Leaf Micromorphological Assessment, Chemical Composition and Anatomical Responses of Trachyandra ciliata (L.F) Kunth to Different Degrees of Salinity

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Russian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.1134/s1021443723603695

S. Ngxabi, M. O. Jimoh, C. P. Laubscher, L. Kambizi

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Abstract

Many studies have examined the morphological and micromorphological responses of different halophytes to determine their salt tolerance mechanisms. However, few studies have focused on the South African edible halophytes. This study examined the leaf micromorphology, elemental composition, and anatomical responses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to examine salt tolerance levels in Trachyandra ciliata (L.F) Kunth. The treatments included varying sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM, while control (0 mM) was watered with nutrient solution only. From the SEM micrographs, salt glands were observed protruding from the epidermis along the vascular system under low salinity and salt crystals appeared under higher concentrations, which makes this plant maintain cellular homeostasis under high salinity, and the plant can be classified as a recretohalophyte. Stomatal distribution, stomatal density and the number of open stomata decreased with increasing salinity. EDX revealed the presence of some important elements such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and more in the leaves. The results showed that increased salinity led to a decrease in the percentage composition of P, K and Ca²⁺, while Mg²⁺ was high under the control and low salinity (50 mM), decreased under 100 mM and increased again with increasing salinity. On the contrary, increasing salinity caused an increase in Na⁺ and Cl^- in a stable manner. These findings reveal that T. ciliata acquires salt tolerance through changes to its leaf surface properties, osmotic adjustment, and the regulation of Na⁺ uptake and distribution in the leaves.

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Trachyandra ciliata (L.F) Kunth 的叶片微观形态评估、化学成分和解剖结构对不同盐度的反应

摘要许多研究都检查了不同卤叶植物的形态和微形态反应，以确定它们的耐盐机制。然而，很少有研究关注南非的食用卤叶植物。本研究使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）检查了叶片的微观形态、元素组成和解剖反应，以研究纤毛虫（Trachyandra ciliata (L.F) Kunth）的耐盐水平。处理包括不同浓度的氯化钠（NaCl）：处理包括不同浓度的氯化钠（NaCl）：50 毫摩尔、100 毫摩尔、150 毫摩尔和 200 毫摩尔，而对照组（0 毫摩尔）仅用营养液浇灌。从扫描电镜显微照片中可以观察到，在低盐度条件下，盐腺从表皮沿维管束系统突出，而在较高浓度条件下，盐结晶出现，这使得该植物在高盐度条件下仍能保持细胞平衡，因此可将其归类为返盐叶绿藻。气孔分布、气孔密度和开放气孔的数量随着盐度的升高而减少。乙二胺四乙酸氧化物检测显示，叶片中存在一些重要元素，如钾、镁、磷、钙等。结果表明，盐度增加导致 P、K 和 Ca2+ 的百分比含量下降，而 Mg2+ 在对照组和低盐度（50 毫摩尔）下含量较高，在 100 毫摩尔下含量下降，并随着盐度的增加而再次上升。相反，盐度增加会导致 Na+ 和 Cl- 稳定增加。这些研究结果表明，纤毛虫是通过改变叶片表面特性、渗透调节以及调节叶片对 Na+ 的吸收和分布来获得耐盐性的。

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来源期刊

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

14.30%

发文量

107

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Russian Journal of Plant Physiology is a leading journal in phytophysiology. It embraces the full spectrum of plant physiology and brings together the related aspects of biophysics, biochemistry, cytology, anatomy, genetics, etc. The journal publishes experimental and theoretical articles, reviews, short communications, and descriptions of new methods. Some issues cover special problems of plant physiology, thus presenting collections of articles and providing information in rapidly growing fields. The editorial board is highly interested in publishing research from all countries and accepts manuscripts in English.