{"title":"Effect of ambient wind on horizontal flame spread over discrete multi-column fuel arrays","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102782","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The flame spread behaviors of discrete charring fuels are significantly influenced by ambient wind. This paper studied the horizontal flame spread characteristics of discrete birch rod arrays under ambient wind experimentally and theoretically. Here, seven kinds of array spacings (denoted by <em>S</em>, 7–19 mm) and four kinds of wind speeds (denoted by <em>U</em>, 0.5–2.0 m/s) were designed to develop 28 experiments. The experimental results show that the flame inclination angle decreases as wind speed increases. The non-dimensional flame length and the non-dimensional heat release rate are also found to be correlated, and two ignition modes under the action of ambient wind were differentiated. The flame spread rate and wind speed have a linear relationship based on experimental data. The ratio of wind speed to fuel loading is introduced to further examine the variation of flame spread rate. In this article, a heat transfer model is established by simplifying discrete flame spread process and incorporating both radiative and convective heat transfer. A prediction model for flame spread rate is presented, which aligns well with the experimental results. Finally, the mass loss rate under the ambient wind is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451904924004001","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The flame spread behaviors of discrete charring fuels are significantly influenced by ambient wind. This paper studied the horizontal flame spread characteristics of discrete birch rod arrays under ambient wind experimentally and theoretically. Here, seven kinds of array spacings (denoted by S, 7–19 mm) and four kinds of wind speeds (denoted by U, 0.5–2.0 m/s) were designed to develop 28 experiments. The experimental results show that the flame inclination angle decreases as wind speed increases. The non-dimensional flame length and the non-dimensional heat release rate are also found to be correlated, and two ignition modes under the action of ambient wind were differentiated. The flame spread rate and wind speed have a linear relationship based on experimental data. The ratio of wind speed to fuel loading is introduced to further examine the variation of flame spread rate. In this article, a heat transfer model is established by simplifying discrete flame spread process and incorporating both radiative and convective heat transfer. A prediction model for flame spread rate is presented, which aligns well with the experimental results. Finally, the mass loss rate under the ambient wind is discussed.
离散炭化燃料的火焰蔓延行为受环境风的影响很大。本文通过实验和理论研究了离散桦木杆阵列在环境风作用下的水平火焰蔓延特性。本文设计了七种阵列间距（用 S 表示，7-19 mm）和四种风速（用 U 表示，0.5-2.0 m/s），共进行了 28 次实验。实验结果表明，火焰倾角随着风速的增加而减小。实验还发现，非尺寸火焰长度和非尺寸热释放率是相关的，并区分了环境风作用下的两种点火模式。根据实验数据，火焰蔓延率与风速呈线性关系。引入风速与燃料负荷的比值可进一步研究火焰蔓延率的变化。本文通过简化离散的火焰传播过程，并结合辐射传热和对流传热，建立了传热模型。文中提出的火焰蔓延率预测模型与实验结果十分吻合。最后，讨论了环境风下的质量损失率。
期刊介绍：
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress (TSEP) publishes original, high-quality research articles that span activities ranging from fundamental scientific research and discussion of the more controversial thermodynamic theories, to developments in thermal engineering that are in many instances examples of the way scientists and engineers are addressing the challenges facing a growing population – smart cities and global warming – maximising thermodynamic efficiencies and minimising all heat losses. It is intended that these will be of current relevance and interest to industry, academia and other practitioners. It is evident that many specialised journals in thermal and, to some extent, in fluid disciplines tend to focus on topics that can be classified as fundamental in nature, or are ‘applied’ and near-market. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress will bridge the gap between these two areas, allowing authors to make an easy choice, should they or a journal editor feel that their papers are ‘out of scope’ when considering other journals. The range of topics covered by Thermal Science and Engineering Progress addresses the rapid rate of development being made in thermal transfer processes as they affect traditional fields, and important growth in the topical research areas of aerospace, thermal biological and medical systems, electronics and nano-technologies, renewable energy systems, food production (including agriculture), and the need to minimise man-made thermal impacts on climate change. Review articles on appropriate topics for TSEP are encouraged, although until TSEP is fully established, these will be limited in number. Before submitting such articles, please contact one of the Editors, or a member of the Editorial Advisory Board with an outline of your proposal and your expertise in the area of your review.
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