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Multi-Organ Microphysiological Systems Targeting Specific Organs for Recapitulating Disease Phenotypes via Organ Crosstalk 针对特定器官的多器官微观生理系统,通过器官串联重现疾病表型
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400314
Joeng Ju Kim, Mihyeon Bae, Dong-Woo Cho
Various systemic metabolic diseases arise from prolonged crosstalk across multiple organs, triggering serious impairments in various physiological systems. These diseases are intricate systemic pathologies characterized by complex mechanisms and an unclear etiology, making the treatment challenging. Efforts have been made to develop in vitro models to understand these diseases and devise new treatments. However, there are limitations in reconstructing the causal relationships between diseases and interorgan crosstalk, including the tissue-specific microenvironment. Alternatively, multi-organ microphysiological systems (MOMPS) present new possibilities for capturing the complexity of systemic metabolic diseases by replicating human microphysiology and simulating diverse interorgan crosstalk. Controlled interactions and scalable representations of biological complexity in MOMPS offer a more accurate portrayal of organ interactions, enabling the identification of novel relationships between organ crosstalk, metabolism, and immunity. This, in turn, can yield valuable insights into disease mechanisms and drug development research and enhance the efficiency of preclinical studies. In this review, the examples and technical capabilities of MOMPS pathological modeling for various diseases are discussed, leveraging state-of-the-art biofabrication technology of MOMPS. It evaluates the current opportunities and challenges in this field.
各种全身性代谢疾病源于多个器官之间的长期串扰,引发各种生理系统的严重损伤。这些疾病是错综复杂的系统性病理现象,其特点是机制复杂、病因不明,因此治疗难度很大。人们一直在努力开发体外模型,以了解这些疾病并设计新的治疗方法。然而,在重建疾病之间的因果关系和器官间串扰(包括组织特异性微环境)方面存在局限性。另外,多器官微观生理学系统(MOMPS)通过复制人体微观生理学和模拟不同器官间的串扰,为捕捉系统性代谢疾病的复杂性提供了新的可能性。MOMPS 中受控的交互作用和可扩展的生物复杂性表征更准确地描绘了器官之间的交互作用,从而能够识别器官串扰、新陈代谢和免疫之间的新型关系。这反过来又能为疾病机制和药物开发研究提供有价值的见解,并提高临床前研究的效率。在这篇综述中,讨论了利用最先进的 MOMPS 生物制造技术为各种疾病建立 MOMPS 病理模型的实例和技术能力。它评估了该领域当前的机遇和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Zintl-Phase CaAgSb Induced by Interface and Superlattice Scattering 由界面和超晶格散射诱导的津特尔相 CaAgSb 的超低晶格导热率
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400147
Wenhua Xue, Jie Chen, Honghao Yao, Jun Mao, Chen Chen, Yumei Wang, Qian Zhang
Zintl phases attract extensive attention due to the characteristic of “electron-crystal, phonon glass”. In this work, an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity ≈0.59 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K and ≈0.3 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K is obtained in CaAgSb Zintl phase, which is much lower than that of other well-known Zintl compounds. The origin of this ultralow lattice thermal conductivity is explored through first-principles calculations and Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Theoretical phonon calculations provide evidence for complex phonon characteristics such as avoided-crossing effect and low-frequency flat band that favor the low lattice thermal conductivity. Moreover, subsequent microstructure results reveal abundant structural defects created in the CaAgSb sample, including superlattice structure and interface structure, which further contribute to the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity.
Zintl 相因其 "电子晶体、声子玻璃 "的特性而受到广泛关注。在这项研究中,CaAgSb Zintl 相在 300 K 时的超低晶格热导率≈0.59 W m-1 K-1,在 623 K 时的超低晶格热导率≈0.3 W m-1 K-1,远低于其他著名的 Zintl 化合物。我们通过第一原理计算和铯校正扫描透射电子显微镜探究了这种超低晶格热导率的来源。理论声子计算证明了声子的复杂特性,如避免交叉效应和低频平带,这有利于实现低晶格热导率。此外,随后的微观结构结果表明,钙银锑样品中存在大量结构缺陷,包括超晶格结构和界面结构,这进一步促进了超低晶格热导率的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Transformative Impact of Nanocarrier-Mediated Drug Delivery: Overcoming Biological Barriers and Expanding Therapeutic Horizons 纳米载体介导的药物传输的变革性影响:克服生物障碍,拓展治疗领域
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400280
Minhye Kim, Myeongyeon Shin, Yaping Zhao, Mrinmoy Ghosh, Young-Ok Son
Advancing therapeutic progress is centered on developing drug delivery systems (DDS) that control therapeutic molecule release, ensuring precise targeting and optimal concentrations. Targeted DDS enhances treatment efficacy and minimizes off-target effects, but struggles with drug degradation. Over the last three decades, nanopharmaceuticals have evolved from laboratory concepts into clinical products, highlighting the profound impact of nanotechnology in medicine. Despite advancements, the effective delivery of therapeutics remains challenging because of biological barriers. Nanocarriers offer a solution with a small size, high surface-to-volume ratios, and customizable properties. These systems address physiological and biological challenges, such as shear stress, protein adsorption, and quick clearance. They allow targeted delivery to specific tissues, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce adverse effects. Nanocarriers exhibit controlled release, decreased degradation, and enhanced efficacy. Their size facilitates cell membrane penetration and intracellular delivery. Surface modifications increase affinity for specific cell types, allowing precise treatment delivery. This study also elucidates the potential integration of artificial intelligence with nanoscience to innovate future nanocarrier systems.
推动治疗进展的核心是开发能够控制治疗分子释放、确保精确靶向和最佳浓度的给药系统(DDS)。靶向给药系统可提高疗效,最大限度地减少脱靶效应,但也存在药物降解的问题。在过去三十年中,纳米药物已从实验室概念发展成为临床产品,凸显了纳米技术对医学的深远影响。尽管取得了进步,但由于生物障碍,有效输送治疗药物仍是一项挑战。纳米载体以其体积小、高表面体积比和可定制的特性提供了一种解决方案。这些系统可应对剪切应力、蛋白质吸附和快速清除等生理和生物挑战。它们可以定向输送到特定组织,改善治疗效果,减少不良反应。纳米载体具有控释、减少降解和提高疗效的特点。它们的尺寸有利于细胞膜穿透和细胞内输送。表面修饰可增加对特定细胞类型的亲和力,从而实现精确的治疗递送。这项研究还阐明了人工智能与纳米科学的潜在结合,以创新未来的纳米载体系统。
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引用次数: 0
Inflammatory or Reparative? Tuning Macrophage Polarization Using Anodized Anisotropic Nanoporous Titanium Implant Surfaces 炎症还是修复?利用阳极氧化各向异性纳米多孔钛种植体表面调节巨噬细胞极化
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400211
Ho-Jin Moon, Karan Gulati, Tao Li, Corey Stephen Moran, Sašo Ivanovski
Modulating macrophage phenotype based on implant surface characteristics, including topography and chemistry, has been employed to enhance osseointegration and long-term functional outcomes for titanium (Ti)-based implants. An excessive and/or prolonged M1 macrophage response can lead to damaging immune-inflammatory reactions, negatively influencing the fate of the implant, and hence, modulating these responses via nanoscale implant surface modification is an emerging paradigm. Herein, an anodized titanium implant surface based on single-step electrochemical anodization, with preserved underlying microfeatures and superimposed nanopores (50 and 70 nm), compared with irregular rough and microrough (machined-like) surfaces, is investigated for its effect on the functions of primary macrophages in vitro. Significantly reduced macrophage proliferation and increased tissue-reparative M2 phenotype polarization are confirmed for the nanopores, which are more pronounced for 70 nm diameter. Moreover, osteoclastogenesis is reduced while osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts is enhanced for the nanopores (higher for 70 nm pores). Advanced nanoengineered Ti implants can enhance titanium implant tissue integration by modulating the inflammatory response at the implant–cell interface.
根据植入物表面特征(包括形貌和化学性质)调节巨噬细胞表型已被用于增强钛(Ti)基植入物的骨结合和长期功能效果。过度和/或长时间的 M1 巨噬细胞反应会导致破坏性免疫炎症反应,对植入物的命运产生负面影响,因此,通过纳米级植入物表面改性来调节这些反应是一种新兴的范例。本文研究了基于单步电化学阳极氧化处理的钛植入体表面,与不规则粗糙和微粗糙(类似机械加工)表面相比,该表面保留了底层微特征和叠加的纳米孔(50 纳米和 70 纳米),研究了其对体外原发性巨噬细胞功能的影响。结果表明,纳米孔明显减少了巨噬细胞的增殖,并增加了组织修复的 M2 表型极化,直径为 70 nm 的纳米孔效果更明显。此外,纳米孔减少了破骨细胞的生成,同时增强了成骨细胞的成骨分化(70 纳米孔的成骨分化更高)。先进的纳米工程钛植入物可以通过调节植入物-细胞界面的炎症反应来增强钛植入物的组织整合。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible Phototransistors on Paper: Scalable Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Devices Using a Pen Plotter 纸上柔性光电晶体管:使用笔式绘图仪大规模制造 PEDOT:PSS 器件
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400063
Yigit Sozen, Gülsüm Ersu, Thomas Pucher, Jorge Quereda, Andres Castellanos-Gomez
Phototransistors are used in plenty of diverse applications such as optical communication systems, light sensors, imaging devices, and biomedical instruments for detecting and amplifying light signals. Herein, an approach for the large-scale production of low-cost and flexible phototransistors by integrating the inks of PEDOT:PSS, and graphite with paper, which serves as an ionic conductor material to gate the PEDOT:PSS channel, is proposed. The fabrication of the devices is carried out by sequentially depositing the PEDOT:PSS channel and graphite electrodes onto paper using a benchtop XY plotter. To characterize device-to-device variability, 200 devices are fabricated and their electrical and optical properties are statistically analyzed. By performing a detailed characterization on the optical properties under varying wavelength, power, and bias conditions, it is found that devices exhibit good photoresponse across a wide spectrum range. Moreover, devices maintain their photoactive characteristics even when subjected to high mechanical tensile strain, indicating the suitability of these paper-supported devices for flexible electronic applications. Time and photocurrent magnitude can be tuned via gate voltages applied through the graphite-based back-gate configuration.
光电晶体管应用广泛,如用于检测和放大光信号的光通信系统、光传感器、成像设备和生物医学仪器。本文提出了一种大规模生产低成本柔性光电晶体管的方法,将 PEDOT:PSS 油墨和石墨与纸张(作为离子导体材料栅极 PEDOT:PSS 沟道)集成在一起。利用台式 XY 绘图仪将 PEDOT:PSS 沟道和石墨电极依次沉积到纸上,从而制造出器件。为了表征器件之间的变异性,共制作了 200 个器件,并对其电气和光学特性进行了统计分析。通过对不同波长、功率和偏置条件下的光学特性进行详细描述,发现器件在很宽的光谱范围内都表现出良好的光响应。此外,即使在机械拉伸应变较大的情况下,器件仍能保持光活性特性,这表明这些纸支撑器件适用于柔性电子应用。通过基于石墨的后栅配置施加栅极电压,可以调整时间和光电流大小。
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引用次数: 0
Tunneling Mechanisms of Quinones in Photosynthetic Reaction Center–Light Harvesting 1 Supercomplexes 光合作用反应中心-光收集 1 超级复合物中醌的隧道机制
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400188
Ruichao Mao, Jianping Guo, Lihua Bie, Lu-Ning Liu, Jun Gao
In photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed and transferred to the reaction center, ultimately leading to the reduction of quinone molecules through the electron transfer chain. The oxidation and reduction of quinones generate an electrochemical potential difference used for adenosine triphosphate synthesis. The trafficking of quinone/quinol molecules between electron transport components has been a long-standing question. Here, an atomic-level investigation into the molecular mechanism of quinol dissociation in the photosynthetic reaction center–light-harvesting complex 1 (RC–LH1) supercomplexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with self-random acceleration MD-MD simulations and umbrella sampling methods, is conducted. Results reveal a significant increase in the mobility of quinone molecules upon reduction within RC–LH1, which is accompanied by conformational modifications in the local protein environment. Quinol molecules have a tendency to escape from RC–LH1 in a tail-first mode, exhibiting channel selectivity, with distinct preferred dissociation pathways in the closed and open LH1 rings. Furthermore, comparative analysis of free energy profiles indicates that alternations in the protein environment accelerate the dissociation of quinol molecules through the open LH1 ring. In particular, aromatic amino acids form π-stacking interactions with the quinol headgroup, resembling the key components in a conveyor belt system. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern quinone/quinol exchange in bacterial photosynthesis and lays the framework for tuning electron flow and energy conversion to improve metabolic performance.
在光合作用中,光能被吸收并传递到反应中心,最终通过电子传递链导致醌分子还原。醌的氧化和还原产生电化学电位差,用于合成三磷酸腺苷。醌/醌醇分子在电子传递元件之间的流动是一个长期存在的问题。本文采用经典分子动力学(MD)模拟结合自随机加速 MD-MD 模拟和伞状取样方法,从原子水平研究了来自浅色红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)的光合反应中心-采光复合物 1(RC-LH1)超级复合物中醌解离的分子机制。结果表明,醌分子在 RC-LH1 内还原时的流动性显著增加,同时伴随着局部蛋白质环境的构象改变。醌分子倾向于以尾先模式从 RC-LH1 中逃逸,表现出通道选择性,在封闭和开放的 LH1 环中有不同的优先解离途径。此外,自由能曲线的比较分析表明,蛋白质环境的变化会加速醌醇分子通过开放的 LH1 环解离。特别是,芳香族氨基酸与醌头基团形成π堆叠相互作用,类似于传送带系统中的关键部件。这项研究深入揭示了支配细菌光合作用中醌/喹啉交换的分子机制,并为调整电子流和能量转换以提高代谢性能奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Space-Confined Growth of Ultrathin 2D β-Ga2O3 Nanoflakes for Artificial Neuromorphic Application 用于人工神经形态应用的超薄二维 β-Ga2O3 纳米片的空间限制生长
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400241
Mingli Liu, Shuai Liu, Jian Yao, Yu Teng, Lin Geng, Alei Li, Lin Wang, Yunfei Li, Qing Guo, Zongjie Shen, Lixing Kang, Mingsheng Long
In recent years, wide-bandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3 material has been widely studied because of its excellent properties. Simultaneously, 2D metal oxides (2DMOs) have also become a focus of research owing to their superior stability and unique physical properties arising from quantum confinement effects. Therefore, the exploration of 2D β-Ga2O3 is expected to reveal its novel electrical properties in electronic applications. However, the synthesis of high-quality 2D β-Ga2O3 remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a confined space is constructed to synthesize high-quality 2D β-Ga2O3 nanoflakes by enhancing the control of the kinetics of chemical vapor deposition process. In the device results, it is shown that the grown nanoflakes have excellent switching properties and potential artificial synaptic response characteristics. Based on this premise, an artificial recognition system for handwritten numerals is developed, achieving a peak recognition accuracy of approximately 96%. This system holds significant potential for application within an emerging neuromorphic recognition framework tailored for advanced driver-assistance systems. In this work, a new feasible pathway is provided for the synthesis of 2D non-layered oxides and the potential of 2D oxides in the field of neuroanalog electronics and recognition is shown, thereby advancing the fields of 2D β-Ga2O3 electronics and 2DMOs electronics.
近年来,宽带隙半导体材料β-Ga2O3因其优异的性能而被广泛研究。与此同时,二维金属氧化物(2DMOs)也因其卓越的稳定性和量子约束效应所产生的独特物理性质而成为研究的焦点。因此,对二维 β-Ga2O3 的探索有望揭示其在电子应用中的新颖电学特性。然而,合成高质量的二维 β-Ga2O3 仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。本文通过加强化学气相沉积过程的动力学控制,构建了一个密闭空间来合成高质量的二维β-Ga2O3纳米片。装置结果表明,生长出的纳米片具有优异的开关特性和潜在的人工突触响应特性。在此基础上,开发出了手写数字人工识别系统,其峰值识别准确率达到约 96%。该系统在为高级驾驶辅助系统定制的新兴神经形态识别框架中具有巨大的应用潜力。这项工作为合成二维非层状氧化物提供了一条新的可行途径,并展示了二维氧化物在神经模拟电子学和识别领域的潜力,从而推动了二维 β-Ga2O3 电子学和二维多微米氧化物电子学领域的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Platinum Nanozyme Probes for Cellular Imaging by Electron Microscopy 用于电子显微镜细胞成像的铂纳米酶探针
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202470035
Elisa De Luca, Deborah Pedone, Anna Scarsi, Roberto Marotta, Federico Catalano, Doriana Debellis, Lorenzo Cursi, Benedetto Grimaldi, Mauro Moglianetti, Pier Paolo Pompa
Cellular Imaging
细胞成像
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Piezo1 Agonist Promoting Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Osteogenesis to Attenuate Disuse Osteoporosis 一种促进间充质干细胞增殖和骨生成的新型 Piezo1 激动剂,可减轻废用性骨质疏松症
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202470037
Ruihan Hao, Hairong Tang, Chunyong Ding, Bhavana Rajbanshi, Yuhang Liu, Ding Ma, Zhouyi Duan, Yuxin Qi, Liming Dai, Bingjun Zhang, Ao Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang
Piezo1 Agonist
Piezo1 激动剂
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引用次数: 0
Tuning the Immune Cell Response through Surface Nanotopography Engineering 通过表面纳米形貌工程调节免疫细胞反应
IF 12.7 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202470038
Raïssa Rathar, David Sanchez-Fuentes, Hugo Lachuer, Valentin Meire, Aude Boulay, Rudy Desgarceaux, Fabien P. Blanchet, Adrian Carretero-Genevrier, Laura Picas
Immune Cell Response
免疫细胞反应
{"title":"Tuning the Immune Cell Response through Surface Nanotopography Engineering","authors":"Raïssa Rathar, David Sanchez-Fuentes, Hugo Lachuer, Valentin Meire, Aude Boulay, Rudy Desgarceaux, Fabien P. Blanchet, Adrian Carretero-Genevrier, Laura Picas","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202470038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202470038","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Immune Cell Response</b>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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