Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606931
E. F. Markovskaya, N. Yu. Shmakova, A. A. Zorina
Abstract
The fractional composition of fatty acids (FAs) of lipids was studied, and the main directions of their participation in structural and functional adaptations in dominant and rare species of higher vascular plants of the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen were identified. Differences in the size and variability of FA composition by fraction were revealed: from 25 to 76% for glycolipids, 10–28% for phospholipids, and 7–57% for neutral lipids. A relationship has been established between the fatty acid composition of different lipid fractions and the “species activity” indicator in plants of different geographical origins and ecology. The main directions of adaptation associated with the lipid component in Arctic plants include the participation of saturated and unsaturated FAs in different proportions depending on the ecological and geographical characteristics of the species. A diversity of very long chain FAs was noted in the fractional fatty acid composition of lipids in all Arctic plants. In both adaptive strategies, “avoidance” and “adaptation,” the lipid component is actively involved, which ensures the appropriate functional activity of the species and its representation in the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen.
{"title":"Composition of Fatty Acids in Lipids of Higher Vascular Plants of the Arctic Tundra of Western Spitsbergen","authors":"E. F. Markovskaya, N. Yu. Shmakova, A. A. Zorina","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606931","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The fractional composition of fatty acids (FAs) of lipids was studied, and the main directions of their participation in structural and functional adaptations in dominant and rare species of higher vascular plants of the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen were identified. Differences in the size and variability of FA composition by fraction were revealed: from 25 to 76% for glycolipids, 10–28% for phospholipids, and 7–57% for neutral lipids. A relationship has been established between the fatty acid composition of different lipid fractions and the “species activity” indicator in plants of different geographical origins and ecology. The main directions of adaptation associated with the lipid component in Arctic plants include the participation of saturated and unsaturated FAs in different proportions depending on the ecological and geographical characteristics of the species. A diversity of very long chain FAs was noted in the fractional fatty acid composition of lipids in all Arctic plants. In both adaptive strategies, “avoidance” and “adaptation,” the lipid component is actively involved, which ensures the appropriate functional activity of the species and its representation in the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460733x
M. V. Surso
Abstract
The effect of individual sugars and pH of nutrient medium on growth and development of pollen tubes in an introgressive hybrid between common spruce and Siberian spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata Ledeb.) in vitro was investigated. Dynamics of growth of spruce pollen tubes was registered. It was found that relatively high growth rate of pollen tubes accounts for specific physiology of their development. A quick cellulose synthesis in the course of spruce pollen grains’ hydration was described. Differences in component composition of pollen and pollen tubes were revealed. Content of proteins, amino acids, RNA, DNA, lipids, and polysaccharides along the gradient of spruce pollen tubes abruptly increased towards the growing tip and became stabilized when they reached approximately half of their maximal length. At the same time, total content of carbohydrates in pollen tubes along their length essentially did not change. Formation on the surface of pollen tubes of outer rings consisting mainly of cellulose and callose are described. It was assumed that such rings may participate in regulation of turgor and partial compartmentation of protoplast in spruce pollen tubes. Callose present in pollen tubes should be regarded as a situational antistress polysaccharide that is not common component of tube wall.
摘要 在普通云杉和西伯利亚云杉（Picea abies (L.) Karst.× P. obovata Ledeb.）体外花粉管生长和发育的影响进行了研究。对云杉花粉管的生长动态进行了记录。研究发现，花粉管相对较高的生长速度是其发育的特殊生理机能所决定的。研究描述了云杉花粉粒水合过程中纤维素的快速合成。发现花粉和花粉管的成分组成存在差异。沿着云杉花粉管的梯度，蛋白质、氨基酸、RNA、DNA、脂类和多糖的含量向生长顶端突然增加，并在达到最大长度的一半左右时趋于稳定。与此同时，花粉管中碳水化合物的总含量基本上没有变化。花粉管表面形成的外环主要由纤维素和胼胝质组成。据推测，这些外环可能参与了云杉花粉管中的张力调节和原生质的部分分隔。存在于花粉管中的胼胝质应被视为一种非管壁常见成分的情景抗压多糖。
{"title":"Growth and Development of Pollen Tubes in Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata Ledeb.) In Vitro","authors":"M. V. Surso","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460733x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460733x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of individual sugars and pH of nutrient medium on growth and development of pollen tubes in an introgressive hybrid between common spruce and Siberian spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst. × <i>P. obovata</i> Ledeb.) in vitro was investigated. Dynamics of growth of spruce pollen tubes was registered. It was found that relatively high growth rate of pollen tubes accounts for specific physiology of their development. A quick cellulose synthesis in the course of spruce pollen grains’ hydration was described. Differences in component composition of pollen and pollen tubes were revealed. Content of proteins, amino acids, RNA, DNA, lipids, and polysaccharides along the gradient of spruce pollen tubes abruptly increased towards the growing tip and became stabilized when they reached approximately half of their maximal length. At the same time, total content of carbohydrates in pollen tubes along their length essentially did not change. Formation on the surface of pollen tubes of outer rings consisting mainly of cellulose and callose are described. It was assumed that such rings may participate in regulation of turgor and partial compartmentation of protoplast in spruce pollen tubes. Callose present in pollen tubes should be regarded as a situational antistress polysaccharide that is not common component of tube wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724607298
M. V. Filonova, S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. S. Zinner, D. A. Isakov, Ya. E. Reshetov, A. A. Churin, M. V. Belousov
Abstract
Comparative study of phenolic compound composition was performed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS techniques using raw materials of Hedysarum alpinum L. plants introduced into the dendrological ecosystem of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University as well as the callus culture of the same species. The callus culture of Hedysarum alpinum was obtained on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium with the addition of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and was subsequently cultivated on the medium containing α-NAA (2.0 mg/L) and 6-BAP (0.5 mg/L). The culture was characterized by activated phenylpropanoid pathway, which gave rise to the formation of flavonoids, isoflavones, xanthones, and other substances. The total content of flavonoids (calculated on a per quercetin basis) and formononetin in the extracts of callus culture was lower than in the extracts from introduced plants by 35 and 11%, respectively, whereas the content of mangiferin in callus extracts was more than 50% higher than in the extracts of aerial plant parts.
{"title":"Comparative Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Introduced Plants and Callus Culture of Hedysarum alpinum L.","authors":"M. V. Filonova, S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. S. Zinner, D. A. Isakov, Ya. E. Reshetov, A. A. Churin, M. V. Belousov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607298","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Comparative study of phenolic compound composition was performed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS techniques using raw materials of <i>Hedysarum alpinum</i> L. plants introduced into the dendrological ecosystem of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University as well as the callus culture of the same species. The callus culture of <i>Hedysarum alpinum</i> was obtained on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium with the addition of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and was subsequently cultivated on the medium containing α-NAA (2.0 mg/L) and 6-BAP (0.5 mg/L). The culture was characterized by activated phenylpropanoid pathway, which gave rise to the formation of flavonoids, isoflavones, xanthones, and other substances. The total content of flavonoids (calculated on a per quercetin basis) and formononetin in the extracts of callus culture was lower than in the extracts from introduced plants by 35 and 11%, respectively, whereas the content of mangiferin in callus extracts was more than 50% higher than in the extracts of aerial plant parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724607316
S. A. Pyatina, E. I. Shishatskaya, N. G. Menzyanova
Abstract
Border cells (BCs) are a cell population of the root cap that, during the process of differentiation, separates from the surface of the root apex in the form of single cells, small aggregates, or cell sheets and passes into the rhizosphere space. The functional activity of BCs in the rhizosphere is realized through the production of exometabolites. The review discusses the role of BCs and the root extracellular trap formed from their exometabolites in the processes of adaptation of the root system to various abiotic factors and reactions of the root immune system.
{"title":"Border Cells of the Root Apex: Role in Adaptation Strategies and Root Immunity","authors":"S. A. Pyatina, E. I. Shishatskaya, N. G. Menzyanova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607316","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Border cells (BCs) are a cell population of the root cap that, during the process of differentiation, separates from the surface of the root apex in the form of single cells, small aggregates, or cell sheets and passes into the rhizosphere space. The functional activity of BCs in the rhizosphere is realized through the production of exometabolites. The review discusses the role of BCs and the root extracellular trap formed from their exometabolites in the processes of adaptation of the root system to various abiotic factors and reactions of the root immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606839
V. V. Kusnetsov, I. A. Bychkov, N. V. Kudryakova
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), an animal hormone, antioxidant, and regulatory molecule, is attracting increasing attention from biologists. Melatonin, discovered in plants in 1995 and later named phytomelatonin (PMT), regulates many stages of plant ontogenesis, from seed germination to the aging process. PMT is one of the most powerful plant cell antioxidants. Numerous experimental data show that PMT increases plant resistance under conditions of both abiotic and biotic stress. In the regulation of physiological processes, it interacts with almost all currently known phytohormones. The biosynthesis of PMT and its multifunctional activity have now been studied quite well; the first receptor and some components of its signaling chain have been discovered. All this allows us to consider PMT a new plant hormone.
{"title":"Phytomelatonin As an Element of the Plant Hormonal System","authors":"V. V. Kusnetsov, I. A. Bychkov, N. V. Kudryakova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606839","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), an animal hormone, antioxidant, and regulatory molecule, is attracting increasing attention from biologists. Melatonin, discovered in plants in 1995 and later named phytomelatonin (PMT), regulates many stages of plant ontogenesis, from seed germination to the aging process. PMT is one of the most powerful plant cell antioxidants. Numerous experimental data show that PMT increases plant resistance under conditions of both abiotic and biotic stress. In the regulation of physiological processes, it interacts with almost all currently known phytohormones. The biosynthesis of PMT and its multifunctional activity have now been studied quite well; the first receptor and some components of its signaling chain have been discovered. All this allows us to consider PMT a new plant hormone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724607304
A. K. Shtang, T. I. Ponomareva, D. A. Shpanov
Abstract
The authors studied the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio during the warm period of the year (May–October) and during the period with stable snow cover (April) in sphagnum moss Sphagnum papillosum Lindb. on an oligotrophic bog in Arkhangelsk oblast. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased from May to July, reaching a minimum, and then increased again by autumn. The content of pigments in moss tissues under the snow was comparable to the July minimum. Based on the results of factor and cluster analyses, it was suggested that the S. papillosum pigment complex in the first half of the growing season is adapted to high insolation and a long photoperiod, which is reflected by such indicators as the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the proportion of chlorophylls in the light-harvesting complex. In addition, during the growing season, the pigment complex apparently adapts to moisture conditions that depend on precipitation, especially during the period of summer decrease in the bog water level, which reflects the Chl/Car ratio.
{"title":"Seasonal Changes in the Photosynthetic Pigment Complex of Sphagnum Mosses: The case of Sphagnum papillosum Lindb.","authors":"A. K. Shtang, T. I. Ponomareva, D. A. Shpanov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607304","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The authors studied the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio during the warm period of the year (May–October) and during the period with stable snow cover (April) in sphagnum moss <i>Sphagnum papillosum</i> Lindb. on an oligotrophic bog in Arkhangelsk oblast. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased from May to July, reaching a minimum, and then increased again by autumn. The content of pigments in moss tissues under the snow was comparable to the July minimum. Based on the results of factor and cluster analyses, it was suggested that the <i>S. papillosum</i> pigment complex in the first half of the growing season is adapted to high insolation and a long photoperiod, which is reflected by such indicators as the chlorophyll <i>a</i>/<i>b</i> ratio and the proportion of chlorophylls in the light-harvesting complex. In addition, during the growing season, the pigment complex apparently adapts to moisture conditions that depend on precipitation, especially during the period of summer decrease in the bog water level, which reflects the Chl/Car ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724607407
A. V. Sorokan, V. F. Gabdrakhmanova, I. S. Mardanshin, I. V. Maksimov
Abstract
The effect of bacteria Bacillus velezensis strain М66 on resistance of potato plants to oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary that causes late blight disease was investigated. For the first time, a rise in the number of endophytic bacteria B. velezensis М66 in internal tissues of plants after infection with the pathogen as compared with plants solely inoculated with bacteria was shown. A considerable reduction in the area showing the symptoms of late blight disease was shown irrespective of virulence of the used strain of pathogen. Formation of plant resistance under the effect of B. velezensis М66 cells was accompanied by activation of trypsin inhibitor and peroxidases; accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and transcripts of genes encoding inhibitors of proteinases, β-1,3-glucanase, and anionic peroxidase; and reduction in the level of transcripts of gene PR1: a marker of the development of salicylate-depending reactions. As to the system of RNA interference, it was shown that aggressive strain P. infestans Sn stimulated accumulation of transcripts of the gene encoding Dicer-like protein (DCL) in potato plants, whereas less aggressive strain P. infestans 1840 activated genes DCL and Ago4. Plant treatment with bacteria B. velezensis М66 promoted accumulation of gene Ago1 transcripts both in healthy and infected plants. Inoculation of plants with bacteria and subsequent infection with oomycete promoted accumulation of transcripts of all the examined genes involved in the system of RNA interference. Thus, inoculation of plants with cells of endophytic bacteria B. velezensis strain M66 promotes formation of resistance to oomycete P. infestans by means of efficient priming of plant immune potential.
摘要 研究了细菌 Bacillus velezensis М66 菌株对马铃薯植株对引起晚疫病的卵菌 Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary 的抗性的影响。与只接种细菌的植株相比，首次发现在感染病原体后，植株内部组织中内生细菌 B. velezensis М66 的数量有所增加。无论使用的病原体菌株毒力如何，晚疫病的发病面积都有显著减少。在 B. velezensis М66 细胞的作用下，植物抗性的形成伴随着胰蛋白酶抑制剂和过氧化物酶的激活；过氧化氢和编码蛋白酶抑制剂、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和阴离子过氧化物酶的基因转录物的积累；以及 PR1 基因转录物水平的降低：PR1 是水杨酸依赖反应发展的标志。在 RNA 干扰系统方面，研究表明，侵袭性强的 P. infestans Sn 菌株会刺激马铃薯植株中编码 Dicer 样蛋白（DCL）的基因转录本的积累，而侵袭性弱的 P. infestans 1840 菌株则会激活 DCL 和 Ago4 基因。用 B. velezensis М66 细菌处理植株可促进健康植株和受感染植株中 Ago1 基因转录本的积累。给植物接种细菌，然后再感染卵菌，可促进参与 RNA 干扰系统的所有受检基因转录本的积累。因此，给植物接种内生细菌 B. velezensis 菌株 M66 的细胞可通过有效激发植物的免疫潜能，促进形成对卵菌 P. infestans 的抗性。
{"title":"Effect of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus velezensis M66 on Transcriptional Activity of the Genes of the RNA Interference System upon Development of Defense Responses Against the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary","authors":"A. V. Sorokan, V. F. Gabdrakhmanova, I. S. Mardanshin, I. V. Maksimov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607407","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of bacteria <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strain М66 on resistance of potato plants to oomycete <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (Mont.) de Bary that causes late blight disease was investigated. For the first time, a rise in the number of endophytic bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 in internal tissues of plants after infection with the pathogen as compared with plants solely inoculated with bacteria was shown. A considerable reduction in the area showing the symptoms of late blight disease was shown irrespective of virulence of the used strain of pathogen. Formation of plant resistance under the effect of <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 cells was accompanied by activation of trypsin inhibitor and peroxidases; accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and transcripts of genes encoding inhibitors of proteinases, β-1,3-glucanase, and anionic peroxidase; and reduction in the level of transcripts of gene <i>PR1</i>: a marker of the development of salicylate-depending reactions. As to the system of RNA interference, it was shown that aggressive strain <i>P. infestans</i> Sn stimulated accumulation of transcripts of the gene encoding Dicer-like protein (DCL) in potato plants, whereas less aggressive strain <i>P. infestans</i> 1840 activated genes <i>DCL</i> and <i>Ago4</i>. Plant treatment with bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 promoted accumulation of gene <i>Ago1</i> transcripts both in healthy and infected plants. Inoculation of plants with bacteria and subsequent infection with oomycete promoted accumulation of transcripts of all the examined genes involved in the system of RNA interference. Thus, inoculation of plants with cells of endophytic bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> strain M66 promotes formation of resistance to oomycete <i>P. infestans</i> by means of efficient priming of plant immune potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724607328
N. V. Dantsyuk, I. N. Chubchikova, A. D. Temraleeva, G. S. Minyuk, I. V. Drobetskaya
Abstract
The strain VKM Al-132 of green sarcinoid microalgae isolated from chestnut soil of the dry steppe zone (Volgograd oblast of Russia) was investigated. With the help of light- and scanning electron microscopy, together with the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS2 spacer, the strain was identified as Chlorosarcinopsiseremi. The characteristics of its growth and secondary carotenogenesis were examined under conditions of two-stage batch culture. After 21-day cultivation, the average productivity was 0.12 g/(L day) (dry biomass) and 0.2 mg/(L day) (total carotenoids). At the end of the stage of secondary carotenogenesis, when the percentage of total carotenoids was approximately 0.25% of dry biomass, canthaxanthin and diesters of astaxanthin fractions dominated; the sum of astaxanthin esters attained 36% of total carotenoids. It has been shown that the VKM Al-132 strain of C.eremi may serve as a potentially perspective object to search for optimal conditions for intensification of carotenoid biosynthesis.
{"title":"Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Sarcinoid Microalga Chlorosarcinopsis eremi (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)","authors":"N. V. Dantsyuk, I. N. Chubchikova, A. D. Temraleeva, G. S. Minyuk, I. V. Drobetskaya","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607328","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The strain VKM Al-132 of green sarcinoid microalgae isolated from chestnut soil of the dry steppe zone (Volgograd oblast of Russia) was investigated. With the help of light- and scanning electron microscopy, together with the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS2 spacer, the strain was identified as <i>Chlorosarcinopsis</i> <i>eremi</i>. The characteristics of its growth and secondary carotenogenesis were examined under conditions of two-stage batch culture. After 21-day cultivation, the average productivity was 0.12 g/(L day) (dry biomass) and 0.2 mg/(L day) (total carotenoids). At the end of the stage of secondary carotenogenesis, when the percentage of total carotenoids was approximately 0.25% of dry biomass, canthaxanthin and diesters of astaxanthin fractions dominated; the sum of astaxanthin esters attained 36% of total carotenoids. It has been shown that the VKM Al-132 strain of <i>C.</i> <i>eremi</i> may serve as a potentially perspective object to search for optimal conditions for intensification of carotenoid biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724607286
A. A. Ignatenko, I. A. Nilova, N. M. Kaznina, A. F. Titov
Abstract
We studied the effect of seed treatment with salicylic acid (SA, 100 μM) on seed germination, growth, the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the functioning of a number of components of the antioxidant system in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) Zlata variety grown with optimal (2 μM) or excess (1500 µM) zinc content in the root environment. It has been shown that excess zinc has an inhibitory effect on root and shoot growth and also enhances the accumulation of one of the indicators of LPO development: malondialdehyde (MDA). At the same time, the structural integrity of the membranes was maintained, as indicated by the absence of changes in membrane permeability, recorded by the yield of electrolytes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), did not change under these conditions, but the activity of guaiacol-specific peroxidase (GPO) decreased. Treatment of seeds with SA at a concentration of 100 μM, which stimulates their germination, enhanced the negative effect of excess zinc on growth performance and MDA accumulation in wheat leaves. However, in this case, the yield of electrolytes did not increase, which is presumably due to an increase in the activity of SOD and GPO. Based on the data presented in the work and previously obtained, as well as an analysis of the literature, it was concluded that the response of plants to excess zinc in the external environment, like the reaction to other abiotic stresses, is not only multicomponent and multiechelon but also variable, depending on many factors and circumstances: the dose of exposure (zinc concentration and duration of its action), biological characteristics of the plant species (variety), their age condition, etc. Treatment of seeds with SA can change the nature of the plant’s response to the action of excess zinc, and the direction of these changes will, in turn, depend on the concentration of SA, the duration of its action, and the method of treatment.
摘要 我们研究了水杨酸（SA，100 μM）处理种子对根系环境中锌含量最佳（2 μM）或过量（1500 µM）的小麦植株（Triticum aestivum L.) Zlata品种的种子萌发、生长、脂质过氧化（LPO）水平以及抗氧化系统中一些成分的功能的影响。研究表明，过量的锌会抑制根和芽的生长，并增加 LPO 的积累：丙二醛（MDA）。与此同时，膜的结构完整性得以保持，这体现在膜通透性没有发生变化，电解质的产量也没有变化。在这些条件下，抗氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性没有发生变化，但愈创木酚特异性过氧化物酶（GPO）的活性有所下降。用浓度为 100 μM 的 SA 处理种子可刺激其萌发，从而增强过量锌对小麦叶片生长性能和 MDA 积累的负面影响。然而，在这种情况下，电解质的产量并没有增加，这可能是由于 SOD 和 GPO 的活性增加所致。根据工作中提供的数据和以前获得的数据，以及对文献的分析，得出的结论是，植物对外部环境中过量锌的反应，就像对其他非生物胁迫的反应一样，不仅是多成分和多梯队的，而且是可变的，取决于许多因素和情况：暴露的剂量（锌浓度及其作用的持续时间）、植物物种（品种）的生物特征、其年龄状况等。用 SA 处理种子会改变植物对过量锌作用的反应性质，而这些变化的方向又取决于 SA 的浓度、作用时间和处理方法。
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Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605937
I. V. Morozova, N. P. Chernobrovkina, V. P. Pchelkin
Abstract
In plants of the genus Betula L. with morphological characteristics of downy birch B. pubescens, silver birch B. pendula, and Karelian birch B. pendula var. carelica in bud fragments, according to the phases of their blossoming, growth and moisture indicators were studied as were the content and composition of fatty acids (FA) of individual fractions of total lipids (TL). Fractions of neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), and phospholipids (PL) were isolated from TL using chloroform, acetone, and methanol, respectively. Growing rudimentary leaves were distinguished by increased weight and moisture content compared to scales and stipules. In the embryonic leaves, in comparison with other fragments of buds in the phases of blooming, a high absolute content of TL in phase I and a drop in the level of TL in other phases, a significant absolute accumulation of NL and PL by phase III and use in phase IV with the accumulation of GL in this phase, a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) of TL and their individual fractions during the study period, an increase in the level of linolenic acid (C18:3) in the composition of PL and GL to phase IV, and an increase in the relative content of palmitic acid (C16:0) in the composition of GL by phase III and a decrease in its level in phase IV were noted. The fatty acid composition of the TL fractions of fragments of opening birch buds were represented predominantly by UFAs (up to 88% of the total FAs). The main share of UFAs was C18:3 and linoleic (C18:2) (up to 55 and 47% of the total FAs, respectively), and C16:0 predominated (up to 42%) in saturated FAs. In three birches, during the development of buds according to the phases of blossoming in their individual fragments, both in the TL and in all fractions of the TL, the relative content of C18:2 decreased with an increase in the composition of GL and PL: C18:3. In these birches, which differ in morphological characteristics, distinctive features of the lipid composition are revealed mainly in the scales.
{"title":"Fractional and Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids from the Bud Parts of Plants of the Betula L. Genus by Opening Phases","authors":"I. V. Morozova, N. P. Chernobrovkina, V. P. Pchelkin","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605937","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In plants of the genus <i>Betula</i> L. with morphological characteristics of downy birch <i>B. pubescens</i>, silver birch <i>B. pendula</i>, and Karelian birch <i>B. pendula</i> var. <i>carelica</i> in bud fragments, according to the phases of their blossoming, growth and moisture indicators were studied as were the content and composition of fatty acids (FA) of individual fractions of total lipids (TL). Fractions of neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), and phospholipids (PL) were isolated from TL using chloroform, acetone, and methanol, respectively. Growing rudimentary leaves were distinguished by increased weight and moisture content compared to scales and stipules. In the embryonic leaves, in comparison with other fragments of buds in the phases of blooming, a high absolute content of TL in phase I and a drop in the level of TL in other phases, a significant absolute accumulation of NL and PL by phase III and use in phase IV with the accumulation of GL in this phase, a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) of TL and their individual fractions during the study period, an increase in the level of linolenic acid (C<sub>18:3</sub>) in the composition of PL and GL to phase IV, and an increase in the relative content of palmitic acid (C<sub>16:0</sub>) in the composition of GL by phase III and a decrease in its level in phase IV were noted. The fatty acid composition of the TL fractions of fragments of opening birch buds were represented predominantly by UFAs (up to 88% of the total FAs). The main share of UFAs was C<sub>18:3</sub> and linoleic (C<sub>18:2</sub>) (up to 55 and 47% of the total FAs, respectively), and C<sub>16:0</sub> predominated (up to 42%) in saturated FAs. In three birches, during the development of buds according to the phases of blossoming in their individual fragments, both in the TL and in all fractions of the TL, the relative content of C<sub>18:2</sub> decreased with an increase in the composition of GL and PL: C<sub>18:3</sub>. In these birches, which differ in morphological characteristics, distinctive features of the lipid composition are revealed mainly in the scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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