Unexpected stability in faunal population abundances following an estuary-wide collapse of oysters

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.4857
Gabrielle D. Love, Zachary A. Siders, David A. Gandy, William E. Pine III, Shirley Baker, Edward V. Camp
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Abstract

Live oyster reefs are considered a critical recruitment habitat for estuarine faunal populations as localized in situ or mesocosm studies have demonstrated many faunal species prefer live oyster habitat. It has therefore been assumed that the loss of live oyster habitat would precipitate faunal population declines, but this has been largely untested at large (estuary) scales. Here, we assessed how estuary-wide faunal populations were affected by a 95% loss of live oyster habitat following the 2012 oyster collapse of Apalachicola Bay, FL, which previously supported one of the largest oyster fisheries in the United States. We standardized long-term fisheries-independent monitoring seine and trawl data to create relative indices of resident, associated, and transient faunal species' overall abundance and recruit abundance (restrictive to sizes between 15% and 35% of L $$ {L}_{\infty } $$ ). We expected that both relative abundance indices would decrease following the oyster collapse, particularly among species that reside on or recruit to oyster reefs. However, analyses via a series of one-sided Bayesian t tests did not indicate that faunal recruitment or overall abundance significantly declined in 2012 post-collapse. As the response of the faunal population could be lagged relative to the 2012 collapse, we also conducted change point analyses to search for lagged declines. Of the 24 relative abundance time series, only two had significant change points post-collapse, and only black sea bass overall relative abundance declined with an associated change point at the end of the time series. The surprising paucity of faunal decline following oyster loss may be due to the use of alternative habitat types, exceptionally lagged faunal responses, or, perhaps most compelling, a disconnect between preferred and required habitats. Our failure to detect faunal consequences following an oyster population collapse suggests that assumptions of habitat loss (or restoration) effects on estuarine fauna at ecosystem scales are not straightforward and the extrapolation of sub-estuary-scale studies may result in poor predictions of future outcomes.

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全河口牡蛎崩溃后动物种群丰度的意外稳定性
活牡蛎礁被认为是河口动物种群的重要繁殖栖息地,因为局部原位或中观生态研究表明,许多动物物种都喜欢活牡蛎栖息地。因此,人们一直认为失去活牡蛎栖息地会导致动物种群数量下降,但这在很大程度上尚未在大(河口)尺度上得到验证。在此,我们评估了佛罗里达州阿帕拉奇科拉湾在 2012 年牡蛎溃堤后,95% 的活牡蛎栖息地丧失对整个河口动物种群的影响。我们对独立于渔业的长期监测围网和拖网数据进行了标准化处理,以创建常住、相关和瞬时动物物种总体丰度和新生物丰度的相对指数(限制在 15%-35%)。我们预计,在牡蛎礁崩溃后,这两个相对丰度指数都会下降,尤其是在牡蛎礁上栖息或在牡蛎礁上繁殖的物种。然而,通过一系列单侧贝叶斯 t 检验进行的分析表明,2012 年牡蛎礁坍塌后,动物的招募量或总体丰度并没有显著下降。由于动物种群的反应可能滞后于 2012 年的崩溃,我们还进行了变化点分析,以寻找滞后的下降。在 24 个相对丰度时间序列中,只有两个在塌陷后有显著的变化点,只有黑海鲈的总体相对丰度下降,并在时间序列的末尾有相关的变化点。牡蛎消失后动物数量下降的情况少得令人吃惊,这可能是由于使用了其他类型的栖息地、动物反应异常滞后,或者最令人信服的原因是首选栖息地与所需栖息地之间的脱节。我们未能检测到牡蛎种群崩溃对动物造成的影响,这表明在生态系统尺度上假设栖息地丧失(或恢复)对河口动物的影响并不简单,对次河口尺度的研究进行外推可能会导致对未来结果的错误预测。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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