Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1177/14644207241272840
Jpm Pragana, Rfv Sampaio, I. Bragança, Cma Silva, CV Nielsen, P. Martins
This paper focuses on the development of a finite element computer software to perform macro-scale thermo-mechanical simulations of wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The emphasis is placed on various aspects of computer implementation, such as modeling the heat source, incorporating an element birth approach to replicate material deposition, and ensuring compatibility of solution time increments with the wire feed rate, travel speed of the heat source and melt pool volume. Thermal strains are also included due to their impact on residual stresses and distortions of the built parts after finishing material deposition. Experiments consisting of single bead, multi-layer deposition of AISI 316L stainless steel along linear paths are utilized to validate the predicted temperature distribution over time and evaluate the computed geometry and distortions of the deposited vertical walls after unclamping. Microstructure observations of samples extracted from the walls combined with finite element estimates of the temperature gradient help understand the influence of temperature history on the morphology and orientation of columnar grain growth.
{"title":"Macro-scale finite element simulation of wire-arc additive manufacturing","authors":"Jpm Pragana, Rfv Sampaio, I. Bragança, Cma Silva, CV Nielsen, P. Martins","doi":"10.1177/14644207241272840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241272840","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the development of a finite element computer software to perform macro-scale thermo-mechanical simulations of wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The emphasis is placed on various aspects of computer implementation, such as modeling the heat source, incorporating an element birth approach to replicate material deposition, and ensuring compatibility of solution time increments with the wire feed rate, travel speed of the heat source and melt pool volume. Thermal strains are also included due to their impact on residual stresses and distortions of the built parts after finishing material deposition. Experiments consisting of single bead, multi-layer deposition of AISI 316L stainless steel along linear paths are utilized to validate the predicted temperature distribution over time and evaluate the computed geometry and distortions of the deposited vertical walls after unclamping. Microstructure observations of samples extracted from the walls combined with finite element estimates of the temperature gradient help understand the influence of temperature history on the morphology and orientation of columnar grain growth.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1177/14644207241269635
Jianchun Wang, Mehdi Zarei
This paper investigates the vibrational characteristics of lattice-core sandwich annular spherical shells. An effective analytical model, based on the Smeared Stiffener technique, is employed to integrate the stiffness contributions of the core with those of the shells. Helical stiffeners are modeled as beams capable of bearing axial forces and bending moments. The governing equations are derived from Donnell's classical thin shell theory. The Galerkin method is applied to extract the natural frequencies. To validate the analytical results and conduct a comprehensive parametric study, a 3D finite element model is developed using ABAQUS CAE software. Comparisons demonstrate a satisfactory agreement between the analytical and numerical results. Additionally, the effects of the spherical shell's geometric parameters, lamination angle, stiffener orientation angle, and various lattice core configurations are examined.
{"title":"Analysis of vibration characteristics of lattice-core sandwich annular spherical shells","authors":"Jianchun Wang, Mehdi Zarei","doi":"10.1177/14644207241269635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241269635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the vibrational characteristics of lattice-core sandwich annular spherical shells. An effective analytical model, based on the Smeared Stiffener technique, is employed to integrate the stiffness contributions of the core with those of the shells. Helical stiffeners are modeled as beams capable of bearing axial forces and bending moments. The governing equations are derived from Donnell's classical thin shell theory. The Galerkin method is applied to extract the natural frequencies. To validate the analytical results and conduct a comprehensive parametric study, a 3D finite element model is developed using ABAQUS CAE software. Comparisons demonstrate a satisfactory agreement between the analytical and numerical results. Additionally, the effects of the spherical shell's geometric parameters, lamination angle, stiffener orientation angle, and various lattice core configurations are examined.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An approach to modeling creep fracture under a complex stress state using the Finite Element Method is proposed. The model of the turbine blade root was studied. The methodology of the transition in the analysis from the general 3D to the 2D stress state is proposed. For the models of the roots, the characteristics of the damage accumulation were obtained and the analysis of subsequent fracture in roots made of different materials was performed.The novel results of the description the creep fracture behavior after the period of damage accumulation were obtained. Based on the analysis of the numerical results, it was established that for different materials qualitatively different fracture processes occur in different places of the blade root. They were as follows: the fracture with separation of the main part of the root between the lower teeth; destruction of a separate tooth with a transition inside the root, as well as of a separate tooth jointly with the root’s lower part. A novel approach to obtaining the form of an equation for description the current length of a creep crack by use of numerical results is proposed.
{"title":"Creep damage and fracture of turbine blade roots","authors":"Dmytro Breslavsky, Volodymyr Mietielov, Alyona Senko, Oksana Tatarinova, Ihor Palkov, Holm Altenbach","doi":"10.1177/14644207241269616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241269616","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to modeling creep fracture under a complex stress state using the Finite Element Method is proposed. The model of the turbine blade root was studied. The methodology of the transition in the analysis from the general 3D to the 2D stress state is proposed. For the models of the roots, the characteristics of the damage accumulation were obtained and the analysis of subsequent fracture in roots made of different materials was performed.The novel results of the description the creep fracture behavior after the period of damage accumulation were obtained. Based on the analysis of the numerical results, it was established that for different materials qualitatively different fracture processes occur in different places of the blade root. They were as follows: the fracture with separation of the main part of the root between the lower teeth; destruction of a separate tooth with a transition inside the root, as well as of a separate tooth jointly with the root’s lower part. A novel approach to obtaining the form of an equation for description the current length of a creep crack by use of numerical results is proposed.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1177/14644207241269567
Ravi Vijaykumar Sevak, Ramesh Gupta Burela, Gaurav Arora, Ankit Gupta
The present study deals with the fabrication of hybrid composites using biodegradable and ecologically friendly natural fibers and a recyclable thermoplastic matrix. Pure and hybrid natural fiber composites of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with Kenaf and Ramie fiber, 20 wt%, were fabricated using microwave-assisted compression molding. The composite's mechanical characterization was performed using tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests. X-ray diffraction was done to investigate the crystallinity percentage, and scanning electron microscopy of fractured surfaces was performed to determine failure mechanisms. The hybrid composite of HDPE/Ramie and Kenaf exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 29.3 ± 1.2 MPa, surpassing HDPE/Kenaf (21.6 ± 1.1 MPa) and HDPE/Ramie (24.3 ± 1.4 MPa) composites. In terms of flexural strength, HDPE/Ramie demonstrated the highest at 19.9 ± 1.5 MPa, while HDPE/Kenaf had the lowest at 18 ± 1.1 MPa. The hybrid composite's flexural strength was intermediate at 19 ± 1.3 MPa. Impact strength followed a similar trend, with the hybrid composite leading at 40.2 KJ/m2, followed by HDPE/Ramie (26.9 KJ/m2) and HDPE/Kenaf (12.3 KJ/m2). Hardness tests revealed the highest hardness in the hybrid composite and the lowest in HDPE/Kenaf. A computational study has been performed to develop a model for predicting the hybrid composites. A strong agreement between both studies has been observed. The developed composite is deemed suitable for various light-duty applications, such as roofing, car interior panels, and mobile covers, offering potential benefits in reducing carbon footprint.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted fabrication of high-strength natural fiber hybrid composites for sustainable applications: An experimental and computational study","authors":"Ravi Vijaykumar Sevak, Ramesh Gupta Burela, Gaurav Arora, Ankit Gupta","doi":"10.1177/14644207241269567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241269567","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the fabrication of hybrid composites using biodegradable and ecologically friendly natural fibers and a recyclable thermoplastic matrix. Pure and hybrid natural fiber composites of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with Kenaf and Ramie fiber, 20 wt%, were fabricated using microwave-assisted compression molding. The composite's mechanical characterization was performed using tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests. X-ray diffraction was done to investigate the crystallinity percentage, and scanning electron microscopy of fractured surfaces was performed to determine failure mechanisms. The hybrid composite of HDPE/Ramie and Kenaf exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 29.3 ± 1.2 MPa, surpassing HDPE/Kenaf (21.6 ± 1.1 MPa) and HDPE/Ramie (24.3 ± 1.4 MPa) composites. In terms of flexural strength, HDPE/Ramie demonstrated the highest at 19.9 ± 1.5 MPa, while HDPE/Kenaf had the lowest at 18 ± 1.1 MPa. The hybrid composite's flexural strength was intermediate at 19 ± 1.3 MPa. Impact strength followed a similar trend, with the hybrid composite leading at 40.2 KJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, followed by HDPE/Ramie (26.9 KJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) and HDPE/Kenaf (12.3 KJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>). Hardness tests revealed the highest hardness in the hybrid composite and the lowest in HDPE/Kenaf. A computational study has been performed to develop a model for predicting the hybrid composites. A strong agreement between both studies has been observed. The developed composite is deemed suitable for various light-duty applications, such as roofing, car interior panels, and mobile covers, offering potential benefits in reducing carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1177/14644207241269598
GN Shiva Kumar, G Raja murugan
In this study, a comparison between linear and zigzag patterned holes is carried out where the holes in the pattern are incorporated with tialite/aluminium titanate (Al2TiO5) particles at the weldment region during friction stir welding of AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy. Different values of tool rotational speed (TRS: 1000, 1200 and 1400 rpm) and welding speed (WS: 35, 40 and 45 mm/min) are considered for the fabrication of joints by both patterns. Visually, no defects are found in all the welded samples. Microstructural analysis has proven that the uniform distribution of particles along the weld region can be obtained by using a zigzag pattern. Maximum hardness is found in the stir zone (SZ), whereas minimum hardness is found in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) for all the samples. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS: 268 MPa), maximum yield strength (YS: 200 MPa) and relatively higher elongation (EL: 7.89%) are exhibited by the Z5 sample, whereas minimum UTS (206 MPa) and minimum YS (142 MPa) was exhibited by L3 and Z7 samples, respectively.
{"title":"A comparative study on mechanical properties between linear and zigzag pattern holes reinforced with tialite particles during FSW of AA6082 alloy","authors":"GN Shiva Kumar, G Raja murugan","doi":"10.1177/14644207241269598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241269598","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a comparison between linear and zigzag patterned holes is carried out where the holes in the pattern are incorporated with tialite/aluminium titanate (Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>TiO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>) particles at the weldment region during friction stir welding of AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy. Different values of tool rotational speed (TRS: 1000, 1200 and 1400 rpm) and welding speed (WS: 35, 40 and 45 mm/min) are considered for the fabrication of joints by both patterns. Visually, no defects are found in all the welded samples. Microstructural analysis has proven that the uniform distribution of particles along the weld region can be obtained by using a zigzag pattern. Maximum hardness is found in the stir zone (SZ), whereas minimum hardness is found in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) for all the samples. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS: 268 MPa), maximum yield strength (YS: 200 MPa) and relatively higher elongation (EL: 7.89%) are exhibited by the Z5 sample, whereas minimum UTS (206 MPa) and minimum YS (142 MPa) was exhibited by L3 and Z7 samples, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1177/14644207241269652
Prashant Kaushik, Shashi Prakash
Aluminum-Magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy is widely used in aerospace and marine related applications due to its high corrosion resistance, tensile strength and ductility properties. However, due to hydrophilic nature, its applications are restricted in areas where water absorption may cause problems like corrosion. In this research work, high speed laser texturing was carried out on Al-Mg alloy (AA5754) to improve hydrophobic properties of the material surface. Four different types of pattern, namely lines, grids, concentric circles and concentric rectangles were created on the material surface using a nanosecond fiber laser. Scanning speed was varied at two levels i.e., 500 mm/s and 1000 mm/s. Line density of texture designs was also varied at two levels of 10 lines per mm and 15 lines per mm. The texturing process was carried out in two different processing environment namely open air and in underwater condition. Distilled water with 1 mm thickness above the surface was used during underwater texturing condition. Surface morphology, surface roughness and wettability of all the surfaces were studied for all the experimental conditions. It was observed that lower scanning speed of 500 mm/s resulted in higher values of surface roughness and contact angles. Also, larger texture density leads to lower surface roughness and contact angles for all the pattern designs. Among all the studied texture patterns, grid structures, textured at 500 mm/s of scanning speed resulted in largest surface roughness and surface hydrophobicity.
{"title":"Investigation of open air and under water laser surface texturing on surface roughness and wettability of Al-Mg alloy","authors":"Prashant Kaushik, Shashi Prakash","doi":"10.1177/14644207241269652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241269652","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum-Magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy is widely used in aerospace and marine related applications due to its high corrosion resistance, tensile strength and ductility properties. However, due to hydrophilic nature, its applications are restricted in areas where water absorption may cause problems like corrosion. In this research work, high speed laser texturing was carried out on Al-Mg alloy (AA5754) to improve hydrophobic properties of the material surface. Four different types of pattern, namely lines, grids, concentric circles and concentric rectangles were created on the material surface using a nanosecond fiber laser. Scanning speed was varied at two levels i.e., 500 mm/s and 1000 mm/s. Line density of texture designs was also varied at two levels of 10 lines per mm and 15 lines per mm. The texturing process was carried out in two different processing environment namely open air and in underwater condition. Distilled water with 1 mm thickness above the surface was used during underwater texturing condition. Surface morphology, surface roughness and wettability of all the surfaces were studied for all the experimental conditions. It was observed that lower scanning speed of 500 mm/s resulted in higher values of surface roughness and contact angles. Also, larger texture density leads to lower surface roughness and contact angles for all the pattern designs. Among all the studied texture patterns, grid structures, textured at 500 mm/s of scanning speed resulted in largest surface roughness and surface hydrophobicity.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1177/14644207241270799
Chandrahasa Chowdeswarihalli Narayanappa, Beemkumar Nagappan, P Vignesh, Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam
This study presents the fabrication and comparative assessment of biodegradation and biocompatibility behaviors of pure Mg, Mg/HA (Hydroxyapatite), Mg-Zn/HA, and Mg-Sn/HA composites with fixed 5 wt% HA and 1 wt% each of Zn and Sn, using novel ultrasonic-assisted rheo casting technology. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy integrated with energy dispersive spectroscopy, were employed to analyze phase formation, surface morphology, and elemental composition. Microhardness tests were conducted to assess indentation resistance, while in vitro corrosion performance was evaluated in simulated bodily fluid to compare degradation behavior. Results indicate a uniform distribution of reinforced particles within the matrix with minimal casting defects. Intermetallic phases MgZn and Mg2Sn precipitated along grain boundaries in Mg-Zn/HA and Mg-Sn/HA composites. The Mg-Sn/HA composite exhibited peak microhardness (94.8 HV) due to precipitation strengthening. In contrast, Mg-Zn/HA samples showed a low degradation rate (0.19 mm/yr) and H2 gas evolution rate (0.035 ml/mm2), attributed to uniform distribution of secondary phases and fine grains that mitigate galvanic cell formation and control degradation. Cell viability assay results demonstrated that Mg-Zn/HA composite outperformed all other samples, showing a 94% relative cell growth rate of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells after 2 h of incubation, attributed to strong apatite formation (rich in Ca and P) on the surface post-immersion, promoting cell proliferation.
{"title":"Assessment of biodegradability and biocompatibility: An experimental and comparative analysis of magnesium and magnesium-(zinc-tin)/hydroxyapatite composites","authors":"Chandrahasa Chowdeswarihalli Narayanappa, Beemkumar Nagappan, P Vignesh, Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam","doi":"10.1177/14644207241270799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241270799","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the fabrication and comparative assessment of biodegradation and biocompatibility behaviors of pure Mg, Mg/HA (Hydroxyapatite), Mg-Zn/HA, and Mg-Sn/HA composites with fixed 5 wt% HA and 1 wt% each of Zn and Sn, using novel ultrasonic-assisted rheo casting technology. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy integrated with energy dispersive spectroscopy, were employed to analyze phase formation, surface morphology, and elemental composition. Microhardness tests were conducted to assess indentation resistance, while in vitro corrosion performance was evaluated in simulated bodily fluid to compare degradation behavior. Results indicate a uniform distribution of reinforced particles within the matrix with minimal casting defects. Intermetallic phases MgZn and Mg<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Sn precipitated along grain boundaries in Mg-Zn/HA and Mg-Sn/HA composites. The Mg-Sn/HA composite exhibited peak microhardness (94.8 HV) due to precipitation strengthening. In contrast, Mg-Zn/HA samples showed a low degradation rate (0.19 mm/yr) and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> gas evolution rate (0.035 ml/mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), attributed to uniform distribution of secondary phases and fine grains that mitigate galvanic cell formation and control degradation. Cell viability assay results demonstrated that Mg-Zn/HA composite outperformed all other samples, showing a 94% relative cell growth rate of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells after 2 h of incubation, attributed to strong apatite formation (rich in Ca and P) on the surface post-immersion, promoting cell proliferation.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1177/14644207241270761
L Brieskorn, M Rahman
Aircraft CFRP parts as sharklets are produced in resin transfer molding (RTM) tooling. The parts need to be heated up homogenously over the whole area with a constant temperature. The complex shape and accessibility of the tooling make it hard to introduce a common heating system. In addition, the heat must be transferred through the Invar metal tooling structure onto the CFRP. Infrared lamp, air fan and microwave heating are concepts in development. Electrical heating layer mats and cages are laborious in applying. Induction has the advantage of contact-less, efficient, and fast heating. Induction heating was tested for the structural bonding of CFRP frames and stringers showing high bonding strengths. To apply this technology for the RTM tooling, the placement and distance of the induction coils is important. Simulation can help to find the right adjustments and power needed for induction heating. With the program COMSOL the surface and the coils are modeled, and the numerically structured net is divided in small tetrahedron and quadratic sub elements. Since there is no magnetic streamline in the middle of the coil-section, a symmetric halving of the structure is applied as a boundary condition. The temperature-time development and the distance of the coils are simulated in 2D and 3D. Due to the material properties of the magnetic flux concentrator (MFC), higher flux concentration of the magnetic field occurred only in 2D. The results are validated by experiments and are in good agreement.
{"title":"Induction heating simulation for aircraft RTM toolings","authors":"L Brieskorn, M Rahman","doi":"10.1177/14644207241270761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241270761","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft CFRP parts as sharklets are produced in resin transfer molding (RTM) tooling. The parts need to be heated up homogenously over the whole area with a constant temperature. The complex shape and accessibility of the tooling make it hard to introduce a common heating system. In addition, the heat must be transferred through the Invar metal tooling structure onto the CFRP. Infrared lamp, air fan and microwave heating are concepts in development. Electrical heating layer mats and cages are laborious in applying. Induction has the advantage of contact-less, efficient, and fast heating. Induction heating was tested for the structural bonding of CFRP frames and stringers showing high bonding strengths. To apply this technology for the RTM tooling, the placement and distance of the induction coils is important. Simulation can help to find the right adjustments and power needed for induction heating. With the program COMSOL the surface and the coils are modeled, and the numerically structured net is divided in small tetrahedron and quadratic sub elements. Since there is no magnetic streamline in the middle of the coil-section, a symmetric halving of the structure is applied as a boundary condition. The temperature-time development and the distance of the coils are simulated in 2D and 3D. Due to the material properties of the magnetic flux concentrator (MFC), higher flux concentration of the magnetic field occurred only in 2D. The results are validated by experiments and are in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/14644207241266661
Manavendra Mishra, SB Mishra, DK Shukla
A microwave hybrid heating technique was used to develop a protective composite cladding of Ni-13%WC8Co over AISI-316 stainless steel. The metallurgical and mechanical characterizations were done using XRD, SEM, EDS, and Vickers microhardness testers. The erosion wear was assessed at impact angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° and a velocity of 40 m/s. The dilution of clad material with steel resulted in good metallurgical bonding between the two. The SEM images have shown the hard cemented carbides within the soft nickel matrix. The diffraction pattern indicated the formation of WC, NiW, FeNi3, Co2C, and Co3W3C2 phases. Ni-13%WC8Co clad has a microhardness value of 1000.8 HV and a four times lower erosion rate than AISI-316 stainless steel. The craters, scratches and plowing marks are observed on the eroded clad surface. The erosion wear mechanism of Ni-WC-Co clad was mixed ductile-brittle, with an overall lower erosion rate.
{"title":"Characterization and erosion wear behavior of Ni-13%WC8Co microwave clad on AISI-316 steel","authors":"Manavendra Mishra, SB Mishra, DK Shukla","doi":"10.1177/14644207241266661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207241266661","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave hybrid heating technique was used to develop a protective composite cladding of Ni-13%WC8Co over AISI-316 stainless steel. The metallurgical and mechanical characterizations were done using XRD, SEM, EDS, and Vickers microhardness testers. The erosion wear was assessed at impact angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° and a velocity of 40 m/s. The dilution of clad material with steel resulted in good metallurgical bonding between the two. The SEM images have shown the hard cemented carbides within the soft nickel matrix. The diffraction pattern indicated the formation of WC, NiW, FeNi<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Co<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>C, and Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>W<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>C<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> phases. Ni-13%WC8Co clad has a microhardness value of 1000.8 HV and a four times lower erosion rate than AISI-316 stainless steel. The craters, scratches and plowing marks are observed on the eroded clad surface. The erosion wear mechanism of Ni-WC-Co clad was mixed ductile-brittle, with an overall lower erosion rate.","PeriodicalId":20630,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/14644207241265465
Vinay Kumar Prajapati, Jeyaraj Pitchaimani
Flutter characteristics of auxetic core quadrilateral sandwich plates with three-phase bio-inspired laminated composite facings are presented. The core is made of aluminum, while the facings are made of graphene nanoplatelets dispersed in bio-inspired glass fiber/epoxy laminates. The equations of motion are obtained using Reissner-Mindlin plate theory and Hamilton’s approach and then solved with the help of differential quadrature method. Experimental verification of free vibration is done for isotropic and hexagonal honeycomb core sandwich panels. Influences of core parameters (aspect ratio, inclined angle, and thickness-to-width ratio), mass fraction of graphene nanoplatelets and fibers, various graphene nanoplatelet distribution patterns, the geometry and aspect ratio of the plate, and bio-inspired layup scheme of laminated facings on the flutter characteristic are explored. The critical aerodynamic pressure is not sensitive to the core parameters and the dispersion pattern of graphene nanoplatelets. Critical aerodynamic pressure of the panel increases significantly with increase in the mass fractions of fiber and graphene nanoplatelet. Furthermore, the increase in the plate angles results in reduced critical aerodynamic pressure. Facing laminate made of helicoidal type bio-inspired lay-up scheme with lower rotation angle enhances the critical aerodynamic pressure compared to the conventional uni-directional, cross-ply, and quasi-isotropic lay-ups.
本文介绍了带有三相生物启发层压复合材料面层的辅助磁芯四边形夹层板的扑翼特性。板芯由铝制成，板面由分散在生物启发玻璃纤维/环氧层压板中的石墨烯纳米片制成。利用 Reissner-Mindlin 板理论和 Hamilton 方法获得了运动方程，然后借助微分正交法进行了求解。对各向同性和六边形蜂窝芯夹层板的自由振动进行了实验验证。研究探讨了夹芯参数（长宽比、倾斜角和厚宽比）、石墨烯纳米片和纤维的质量分数、各种石墨烯纳米片分布模式、板的几何形状和长宽比以及层压面的生物启发分层方案对扑翼特性的影响。临界气动压力对核心参数和石墨烯纳米片的分散模式并不敏感。随着纤维和石墨烯纳米片质量分数的增加，面板的临界气动压力显著增加。此外，板角的增加也会降低临界空气动力压力。与传统的单向层压、交叉层压和准各向同性层压相比，采用旋转角度较小的螺旋型生物启发层压方案制成的面层板可提高临界空气动力压力。
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