Instant Upcycling of Microplastics into Graphene and Its Environmental Application

IF 11.1 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Small Science Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.1002/smsc.202400176
Muhammad Adeel Zafar, Mohan V. Jacob
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Abstract

Microplastic pollution poses a growing threat to ecosystems globally, necessitating sustainable solutions. This study explores upcycling microplastics into graphene as a promising approach Traditional methods like pyrolysis and catalytic carbonization are slow and compromise graphene quality. Flash Joule heating is fast but energy-intensive and hard to control. In contrast, atmospheric pressure microwave plasma (APMP) synthesis, the proposed technique, offers a one-step, environmentally friendly alternative. APMP operates at relatively lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption and providing precise control over process parameters. This study demonstrates that polyethylene microplastics from waste dropper bottles can be efficiently transformed into graphene using APMP synthesis. Raman spectroscopy of synthesized material reveals a spectrum characteristic of graphene-based materials, with indications of defects and the presence of oxygen content. X-ray diffraction illustrates the characteristic graphitic lattice, with a slightly larger interlayer spacing attributed to intercalated functional groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms sp2 hybridized carbon as the major component. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy provides insights into the multilayered structure and variations in interlayer spacing. The as-synthesized pristine graphene exhibits nearly ten times greater efficiency in adsorbing perfluorooctanoic acid compared to the oxidized form of graphene, although it is slightly less effective than graphene-based nanocomposites.

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将微塑料瞬间升华为石墨烯及其环保应用
微塑料污染对全球生态系统构成日益严重的威胁,需要可持续的解决方案。本研究探讨了将微塑料升级再造为石墨烯这一前景广阔的方法。传统方法,如热解和催化碳化,不仅速度慢,而且会影响石墨烯的质量。闪焦耳加热速度快,但能源密集且难以控制。相比之下,大气压微波等离子体(APMP)合成技术提供了一种一步到位的环保替代方法。APMP 在相对较低的温度下运行,可降低能耗并精确控制工艺参数。本研究证明,利用 APMP 合成技术可以将废弃滴管瓶中的聚乙烯微塑料高效转化为石墨烯。合成材料的拉曼光谱显示出石墨烯基材料的光谱特征,并显示出缺陷和氧含量。X 射线衍射显示了石墨晶格的特征,层间距稍大,这归因于插层官能团。X 射线光电子能谱证实 sp2 杂化碳是主要成分。高分辨率透射电子显微镜可深入了解多层结构和层间距的变化。与氧化形式的石墨烯相比,合成的原始石墨烯吸附全氟辛酸的效率几乎高出十倍,但与石墨烯基纳米复合材料相比,吸附效率略低。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
2.40%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Small Science is a premium multidisciplinary open access journal dedicated to publishing impactful research from all areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It features interdisciplinary original research and focused review articles on relevant topics. The journal covers design, characterization, mechanism, technology, and application of micro-/nanoscale structures and systems in various fields including physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, environmental science, life science, biology, and medicine. It welcomes innovative interdisciplinary research and its readership includes professionals from academia and industry in fields such as chemistry, physics, materials science, biology, engineering, and environmental and analytical science. Small Science is indexed and abstracted in CAS, DOAJ, Clarivate Analytics, ProQuest Central, Publicly Available Content Database, Science Database, SCOPUS, and Web of Science.
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