A comparative analysis of chemical vs green synthesis of nanoparticles and their various applications

Abstract

The synthesis of high-quality nanomaterials by different of methods have been developed through physical, chemical, biological, microbial, green synthesis, coprecipitation, hydrothermal treatment, flame pyrolysis, and biogenic reduction processes. The nanomaterials produced have offered substantial benefits to society through their successful implementation in numerous fields, such as food safety, transportation, energy, catalysis, medicine, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant nanodrugs, vaccines, capacitors, fuel cells, and batteries. Many hazardous effects have been reported due to chemical synthesis, so the potential utility of nanomaterials is also recognized in environmental management,as there is growing demand to control diverse pollutants. At present, there is a green synthetic route for the development of nontoxic and eco-friendly materials in a sustainable manner. The main objective of this review is to provide a perspective overview by comparing green versus chemical synthesis methods concerning the types, advantages, disadvantages, and persistent solutions for extermination caused by toxic nanoparticle production methods.