Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606098
G. A. Kazakov, P. A. Zaitsev, D. A. Chudaev, E. Yu. Parshina, A. V. Moiseenko, A. A. Zaitseva, T. A. Fedorenko, M. G. Bokov, P. Mojzeš, E. S. Lobakova, A. E. Solovchenko
Abstract
The productivity of microalgal cultures and their resilience to unfavorable conditions is largely determined by the availability of mineral nutrients, particularly nitrogen. Nitrogen starvation is a strong stressor that induces a broad range of responses in microalgae at the cell and cell population (culture) levels. These responses such as lipogenesis and secondary carotenogenesis are widely used in biotechnology to obtain valuable secondary metabolites of microalgae. It was believed that microalgal cells lack specific structures that function as long-term nitrogen depot, but recent studies assigned this role to microcrystalline inclusions constituted by nitrogenous bases (most often guanine). It is also known that purine microcrystals are biophotonic structures widespread in nature. These structures modify the intensity and spectral composition of radiation in illuminated cells and tissues of living organisms. In this regard, we studied (i) the dynamics of the formation of guanine crystals in the cells of green carotenogenic microalgae from the genus Coelastrella (C. thermophila NAMSU CM1/23 and C. rubescens IPPAS C-2066) depending on the availability of nitrogen in the medium and (ii) the effect of the presence of these crystals on cell resilience to high light intensity. Nitrogen-rich crystal inclusions were accumulated in cells when the cultures reached the stationary growth phase in a medium with ample nitrate nitrogen. During rapid growth, these inclusions were hardly detectable in the cells and disappeared during cultivation in the absence of nitrogen. Optical polarization microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy demonstrated that these nitrogen-rich inclusions are birefringent microcrystals composed of guanine. C. thermophila cells harboring abundant guanine crystals showed resistance to short-term (10–15 min) exposure to high-intensity light (600 µmol PAR quanta/m2/s). The results obtained are discussed in the context of the multifaceted role of guanine crystals in the stress tolerance of microalgae.
摘要 微型藻类培养物的生产力及其对不利条件的适应能力在很大程度上取决于矿质营养物质，尤其是氮的供应情况。氮饥饿是一种强烈的应激源，可诱导微藻在细胞和细胞群（培养物）水平上产生一系列反应。这些反应（如脂肪生成和次生胡萝卜素生成）被广泛应用于生物技术中，以获取微藻有价值的次生代谢物。过去认为，微藻细胞缺乏作为长期氮库的特定结构，但最近的研究将这一作用归因于由含氮碱基（最常见的是鸟嘌呤）构成的微晶内含物。众所周知，嘌呤微晶是自然界中广泛存在的生物光子结构。这些结构可改变生物体细胞和组织在光照下的辐射强度和光谱组成。在这方面，我们研究了(i)鸟嘌呤晶体在褐藻属绿色胡萝卜素生成微藻（C. thermophila NAMSU CM1/23 和 C. rubescens IPPAS C-2066）细胞中的形成动态，这取决于培养基中氮的可用性，以及(ii)这些晶体的存在对细胞抗高强度光照的影响。在硝态氮充足的培养基中，当培养物达到静止生长阶段时，细胞中积累了富含氮的晶体内含物。在快速生长期间，细胞中几乎检测不到这些包裹体，在无氮培养期间，这些包裹体消失。光学偏振显微镜和拉曼光谱证明，这些富含氮的包涵体是由鸟嘌呤组成的双折射微晶。含有大量鸟嘌呤晶体的嗜热蟹细胞对高强度光（600 µmol PAR quanta/m2/s）的短期（10-15 分钟）照射表现出抵抗力。本文从鸟嘌呤晶体在微藻类抗逆性中的多方面作用的角度对所获得的结果进行了讨论。
{"title":"The Turnover and Possible Physiological Significance of Purine Crystals in the Cells of the Chlorophytes from the Genus Coelastrella (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta)","authors":"G. A. Kazakov, P. A. Zaitsev, D. A. Chudaev, E. Yu. Parshina, A. V. Moiseenko, A. A. Zaitseva, T. A. Fedorenko, M. G. Bokov, P. Mojzeš, E. S. Lobakova, A. E. Solovchenko","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606098","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The productivity of microalgal cultures and their resilience to unfavorable conditions is largely determined by the availability of mineral nutrients, particularly nitrogen. Nitrogen starvation is a strong stressor that induces a broad range of responses in microalgae at the cell and cell population (culture) levels. These responses such as lipogenesis and secondary carotenogenesis are widely used in biotechnology to obtain valuable secondary metabolites of microalgae. It was believed that microalgal cells lack specific structures that function as long-term nitrogen depot, but recent studies assigned this role to microcrystalline inclusions constituted by nitrogenous bases (most often guanine). It is also known that purine microcrystals are biophotonic structures widespread in nature. These structures modify the intensity and spectral composition of radiation in illuminated cells and tissues of living organisms. In this regard, we studied (i) the dynamics of the formation of guanine crystals in the cells of green carotenogenic microalgae from the genus <i>Coelastrella</i> (<i>C. thermophila</i> NAMSU CM1/23 and <i>C. rubescens</i> IPPAS C-2066) depending on the availability of nitrogen in the medium and (ii) the effect of the presence of these crystals on cell resilience to high light intensity. Nitrogen-rich crystal inclusions were accumulated in cells when the cultures reached the stationary growth phase in a medium with ample nitrate nitrogen. During rapid growth, these inclusions were hardly detectable in the cells and disappeared during cultivation in the absence of nitrogen. Optical polarization microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy demonstrated that these nitrogen-rich inclusions are birefringent microcrystals composed of guanine. <i>C. thermophila</i> cells harboring abundant guanine crystals showed resistance to short-term (10–15 min) exposure to high-intensity light (600 µmol PAR quanta/m<sup>2</sup>/s). The results obtained are discussed in the context of the multifaceted role of guanine crystals in the stress tolerance of microalgae.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605287
R. E. Duran, U. Kilic, U. Kara
Abstract
The application of cold plasma as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and cost-effective method has garnered interest for its potential to alleviate the deleterious effects of abiotic stress on plants. This study investigates the impact of nitrogen oxide (NO) cold plasma treatment on wheat (Triticum durum Desf. ‘GAP’) seed germination, seedling growth, and pigment composition under salinity stress conditions. Seeds were exposed to NO cold plasma for 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes and subsequently sown in Petri dishes with sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 100, 150, and 200 mM to assess morphological and physiological responses between the 7th and 10th days of germination. Results indicated that cold plasma treatment significantly enhanced germination rates and seedling growth under both control and saline conditions, with the 15-min exposure yielding the most pronounced improvements. However, cold plasma treatment alone either decreased leaf pigment content or had no significant effect, whereas under salinity stress, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels showed varied increases with treatment duration. Conversely, anthocyanin levels decreased under salt stress with plasma treatment. The differential effects on pigment composition highlight a complex interaction between cold plasma treatment and plant physiological responses under abiotic stress, suggesting avenues for further research into optimizing treatment protocols for agricultural resilience. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on cold plasma applications in agriculture, offering insights into sustainable practices that could mitigate the impacts of global challenges like soil salinity on crop production.
摘要冷等离子体作为一种环境友好、高效且成本效益高的方法，因其在减轻非生物胁迫对植物的有害影响方面的潜力而备受关注。本研究探讨了在盐分胁迫条件下，氧化氮（NO）冷等离子体处理对小麦（Triticum durum Desf. 'GAP'）种子萌发、幼苗生长和色素组成的影响。将种子暴露于 NO 冷等离子体中 0、5、10 和 15 分钟，然后播种在氯化钠（NaCl）浓度为 0、100、150 和 200 mM 的培养皿中，以评估发芽第 7 到 10 天的形态和生理反应。结果表明，在对照和盐水条件下，冷等离子体处理都能显著提高萌芽率和幼苗生长速度，其中 15 分钟的暴露对萌芽率和幼苗生长速度的改善最为明显。然而，单独进行冷等离子体处理会降低叶片色素含量或无明显影响，而在盐度胁迫下，叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量随处理时间的延长而出现不同程度的增加。相反，在盐胁迫下，花青素含量随血浆处理时间的延长而降低。对色素组成的不同影响凸显了冷等离子体处理与非生物胁迫下植物生理反应之间复杂的相互作用，为进一步研究优化处理方案以提高农业抗逆性提供了途径。这项研究为冷等离子体在农业中的应用提供了越来越多的知识，为减轻土壤盐碱化等全球性挑战对作物生产的影响提供了可持续的实践方法。
{"title":"Influence of Cold Plasma Priming on Certain Traits of Durum Wheat Plants under Salinity Conditions","authors":"R. E. Duran, U. Kilic, U. Kara","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605287","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The application of cold plasma as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and cost-effective method has garnered interest for its potential to alleviate the deleterious effects of abiotic stress on plants. This study investigates the impact of nitrogen oxide (NO) cold plasma treatment on wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf. ‘GAP’) seed germination, seedling growth, and pigment composition under salinity stress conditions. Seeds were exposed to NO cold plasma for 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes and subsequently sown in Petri dishes with sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 100, 150, and 200 mM to assess morphological and physiological responses between the 7th and 10th days of germination. Results indicated that cold plasma treatment significantly enhanced germination rates and seedling growth under both control and saline conditions, with the 15-min exposure yielding the most pronounced improvements. However, cold plasma treatment alone either decreased leaf pigment content or had no significant effect, whereas under salinity stress, chlorophyll <i>a</i>, chlorophyll <i>b</i>, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels showed varied increases with treatment duration. Conversely, anthocyanin levels decreased under salt stress with plasma treatment. The differential effects on pigment composition highlight a complex interaction between cold plasma treatment and plant physiological responses under abiotic stress, suggesting avenues for further research into optimizing treatment protocols for agricultural resilience. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on cold plasma applications in agriculture, offering insights into sustainable practices that could mitigate the impacts of global challenges like soil salinity on crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604853
P. Peñaloza, S. Valdebenito, K. Vidal, M. T. Mukhina, Yu. A. Krutyakov, A. Neaman
Abstract
The predictive accuracy of total metal content in contaminated soils for determining phytotoxicity has long been debated. Attempts to determine the “phytoavailable” metal fraction have yielded inconsistent results. Further complications arise in contaminated soils containing multiple metals, making interpretation of results difficult. Therefore, our study focused on an agricultural field in El Melón, Valparaíso region, central Chile, which is predominantly contaminated with copper due to the destruction of a tailings dam by the 1965 earthquake. Our primary objective was to determine which soil copper pool, either soluble or total, controls copper phytotoxicity at this unique site. Total copper ranged from 76 to 1672 mg/kg, while soluble copper (extracted by 0.1 M KNO3) ranged from 0.11 to 0.34 mg/kg. Using a prolonged 128-day ecotoxicity assessment with pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), our results indicate that total soil copper content emerges as a robust predictor of various plant responses. Regressions showed significant relationships for shoot copper content (R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001), shoot dry weight (R2 = 0.56, P = 0.02), xylem thickness (R2 = 0.33, P = 0.08), and leaf thickness (R2 = 0.29, P = 0.10). Conversely, the influence of soluble copper concentration on pepper responses and shoot copper content was not statistically significant (P > 0.1). Our discussion underscores that plant element uptake depends not only on the concentrations in the soil solution (intensity), but also on the total element content in the soil (quantity) and its supply kinetics (capacity). Therefore, the total metal content of the soil was found to be a more reliable predictor of plant responses than the soluble copper fraction in the soil. The anatomical changes observed in this study represent, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of metal-induced stress in Capsicum annuum. From this novel perspective, the results of our study are significant, especially for plant water relations, given their dependence on xylem and leaf thickness.
{"title":"Decoding Phytotoxicity: The Predictive Power of Total Soil Copper Content in Long-Term Pepper Growth in Copper-Polluted Soils","authors":"P. Peñaloza, S. Valdebenito, K. Vidal, M. T. Mukhina, Yu. A. Krutyakov, A. Neaman","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604853","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The predictive accuracy of total metal content in contaminated soils for determining phytotoxicity has long been debated. Attempts to determine the “phytoavailable” metal fraction have yielded inconsistent results. Further complications arise in contaminated soils containing multiple metals, making interpretation of results difficult. Therefore, our study focused on an agricultural field in El Melón, Valparaíso region, central Chile, which is predominantly contaminated with copper due to the destruction of a tailings dam by the 1965 earthquake. Our primary objective was to determine which soil copper pool, either soluble or total, controls copper phytotoxicity at this unique site. Total copper ranged from 76 to 1672 mg/kg, while soluble copper (extracted by 0.1 M KNO<sub>3</sub>) ranged from 0.11 to 0.34 mg/kg. Using a prolonged 128-day ecotoxicity assessment with pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.), our results indicate that total soil copper content emerges as a robust predictor of various plant responses. Regressions showed significant relationships for shoot copper content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.77, <i>P</i> < 0.001), shoot dry weight (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.56, <i>P</i> = 0.02), xylem thickness (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.33, <i>P</i> = 0.08), and leaf thickness (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.29, <i>P</i> = 0.10). Conversely, the influence of soluble copper concentration on pepper responses and shoot copper content was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> > 0.1). Our discussion underscores that plant element uptake depends not only on the concentrations in the soil solution (intensity), but also on the total element content in the soil (quantity) and its supply kinetics (capacity). Therefore, the total metal content of the soil was found to be a more reliable predictor of plant responses than the soluble copper fraction in the soil. The anatomical changes observed in this study represent, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of metal-induced stress in <i>Capsicum annuum</i>. From this novel perspective, the results of our study are significant, especially for plant water relations, given their dependence on xylem and leaf thickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460630x
N. P. Tho, N. T. T. Uyen, N. T. P. Thao, N. H. Thanh, D. C. Thien, P. M. Nhut, N. T. Tho
Abstract
Plant metabolites possess noteworthy biological activities, and their biosynthesis can be influenced by fluctuating light conditions. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways in rice plants subjected to shade stress, the study investigated the impact of shade on total polyphenols, total chlorophyll, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and metabolite composition in rice leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results revealed a substantial impact of shading on rice plants as there were reductions in both polyphenol and chlorophyll contents. Additionally, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be diminished under shade conditions. Through GC-MS profiling of rice leaves, it was observed that under no-shade conditions, the plant exhibited an accumulation of abundant monoterpenes, phytosterols, and isoprenoids. Noteworthy compounds included bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trimethyl-, [1S-(1).alpha), 2 isomer (30.89%), 3-Octene, (E)- (22.58%), phytol (8.16%), stigmasterol (7.98%), 22,23-dihydro-stigmasterol (6.06%), 5-Cholesten-3-ol, 24-methyl- (5.22%), and vitamin E (4.67%). In contrast, under shade conditions, rice leaves exhibited an accumulation of fatty acid esters, with notable compounds including 3-Octene, (Z)- (29.14%), ethyl ester of hexadecanoic acid (14.52%), ethyl ester of dodecanoic acid (8.33%), ethyl ester of octadecanoic acid (8.07%), squalene (6.63%), and methyl ester of 9-Octadecenoic (Z)- (6.23%). By examining the composition of metabolites, our findings unraveled the underlying molecular processes and signaling pathways involved in rice leaf metabolism under conditions of reduced light exposure and may have implications for further research on the potential health benefits and utilization of these compounds in diverse applications.
{"title":"Insights into the Metabolism of Rice Leaves (Oryza sativa L.) under Shade Stress by Investigating the Metabolite Profile Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis","authors":"N. P. Tho, N. T. T. Uyen, N. T. P. Thao, N. H. Thanh, D. C. Thien, P. M. Nhut, N. T. Tho","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460630x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460630x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Plant metabolites possess noteworthy biological activities, and their biosynthesis can be influenced by fluctuating light conditions. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways in rice plants subjected to shade stress, the study investigated the impact of shade on total polyphenols, total chlorophyll, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and metabolite composition in rice leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results revealed a substantial impact of shading on rice plants as there were reductions in both polyphenol and chlorophyll contents. Additionally, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be diminished under shade conditions. Through GC-MS profiling of rice leaves, it was observed that under no-shade conditions, the plant exhibited an accumulation of abundant monoterpenes, phytosterols, and isoprenoids. Noteworthy compounds included bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trimethyl-, [1S-(1).alpha), 2 isomer (30.89%), 3-Octene, (E)- (22.58%), phytol (8.16%), stigmasterol (7.98%), 22,23-dihydro-stigmasterol (6.06%), 5-Cholesten-3-ol, 24-methyl- (5.22%), and vitamin E (4.67%). In contrast, under shade conditions, rice leaves exhibited an accumulation of fatty acid esters, with notable compounds including 3-Octene, (Z)- (29.14%), ethyl ester of hexadecanoic acid (14.52%), ethyl ester of dodecanoic acid (8.33%), ethyl ester of octadecanoic acid (8.07%), squalene (6.63%), and methyl ester of 9-Octadecenoic (Z)- (6.23%). By examining the composition of metabolites, our findings unraveled the underlying molecular processes and signaling pathways involved in rice leaf metabolism under conditions of reduced light exposure and may have implications for further research on the potential health benefits and utilization of these compounds in diverse applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605019
G. Mishra
Abstract
The physiological changes caused by freezing stress in the vascular cells of the lower stem of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were identified using standard histology and microscopy. Zones 1 and 2 denoted the bottom and middle regions, respectively, and zones 3 and 4 the apical regions of the stem. The four zones of the lower stem where freezing injuries occurred were categorized as void formation, tissue separation due to ice formation, and partially or fully clogged vessels with darkly stained unknown substances. In zone 1, an uneven, semi-circular region was identified. Within the innermost leaves in the apical areas, there was evidence of partial and total tissue necrosis. In the apical parts of the mesophyll, ice formation and frost triggered cell plasmolysis. In every zone, three different kinds of vascular cell wall ruptures were noted. Zones 3 and 4 defined various forms of vessel cell wall bursts. In all zones, bordered pits manifested as narrower cell walls inside xylem vessels, perhaps impeding the spread of ice within the vessels. According to this study, freezing might have started at the basal region and moved upward to the lower stem’s apical region. The findings imply that physiological changes in cereal crops recovering from freezing can be studied using conventional microscopy.
{"title":"Histological Identification of Physiological Changes in Vascular Cell Morphology in the Lower Stem of Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during Freezing","authors":"G. Mishra","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605019","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The physiological changes caused by freezing stress in the vascular cells of the lower stem of winter barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) were identified using standard histology and microscopy. Zones 1 and 2 denoted the bottom and middle regions, respectively, and zones 3 and 4 the apical regions of the stem. The four zones of the lower stem where freezing injuries occurred were categorized as void formation, tissue separation due to ice formation, and partially or fully clogged vessels with darkly stained unknown substances. In zone 1, an uneven, semi-circular region was identified. Within the innermost leaves in the apical areas, there was evidence of partial and total tissue necrosis. In the apical parts of the mesophyll, ice formation and frost triggered cell plasmolysis. In every zone, three different kinds of vascular cell wall ruptures were noted. Zones 3 and 4 defined various forms of vessel cell wall bursts. In all zones, bordered pits manifested as narrower cell walls inside xylem vessels, perhaps impeding the spread of ice within the vessels. According to this study, freezing might have started at the basal region and moved upward to the lower stem’s apical region. The findings imply that physiological changes in cereal crops recovering from freezing can be studied using conventional microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604762
S. L. Polyakova, S. N. Zheleznova, N. A. Davidovich
Abstract
The work analyzes the biochemical composition and the influence of some abiotic factors on cells of Nitzschia sp. strains at different stages of the life cycle. The results of the experiment showed the ability of cells to grow in the salinity range of 10–60‰ at the pre-reproductive stage and in the range of 4–60‰ at the reproductive stage which indicates a relatively wide salinity tolerance of the studied species. The optimal salinity (25‰) and illumination (2.95 klx) for a 12-h photoperiod were found to be the same for both parent and daughter cells. The light saturation coefficient for them was 1.4 klx, indicating high energy efficiency of photosynthesis. Analysis of the biochemical composition of two Nitzschia sp. strains in the reproductive and pre-reproductive stages of the life cycle was carried out. During the accumulative cultivation a high content of monoenoic and polyenoic acids was observed. In general, the amount of saturated fatty acids (UFAs) was higher in parental cells, and the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was higher in post-initial cells. The quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was almost the same in both cultures. The ω-6/ω-3 ratio showed a predominance of ω-3 fatty acids in both parental and daughter strains. Nitzschia sp. represents an interest for biotechnology given its biochemical composition and fairly high energy efficiency when grown in culture. However, it is extremely important to take into account the phase of the life cycle of the strains in order to obtain individual valuable products.
{"title":"Biochemical Composition and Ecophysiological Characteristics of the Diatom Nitzschia sp. at Different Stages of the Life Cycle","authors":"S. L. Polyakova, S. N. Zheleznova, N. A. Davidovich","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604762","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The work analyzes the biochemical composition and the influence of some abiotic factors on cells of <i>Nitzschia</i> sp<i>.</i> strains at different stages of the life cycle. The results of the experiment showed the ability of cells to grow in the salinity range of 10–60‰ at the pre-reproductive stage and in the range of 4–60‰ at the reproductive stage which indicates a relatively wide salinity tolerance of the studied species. The optimal salinity (25‰) and illumination (2.95 klx) for a 12-h photoperiod were found to be the same for both parent and daughter cells. The light saturation coefficient for them was 1.4 klx, indicating high energy efficiency of photosynthesis. Analysis of the biochemical composition of two <i>Nitzschia</i> sp. strains in the reproductive and pre-reproductive stages of the life cycle was carried out. During the accumulative cultivation a high content of monoenoic and polyenoic acids was observed. In general, the amount of saturated fatty acids (UFAs) was higher in parental cells, and the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was higher in post-initial cells. The quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was almost the same in both cultures. The ω-6/ω-3 ratio showed a predominance of ω-3 fatty acids in both parental and daughter strains. <i>Nitzschia</i> sp. represents an interest for biotechnology given its biochemical composition and fairly high energy efficiency when grown in culture. However, it is extremely important to take into account the phase of the life cycle of the strains in order to obtain individual valuable products.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460689x
R. P. Zakirova, N. K. Khidyrova, S. D. Gusakova
Abstract
The review highlights the current state of knowledge of the chemical composition of lipids in halophytic plants. The role of lipids and lipophilic substances of halophytes in protecting plants from the effects of stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature is shown. Data on the composition of lipophilic components of halophytic plants growing in the Aral Sea region and other regions of the republic are presented. The rich composition of fatty acids in lipids of seeds and aerial parts of halophytes is shown. The comparative composition of polyprenols of various cotton varieties depending on resistance to stress factors is given. It was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants with preparations based on the lipid components of halophytic plants increases their adaptive abilities. Based on the data obtained, the prospects of using halophytes as a source of biologically active lipids and lipophilic substances to protect plants from salinity stress are shown.
{"title":"Lipids, Lipophilic Components of Halophytes of the Flora of Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity","authors":"R. P. Zakirova, N. K. Khidyrova, S. D. Gusakova","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460689x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460689x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The review highlights the current state of knowledge of the chemical composition of lipids in halophytic plants. The role of lipids and lipophilic substances of halophytes in protecting plants from the effects of stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature is shown. Data on the composition of lipophilic components of halophytic plants growing in the Aral Sea region and other regions of the republic are presented. The rich composition of fatty acids in lipids of seeds and aerial parts of halophytes is shown. The comparative composition of polyprenols of various cotton varieties depending on resistance to stress factors is given. It was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants with preparations based on the lipid components of halophytic plants increases their adaptive abilities. Based on the data obtained, the prospects of using halophytes as a source of biologically active lipids and lipophilic substances to protect plants from salinity stress are shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605500
I. V. Zhigacheva, N. I. Krikunova, E. M. Mil, Yu. V. Kuznetsov, I. P. Generozova, P. A. Butsanets, A. N. Goloshchapov
Abstract
The possibility of using antioxidants-derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine: N-acetylcysteinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine and carnitinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine as plant growth regulators investigated on the pea seedlings mitochondria (Pisum sativum L.) Flora 2 cultivar. The influence of water deficiency (WD) and 3-HP on the functional state of mitochondria was studied. Water deficiency activated lipid peroxidation and led to mitochondrial swelling. An increase in LPO intensity was associated with significant changes in the content of C18 fatty acids The content of linoleic and linolenic acids in the mitochondrial membranes of seedlings decreased by 12.5 and 22.3%, respectively. There were also changes in the content of C20 FA: the content of 20:2 ω6 and 20:1 ω9 decreased by almost 1.65 times and 1.5 times, respectively. The swelling of mitochondria, probably, resulted in a partial loss of cytochrome C from the intermembrane space of mitochondria into the cytosol, which led to a decrease in the electron transport rates at the end section of the respiratory chain. The treatment of pea seeds with antioxidants led to the prevention of lipid peroxidation, the prevention changes in the composition of FAs membranes and mitochondrial morphology and also restored the rate of electron transport at the end section of the respiratory chain of these organelles. By preventing lipid peroxidation, the drugs helped maintain the functional state of mitochondria under WD conditions, which probably increased the resistance of pea seedlings to stress.
AbstractThe possibility of using antioxidants-derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine：N-acetylcysteinate 2-乙基-6-甲基-3-羟基吡啶和 carnitinate 2-乙基-6-甲基-3-羟基吡啶作为植物生长调节剂对豌豆苗线粒体（Pisum sativum L.) Flora 2 栽培品种进行了研究。研究了缺水（WD）和 3-HP 对线粒体功能状态的影响。缺水激活了脂质过氧化反应，导致线粒体肿胀。幼苗线粒体膜中亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量分别减少了 12.5% 和 22.3%。C20 脂肪酸的含量也发生了变化：20:2 ω6 和 20:1 ω9 的含量分别减少了近 1.65 倍和 1.5 倍。线粒体的膨胀可能导致部分细胞色素 C 从线粒体的膜间隙流失到细胞质中，从而导致呼吸链末端的电子传递速率下降。用抗氧化剂处理豌豆种子可防止脂质过氧化，防止 FAs 膜成分和线粒体形态发生变化，还能恢复这些细胞器呼吸链末端的电子传输速率。通过防止脂质过氧化，这些药物有助于维持线粒体在 WD 条件下的功能状态，这可能增强了豌豆幼苗的抗逆性。
{"title":"3-Нydroxypyridine Derivatives Reduce Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pea Seedlings under Conditions of Water Deficiency","authors":"I. V. Zhigacheva, N. I. Krikunova, E. M. Mil, Yu. V. Kuznetsov, I. P. Generozova, P. A. Butsanets, A. N. Goloshchapov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605500","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The possibility of using antioxidants-derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine: N-acetylcysteinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine and carnitinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine as plant growth regulators investigated on the pea seedlings mitochondria (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Flora 2 cultivar. The influence of water deficiency (WD) and 3-HP on the functional state of mitochondria was studied. Water deficiency activated lipid peroxidation and led to mitochondrial swelling. An increase in LPO intensity was associated with significant changes in the content of C<sub>18</sub> fatty acids The content of linoleic and linolenic acids in the mitochondrial membranes of seedlings decreased by 12.5 and 22.3%, respectively. There were also changes in the content of C<sub>20</sub> FA: the content of 20:2 ω6 and 20:1 ω9 decreased by almost 1.65 times and 1.5 times, respectively. The swelling of mitochondria, probably, resulted in a partial loss of cytochrome C from the intermembrane space of mitochondria into the cytosol, which led to a decrease in the electron transport rates at the end section of the respiratory chain. The treatment of pea seeds with antioxidants led to the prevention of lipid peroxidation, the prevention changes in the composition of FAs membranes and mitochondrial morphology and also restored the rate of electron transport at the end section of the respiratory chain of these organelles. By preventing lipid peroxidation, the drugs helped maintain the functional state of mitochondria under WD conditions, which probably increased the resistance of pea seedlings to stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606293
M. Manokari, M. Faisal, A. A. Alatar, M. S. Shekhawat
Abstract
Cadaba trifoliata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Capparaceae) is an occasional and endemic tree species of the Peninsular India. In this study, an effective in vitro regeneration system is reported for the first time for this tree, and the impact of growth regulators on the micro-morphometric growth modulations was assessed. Node explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 types of cytokinins viz., N6-benzyladenine (BA), N6-furfuryladenine (kinetin/Kin), and N6-(meta-hydroxybenzyl)adenine (meta-Topolin/mT). The MS medium with mT at 1.0 mg/L was found the most efficient cytokinin for bud break, resulting in a 90.3% organogenic response and producing 8.0 shoots/explants. Conversely, MS medium with 1.5 mg/L BA produced 4.0 shoots, and only 3.3 shoots resulted in 2.0 mg/L Kin. Additionally, a combination of mT (0.5 mg/L) and 0.25 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased regeneration frequencies and a maximum of 23.0 shoots (5.4 cm length) were amplified, in contrast a combination of BA + IAA and Kin + IAA resulted in a lesser number of shoots comparatively with shoot tip necrosis. Microscopic analysis showed that the leaves developed on the optimal mT and IAA combination were structurally superior with moderately differentiated cuticle, uniform epidermal layers, and increased mesophyll density and vascular elements. The leaves from BA + IAA and Kin + IAA treatments exhibited micro-structural abnormalities. The highest rhizogenic response (95.8%) and a considerable number of roots (5.0 roots with 4.3 cm length) were regenerated from the shoots derived from mT and IAA combination on 1.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 91.7% of the regenerated plantlets survived during ex vitro acclimatization. The study thus highlights the pivotal role of mT in stimulating the in vitro regeneration and alleviation of micro-structural and physiological disorders in cultures of C. trifoliata.
{"title":"In vitro Regeneration and Structural and Physiological Modifications in the Foliages of Cadaba trifoliata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: An Endemic Tree of the Family Capparaceae","authors":"M. Manokari, M. Faisal, A. A. Alatar, M. S. Shekhawat","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606293","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Cadaba trifoliata</i> (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Capparaceae) is an occasional and endemic tree species of the Peninsular India. In this study, an effective in vitro regeneration system is reported for the first time for this tree, and the impact of growth regulators on the micro-morphometric growth modulations was assessed. Node explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 types of cytokinins viz., <i>N</i>6-benzyladenine (BA), <i>N</i>6-furfuryladenine (kinetin/Kin), and <i>N</i>6-(<i>meta</i>-hydroxybenzyl)adenine (<i>meta</i>-Topolin/<i>m</i>T). The MS medium with <i>m</i>T at 1.0 mg/L was found the most efficient cytokinin for bud break, resulting in a 90.3% organogenic response and producing 8.0 shoots/explants. Conversely, MS medium with 1.5 mg/L BA produced 4.0 shoots, and only 3.3 shoots resulted in 2.0 mg/L Kin. Additionally, a combination of <i>m</i>T (0.5 mg/L) and 0.25 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased regeneration frequencies and a maximum of 23.0 shoots (5.4 cm length) were amplified, in contrast a combination of BA + IAA and Kin + IAA resulted in a lesser number of shoots comparatively with shoot tip necrosis. Microscopic analysis showed that the leaves developed on the optimal <i>m</i>T and IAA combination were structurally superior with moderately differentiated cuticle, uniform epidermal layers, and increased mesophyll density and vascular elements. The leaves from BA + IAA and Kin + IAA treatments exhibited micro-structural abnormalities. The highest rhizogenic response (95.8%) and a considerable number of roots (5.0 roots with 4.3 cm length) were regenerated from the shoots derived from <i>m</i>T and IAA combination on 1.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 91.7% of the regenerated plantlets survived during <i>ex vitro</i> acclimatization. The study thus highlights the pivotal role of <i>m</i>T in stimulating the in vitro regeneration and alleviation of micro-structural and physiological disorders in cultures of <i>C. trifoliata</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605780
S. P. Maslova, M. A. Shelyakin, E. V. Silina, R. V. Malyshev, I. V. Dalke
Abstract
Data on changes in energy status, activity of pro-/antioxidant metabolism during overwintering of Heracleum sosnowskyi vegetative buds were obtained. The buds of H. sosnowskyi are not endodormant and their growth is limited by the decrease of the soil temperature to negative values at the end of November. The optimum temperature for energy storage in autumn was found to be in the range of low positive temperatures (2–5°C). The autumn buds were characterized a high capacity for the cytochrome respiratory pathway (CP, Vcyt), which accounted for 78% of the total respiration. During autumn morphogenesis and winter dormancy of buds, the levels of pro-oxidants, which are the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2 content, remained stable. In December, when a stable snow cover and negative soil temperatures were established, the dormant buds showed 2.5 times lower rate of energy storage and activated alternative respiration capacity (AP, Valt), as indicated by a 2 times lower Vcyt/Valt ratio. In early spring, compared to winter dormancy, H2O2 levels increased 2-fold and antioxidant enzymes activity increased by 27–78% as insolation increased. Spring buds showed an increase in rate of heat production and a decrease in rate of energy storage, which may be due to spring stress caused by increased insolation. It was concluded that in the tissues of H. sosnowskyi buds subjected to exogenous dormancy, an energy balance between dormancy and growth processes is achieved at the level of respiratory capacity and pro-/antioxidant metabolism.
{"title":"Energy and Pro-/Antioxidant Metabolism of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. Buds during the Winter Dormancy","authors":"S. P. Maslova, M. A. Shelyakin, E. V. Silina, R. V. Malyshev, I. V. Dalke","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605780","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Data on changes in energy status, activity of pro-/antioxidant metabolism during overwintering of <i>Heracleum sosnowskyi</i> vegetative buds were obtained. The buds of <i>H. sosnowskyi</i> are not endodormant and their growth is limited by the decrease of the soil temperature to negative values at the end of November. The optimum temperature for energy storage in autumn was found to be in the range of low positive temperatures (2–5°C). The autumn buds were characterized a high capacity for the cytochrome respiratory pathway (CP, <i>V</i><sub>cyt</sub>), which accounted for 78% of the total respiration. During autumn morphogenesis and winter dormancy of buds, the levels of pro-oxidants, which are the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content, remained stable. In December, when a stable snow cover and negative soil temperatures were established, the dormant buds showed 2.5 times lower rate of energy storage and activated alternative respiration capacity (AP, <i>V</i><sub>alt</sub>), as indicated by a 2 times lower <i>V</i><sub>cyt</sub>/<i>V</i><sub>alt</sub> ratio. In early spring, compared to winter dormancy, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels increased 2-fold and antioxidant enzymes activity increased by 27–78% as insolation increased. Spring buds showed an increase in rate of heat production and a decrease in rate of energy storage, which may be due to spring stress caused by increased insolation. It was concluded that in the tissues of <i>H. sosnowskyi</i> buds subjected to exogenous dormancy, an energy balance between dormancy and growth processes is achieved at the level of respiratory capacity and pro-/antioxidant metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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