉瘤 MG-63 细胞的相对细胞生长率达到 94%,这归因于浸泡后表面形成了大量磷灰石(富含 Ca 和 P),促进了细胞增殖。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
166
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Materials: Design and Applications covers the usage and design of materials for application in an engineering context. The materials covered include metals, ceramics, and composites, as well as engineering polymers. "The Journal of Materials Design and Applications is dedicated to publishing papers of the highest quality, in a timely fashion, covering a variety of important areas in materials technology. The Journal''s publishers have a wealth of publishing expertise and ensure that authors are given exemplary service. Every attention is given to publishing the papers as quickly as possible. The Journal has an excellent international reputation, with a corresponding international Editorial Board from a large number of different materials areas and disciplines advising the Editor." Professor Bill Banks - University of Strathclyde, UK This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
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