Quantification of delamination resistance data of FRP composites and its limits

AJ Brunner
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Abstract

Quantitative delamination resistance data of fibre-reinforced polymer-matrix (FRP) composites for quasi-static or cyclic fatigue loads are determined under different loading modes and load rates, respectively. Such data find use, e.g., in FRP materials’ development, materials’ selection, assessment of durability, or structural design. Round robins during test development yielded repeatability and reproducibility (coefficients of variation) of roughly 10 to 25%. This scatter has several different sources. Intrinsic material variability amounts to a few percent at best, at least for advanced manufacturing processes. This intrinsic scatter is essential for material comparisons and structural design. Measurement resolution specified in standardised test procedures yields a maximum of 4–5% variability. Most of the remaining scatter comes from other, extrinsic sources. Test operator actions, e.g., choice of test set-up, manual data acquisition or data analysis can yield extrinsic scatter. Damage mechanisms during delamination initiation and propagation act on the micro- and meso-scale, typically a few micrometer to a few hundred micrometer in size, with corresponding time-scales estimated to between a few tens of nanoseconds and a few microseconds. Defect size-scales are hence several orders of magnitudes lower than test specimen and structural scales, respectively. Predictive capability of models using such test data for structures are, therefore, limited. Major issues are up-scaling from straight beam-like specimens to larger shell-like structures, possibly with complex shape and varying thickness as well as from unidirectional fibre orientation to multidirectional lay-ups.
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FRP 复合材料抗分层数据的量化及其限制
在不同的加载模式和加载速率下,分别测定了纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(FRP)在准静态或循环疲劳载荷下的抗分层定量数据。这些数据可用于玻璃纤维增强材料的开发、材料选择、耐久性评估或结构设计。测试开发过程中的循环测试得出的重复性和再现性(变异系数)大约为 10%至 25%。这种差异有几个不同的来源。材料的内在变异性最多只有百分之几,至少对于先进的制造工艺来说是这样。这种内在散差对于材料比较和结构设计至关重要。标准化测试程序中规定的测量分辨率最多只能产生 4-5% 的变化。剩下的大部分散差来自其他外在因素。测试操作人员的行为,如测试设置的选择、手动数据采集或数据分析,都会产生外在散差。分层引发和传播过程中的损伤机制作用于微米和中微米尺度,通常为几微米到几百微米大小,相应的时间尺度估计在几十纳秒到几微秒之间。因此,缺陷尺寸尺度分别比测试样本和结构尺度低几个数量级。因此,使用此类测试数据建立的结构模型的预测能力有限。主要问题是从直梁试样升级到更大的壳状结构(可能具有复杂形状和不同厚度),以及从单向纤维取向升级到多向铺层。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
166
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Materials: Design and Applications covers the usage and design of materials for application in an engineering context. The materials covered include metals, ceramics, and composites, as well as engineering polymers. "The Journal of Materials Design and Applications is dedicated to publishing papers of the highest quality, in a timely fashion, covering a variety of important areas in materials technology. The Journal''s publishers have a wealth of publishing expertise and ensure that authors are given exemplary service. Every attention is given to publishing the papers as quickly as possible. The Journal has an excellent international reputation, with a corresponding international Editorial Board from a large number of different materials areas and disciplines advising the Editor." Professor Bill Banks - University of Strathclyde, UK This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
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