Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101120
Roman Belykh, Vered Cohen-Yaniv, Hadas Mamane
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized from ammonium citrate were investigated as fluorescence-based probes for assessing ultraviolet (UV) fluence and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). CQDs characterized through fluorescence spectroscopy showed two distinct emission bands at 440 nm and 520 nm, corresponding to the monomeric and agglomerated forms of citrazinic acid (CZA), respectively. Under low-pressure (LP) mercury lamp irradiation, CQDs exhibited fluorescence loss that was significantly enhanced in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Dose–response analysis identified three distinct processes: the monomer (440 nm) reaction followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetics, while the other two processes are the agglomerate (520 nm) fast and slow reactions. Methanol scavenging confirmed •OH involvement in the monomer and slow agglomerate reactions, while the fast aggregate reaction proceeded via another mechanism. Comparative experiments with carbamazepine (CBZ) showed first-order degradation kinetics with linear dependence on H2O2 concentration, contrasting with the L-H kinetics observed for CQDs. These findings give additional insight on the structure of CQDs derived from citric acid and demonstrate that such CQDs cannot serve as dual actinometers for both UV and UV-based AOP monitoring.
{"title":"Monitoring advanced oxidation processes’ efficiency via fluorescence loss in carbon quantum dots","authors":"Roman Belykh, Vered Cohen-Yaniv, Hadas Mamane","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized from ammonium citrate were investigated as fluorescence-based probes for assessing ultraviolet (UV) fluence and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). CQDs characterized through fluorescence spectroscopy showed two distinct emission bands at 440<!--> <!-->nm and 520<!--> <!-->nm, corresponding to the monomeric and agglomerated forms of citrazinic acid (CZA), respectively. Under low-pressure (LP) mercury lamp irradiation, CQDs exhibited fluorescence loss that was significantly enhanced in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Dose–response analysis identified three distinct processes: the monomer (440<!--> <!-->nm) reaction followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetics, while the other two processes are the agglomerate (520 nm) fast and slow reactions. Methanol scavenging confirmed •OH involvement in the monomer and slow agglomerate reactions, while the fast aggregate reaction proceeded via another mechanism. Comparative experiments with carbamazepine (CBZ) showed first-order degradation kinetics with linear dependence on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration, contrasting with the L-H kinetics observed for CQDs. These findings give additional insight on the structure of CQDs derived from citric acid and demonstrate that such CQDs cannot serve as dual actinometers for both UV and UV-based AOP monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple, eco-friendly method was employed to synthesize biopolymer-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous starch (St) solution and tea waste extract (WT), without toxic chemicals. DLS, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to analyze the St/WT-AgNPs. AgNPs production was verified by UV–Vis analysis, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. A zeta potential of –28.15 mV and an average particle size of 77.95 nm were found using DLS measurements. Functional groups responsible for stabilizing nanoparticles were discovered by FTIR analysis; stability was maintained for up to nine months. Porous morphology, elemental composition, spherical shape, and crystalline (FCC) structure were all shown by SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD. The catalytic performance of St/WT-AgNPs in the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm, the corresponding rate constants (k) for RhB degradation were 0.406, 0.1382, 0.0578, and 0.0339 min−1. K values for 4-NP were 0.033, 0.056, 0.1037, and 0.344 min−1. Additionally, the effect of St/WT-AgNPs’ recyclability and reductant on degrading efficiency was evaluated. With MIC values of 100 μg/ml for Bacillus subtilis and 80 μg/ml for Proteus vulgaris, antimicrobial testing demonstrated high action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The IC50 for cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was 80 μg/ml. A comparative study with non-coated WT-AgNPs highlighted the enhanced catalytic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic performance of St/WT-AgNPs.
{"title":"Bio-inspired formulation of starch-coated silver nanoparticles: A sustainable computing towards environmental monitoring and biomedical sectors","authors":"Koyel Biswas , Zisan Ahamed , Tiasha Dutta , Bhaskar Mallick , Pooja Biswas , Jayanta Kumar Biswas , Sushil Kumar Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple, eco-friendly method was employed to synthesize biopolymer-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous starch (St) solution and tea waste extract (WT), without toxic chemicals. DLS, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to analyze the St/WT-AgNPs. AgNPs production was verified by UV–Vis analysis, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. A zeta potential of –28.15 mV and an average particle size of 77.95 nm were found using DLS measurements. Functional groups responsible for stabilizing nanoparticles were discovered by FTIR analysis; stability was maintained for up to nine months. Porous morphology, elemental composition, spherical shape, and crystalline (FCC) structure were all shown by SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD. The catalytic performance of St/WT-AgNPs in the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm, the corresponding rate constants (k) for RhB degradation were 0.406, 0.1382, 0.0578, and 0.0339 min<sup>−1</sup>. K values for 4-NP were 0.033, 0.056, 0.1037, and 0.344 min<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, the effect of St/WT-AgNPs’ recyclability and reductant on degrading efficiency was evaluated. With MIC values of 100 μg/ml for <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and 80 μg/ml for <em>Proteus vulgaris</em>, antimicrobial testing demonstrated high action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The IC<sub>50</sub> for cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was 80 μg/ml. A comparative study with non-coated WT-AgNPs highlighted the enhanced catalytic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic performance of St/WT-AgNPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotic resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most alarming global challenges of the twenty-first century, largely due to overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics used in human healthcare, veterinary practices, and agricultural production. A significant portion of these substances is not fully metabolized and is released into the environment, contaminating soil and water ecosystems. This not only disrupts ecological balance but also puts selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant microbial communities, thereby enriching and disseminating them. Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are often largely insufficient for removing contamination. This gap necessitates the development of sustainable and eco-friendly solutions. In this review, we comprehensively explore the emerging role of green nanotechnologies as promising strategies for antibiotic sequestration. Approaches such as green-synthesized nanoparticles and biopolymers combined with chitosan, ionic liquids, and biochar achieve 70–95% efficiency in laboratory conditions with minimal secondary pollution via mechanisms such as bio-adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrostatic bonding, and so on. Despite the risks of scale-up and ecotoxicity, incorporating these remediation methods, along with proper assessment and a strong policy framework, can provide a long-term path to reducing antibiotic contamination and combating AMR. By critically assessing the potentials and limitations of green technologies, this review focuses on their ability to offer circular, low-energy, and environmentally friendly remediation solutions. By integrating these solutions with risk assessment instruments, policy frameworks, and One Health-based strategies, the negative environmental effects of antibiotic pollution could be greatly mitigated.
{"title":"Sustainable nanotechnology-driven strategies for antibiotic removal and AMR mitigation: a comprehensive review","authors":"Rohit Raj , Sweta Acharya , Sonali Pandey , Ankit Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most alarming global challenges of the twenty-first century, largely due to overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics used in human healthcare, veterinary practices, and agricultural production. A significant portion of these substances is not fully metabolized and is released into the environment, contaminating soil and water ecosystems. This not only disrupts ecological balance but also puts selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant microbial communities, thereby enriching and disseminating them. Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are often largely insufficient for removing contamination. This gap necessitates the development of sustainable and eco-friendly solutions. In this review, we comprehensively explore the emerging role of green nanotechnologies as promising strategies for antibiotic sequestration. Approaches such as green-synthesized nanoparticles and biopolymers combined with chitosan, ionic liquids, and biochar achieve 70–95% efficiency in laboratory conditions with minimal secondary pollution via mechanisms such as bio-adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrostatic bonding, and so on. Despite the risks of scale-up and ecotoxicity, incorporating these remediation methods, along with proper assessment and a strong policy framework, can provide a long-term path to reducing antibiotic contamination and combating AMR. By critically assessing the potentials and limitations of green technologies, this review focuses on their ability to offer circular, low-energy, and environmentally friendly remediation solutions. By integrating these solutions with risk assessment instruments, policy frameworks, and One Health-based strategies, the negative environmental effects of antibiotic pollution could be greatly mitigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101107
Irwan Irwan , Anwar Anwar , Wenkey Mangera P , Muhammad Nurdin , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely discussed endocrine-disrupting compounds due to its significant impact on both human health and the environment. Therefore, the development of accurate, rapid, and portable monitoring methods for BPA is urgently needed. In this study, we report the electrochemical detection of BPA using a novel graphene/TiO2-S (GTS) nanocomposite, synthesized through a simple sonication process. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The average particle size was found to range between 100–500 nm. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the GTS-modified electrode was investigated using cyclic voltammetry techniques. Under optimal conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited two linear response ranges: 0.1–0.9 µgL-1 (R2 = 0.996) and 1–10 µgL-1 (R2 = 0.998), with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0048 µgL-1. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated good stability and selectivity, indicating its promising potential for BPA detection in real sample analysis.
{"title":"High-sensitive electrochemical assay for endocrine disruptor bisphenol A detection based on graphene/TiO2-S nanohybrid modified sensor","authors":"Irwan Irwan , Anwar Anwar , Wenkey Mangera P , Muhammad Nurdin , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely discussed endocrine-disrupting compounds due to its significant impact on both human health and the environment. Therefore, the development of accurate, rapid, and portable monitoring methods for BPA is urgently needed. In this study, we report the electrochemical detection of BPA using a novel graphene/TiO<sub>2</sub>-S (GTS) nanocomposite, synthesized through a simple sonication process. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The average particle size was found to range between 100–500 nm. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the GTS-modified electrode was investigated using cyclic voltammetry techniques. Under optimal conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited two linear response ranges: 0.1–0.9 µgL<sup>-1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.996) and 1–10 µgL<sup>-1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998), with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0048 µgL<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated good stability and selectivity, indicating its promising potential for BPA detection in real sample analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101109
Sayed Kotb Ali , Mostafa M. Emara , Rabie Saad Farag , Moaz M. Abdou , Mahmoud F. Mubarak
The present study introduces a sustainable and bio-inspired strategy for converting Yucca elephantipes leaf waste into an efficient TiO2-based nanocomposite for green water purification applications. The Yucca-derived nanocomposites (YEL–TiO2) were fabricated via an eco-friendly synthesis route and comprehensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA to elucidate their chemical interactions, crystallinity, surface morphology, and thermal stability. The optimized nanocomposite, YEL–TiO2 (0.60), exhibited a balanced surface charge and highly dispersed anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, achieving outstanding turbidity removal efficiency of 86.5 % at pH 4.8, a dosage of 1.8 g L−1, and a 30 min. settling period. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the improved performance arises from synergistic interactions between the hydroxyl-rich biopolymer matrix and TiO2 nanoparticles, facilitating charge neutralization, polymer bridging, and sweep flocculation. Compared with conventional coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride and alum, the YEL–TiO2 (0.60) system demonstrated superior or comparable clarification efficiency while offering significant advantages in biodegradability, low residual Ti concentration (<0.05 mg L−1), and production cost (∼0.23 USD kg−1). These findings highlight the potential of Yucca-based TiO2 nanocomposites as a scalable, low-cost, and environmentally benign alternative for sustainable water and wastewater treatment, transforming agricultural waste into a value-added material aligned with circular economy principles.
{"title":"From waste to worth: A bio-inspired green route for the fabrication of yucca leaf–TiO2 nanocomposites toward efficient and sustainable water purification","authors":"Sayed Kotb Ali , Mostafa M. Emara , Rabie Saad Farag , Moaz M. Abdou , Mahmoud F. Mubarak","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study introduces a sustainable and bio-inspired strategy for converting Yucca elephantipes leaf waste into an efficient TiO<sub>2</sub>-based nanocomposite for green water purification applications. The Yucca-derived nanocomposites (YEL–TiO<sub>2</sub>) were fabricated via an eco-friendly synthesis route and comprehensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA to elucidate their chemical interactions, crystallinity, surface morphology, and thermal stability. The optimized nanocomposite, YEL–TiO<sub>2</sub> (0.60), exhibited a balanced surface charge and highly dispersed anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, achieving outstanding turbidity removal efficiency of 86.5 % at pH 4.8, a dosage of 1.8 g L<sup>−1</sup>, and a 30 min. settling period. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the improved performance arises from synergistic interactions between the hydroxyl-rich biopolymer matrix and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, facilitating charge neutralization, polymer bridging, and sweep flocculation. Compared with conventional coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride and alum, the YEL–TiO<sub>2</sub> (0.60) system demonstrated superior or comparable clarification efficiency while offering significant advantages in biodegradability, low residual Ti concentration (<0.05 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), and production cost (∼0.23 USD kg<sup>−1</sup>). These findings highlight the potential of Yucca-based TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites as a scalable, low-cost, and environmentally benign alternative for sustainable water and wastewater treatment, transforming agricultural waste into a value-added material aligned with circular economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a novel chitosan-functionalized urea nanofertilizer (CS-f-Urea NF) was synthesized via a two-step ionic gelation method, incorporating Zn and Ni to enhance foliar nitrogen (N) assimilation. The key structural and functional properties of CS-f-Urea NF were analysed by NTA, DLS, FTIR, HR-TEM, EDS, XPS, BET, and BJH. In foliar CS-f-Urea NF treatment, a notable increase in plant leaf urease activity was observed in wheat flag leaf, which is essential for enhanced N assimilation compared to foliar urea. Consequently, higher N content and increased chlorophyll levels were recorded, which significantly support plant growth. The results suggest that Zn contributes to structural stabilization of the chitosan complex, while Ni enhances urease-mediated N assimilation. The present work demonstrates that foliar CS-f-Urea NF enhanced N availability to wheat leaves while using 1.8–3.7 times less urea than 2% urea foliar application.
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of chitosan functionalized urea nanofertilizer for efficient foliar application: insights into structure and function","authors":"Damyanti Prajapati , Ajay Pal , Shiwani Mandhania , Khaidem Aruna Devi , Shanti Kumar Sharma , Harish , Vinod Saharan","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel chitosan-functionalized urea nanofertilizer (CS-f-Urea NF) was synthesized via a two-step ionic gelation method, incorporating Zn and Ni to enhance foliar nitrogen (N) assimilation. The key structural and functional properties of CS-f-Urea NF were analysed by NTA, DLS, FTIR, HR-TEM, EDS, XPS, BET, and BJH. In foliar CS-f-Urea NF treatment, a notable increase in plant leaf urease activity was observed in wheat flag leaf, which is essential for enhanced N assimilation compared to foliar urea. Consequently, higher N content and increased chlorophyll levels were recorded, which significantly support plant growth. The results suggest that Zn contributes to structural stabilization of the chitosan complex, while Ni enhances urease-mediated N assimilation. The present work demonstrates that foliar CS-f-Urea NF enhanced N availability to wheat leaves while using 1.8–3.7 times less urea than 2% urea foliar application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101114
Isaac Alhamdu Baba , Ambali Saka Abdulkareem , Tijani Jimoh Oladejo
Water pollution by heavy metals remains a priority environmental problem; as such, there is a demand for low-cost and ecologically benign approaches toward their treatment. Herein, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using Ixora coccinea flower extract, a nontoxic and green pathway toward nanoparticle preparation. The prepared ZnO samples were calcined in a temperature window of 350–550 °C to modulate their physicochemical properties, with subsequent use in the batch mode removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), and Cr(VI) from brackish wastewater. Amongst the calcination temperatures employed, the sample calcined at 500 °C exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency because it removed >90 % of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), and Cd(II) and 71 % of Cr(VI); this was due to a balance of crystallinity, surface functionality, and accessible active sites at this temperature. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the Langmuir isotherm described the equilibrium data, pointing toward monolayer chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis (negative ΔG and positive ΔH) confirmed the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. More than 80 % removal efficiency was retained by the adsorbent even after five regeneration cycles, pointing toward its good stability and reusability. This work highlights the applicability of Ixora coccinea-derived ZnO nanoparticles as a sustainable and efficient adsorbent toward multi-metal wastewater remediation.
{"title":"Biogenic ZnO nanoparticles from Ixora coccinea: Effect of calcination on selected heavy metal removal from brackish water","authors":"Isaac Alhamdu Baba , Ambali Saka Abdulkareem , Tijani Jimoh Oladejo","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water pollution by heavy metals remains a priority environmental problem; as such, there is a demand for low-cost and ecologically benign approaches toward their treatment. Herein, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using <em>Ixora coccinea</em> flower extract, a nontoxic and green pathway toward nanoparticle preparation. The prepared ZnO samples were calcined in a temperature window of 350–550 °C to modulate their physicochemical properties, with subsequent use in the batch mode removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), and Cr(VI) from brackish wastewater. Amongst the calcination temperatures employed, the sample calcined at 500 °C exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency because it removed >90 % of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), and Cd(II) and 71 % of Cr(VI); this was due to a balance of crystallinity, surface functionality, and accessible active sites at this temperature. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the Langmuir isotherm described the equilibrium data, pointing toward monolayer chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis (negative ΔG and positive ΔH) confirmed the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. More than 80 % removal efficiency was retained by the adsorbent even after five regeneration cycles, pointing toward its good stability and reusability. This work highlights the applicability of Ixora coccinea-derived ZnO nanoparticles as a sustainable and efficient adsorbent toward multi-metal wastewater remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101116
Anood Ibrahim , Jibran Iqbal , Kenesha Wilson , Pramod Kumbhar , Swati Singh , Kyriaki Polychronopoulou , Yousef Nazzal
Access to clean and safe water remains a global challenge, particularly in arid regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The present study proposes an innovative approach to treat emerging sources of wastewater, like atenolol (AT) pharmaceuticals, by utilizing activated carbon (AC) produced from biomass waste of date palm leaves, an abundant agricultural waste in the UAE. The prepared AC achieved 84.5 % removal of AT; however, making its composite with nano ZnCuFe2O4 promoted the removal of AT to 97 % at 180 min under the conditions of [AT]0 = 10 mg/L, [AC]0 = [AC/ZnCuFe2O4]0 = 1.0 g/L, and pH = 7.5. The removal of AT by AC and AC/ZnCuFe2O4 best fitted the Freundlich adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of AT adsorption onto AC/ZnCuFe2O4. The removal efficiency of AT was promoted with increasing both adsorbent and adsorbate doses. The removal efficiency of AT was declined under the conditions of both very high and lower pH. The composite material proved to be reusable and stable, and showed greater adsorption efficiency even in the presence of counter ions. The advanced characterization techniques, like FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET, XPS, and TEM showed successful formation of AC and AC/ZnCuFe2O4 composite with porous nature and high surface properties. The adsorptive removal mechanism of AT by the prepared material was found to occur primarily through H-bonding, π-π, and n-π interactions. The prepared material also showed good photocatalytic activity and caused effective degradation of AT into different degradation products (DPs). The ecotoxicities of AT and its DPs were analyzed by ECOSAR program. The effective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation suggest significant potential of the prepared materials in treating pharmaceuticals wastewater.
{"title":"Nano ZnCuFe2O4 decorated activated carbon derived from date palm biowaste for efficient adsorptive removal of atenolol from water and additional photocatalytic activity","authors":"Anood Ibrahim , Jibran Iqbal , Kenesha Wilson , Pramod Kumbhar , Swati Singh , Kyriaki Polychronopoulou , Yousef Nazzal","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to clean and safe water remains a global challenge, particularly in arid regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The present study proposes an innovative approach to treat emerging sources of wastewater, like atenolol (AT) pharmaceuticals, by utilizing activated carbon (AC) produced from biomass waste of date palm leaves, an abundant agricultural waste in the UAE. The prepared AC achieved 84.5 % removal of AT; however, making its composite with nano ZnCuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> promoted the removal of AT to 97 % at 180 min under the conditions of [AT]<sub>0</sub> = 10 mg/L, [AC]<sub>0</sub> = [AC/ZnCuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]<sub>0</sub> = 1.0 g/L, and pH = 7.5. The removal of AT by AC and AC/ZnCuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> best fitted the Freundlich adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of AT adsorption onto AC/ZnCuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The removal efficiency of AT was promoted with increasing both adsorbent and adsorbate doses. The removal efficiency of AT was declined under the conditions of both very high and lower pH. The composite material proved to be reusable and stable, and showed greater adsorption efficiency even in the presence of counter ions. The advanced characterization techniques, like FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET, XPS, and TEM showed successful formation of AC and AC/ZnCuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite with porous nature and high surface properties. The adsorptive removal mechanism of AT by the prepared material was found to occur primarily through H-bonding, π-π, and n-π interactions. The prepared material also showed good photocatalytic activity and caused effective degradation of AT into different degradation products (DPs). The ecotoxicities of AT and its DPs were analyzed by ECOSAR program. The effective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation suggest significant potential of the prepared materials in treating pharmaceuticals wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101127
Jose Luis Parrales , Sarah Briceño , Johnny Chimborazo , Lola De Lima , Francisco J. Alvarez , Gema Gonzalez
The overuse of antibiotics promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that persist in the environment and affect both human and animal health. This work proposes a sustainable alternative using Thalassiosira microalgae decorated with silver and lignin nanoparticles to control bacte- rial growth. Lignin (LNPs) and Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), synthesized using Moringa oleifera and Croton lechleri (Dragon’s Blood), were then in- corporated into the microalgae as a carrier. The samples were characterized using Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force microscopy (AFM), Fluorescence microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic Force microscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs within a range of 17 nm using C. lechleri, 95 nm with M. oleifera, and 28.6 nm for Lignin nanoparticles. Antimicrobial tests conducted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus demonstrated that the nanoparticle-decorated microalgae displayed promising antimicrobial and fluorescence properties. The combination of AgNPs − M. oleifera with Lignin nanoparticles demonstrates notable antibacterial efficacy with an inhibition of 14.53 mm at 15 ppm, suggesting a potential additive effect. The results reveal that microalgae decorated with nanoparticles have potential as an innovative dietary supplement for aquaculture.
抗生素的过度使用促进了抗生素耐药细菌的发展，这些细菌在环境中持续存在，影响人类和动物的健康。这项工作提出了一种可持续的替代方案，利用银和木质素纳米颗粒修饰的海硅藻微藻来控制细菌的生长。将辣木和龙血合成的木质素（LNPs）和银纳米粒子（AgNPs）作为载体掺入微藻中。采用紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、荧光显微镜和拉曼光谱对样品进行了表征。原子力显微镜证实，C. lechleri在17 nm范围内形成AgNPs， M. oleifera在95 nm范围内形成AgNPs，木质素纳米颗粒在28.6 nm范围内形成AgNPs。对铜绿假单胞菌和副溶血性弧菌进行的抗菌试验表明，纳米颗粒修饰的微藻具有良好的抗菌和荧光特性。AgNPs−M. oleifera与木质素纳米颗粒的联合抗菌效果显著，在15 ppm下抑制14.53 mm，表明可能存在加性效应。结果表明，纳米颗粒修饰微藻具有作为水产养殖创新饲料添加剂的潜力。
{"title":"Green synthesis and antibacterial properties of Thalassiosira-microalgae decorated with silver and lignin Nanoparticles: A promising strategy for bacterial control in aquaculture","authors":"Jose Luis Parrales , Sarah Briceño , Johnny Chimborazo , Lola De Lima , Francisco J. Alvarez , Gema Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overuse of antibiotics promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that persist in the environment and affect both human and animal health. This work proposes a sustainable alternative using <em>Thalassiosira</em> microalgae decorated with silver and lignin nanoparticles to control bacte- rial growth. Lignin (LNPs) and Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), synthesized using <em>Moringa oleifera</em> and <em>Croton lechleri</em> (<em>Dragon</em>’s Blood), were then in- corporated into the microalgae as a carrier. The samples were characterized using Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force microscopy (AFM), Fluorescence microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic Force microscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs within a range of 17 nm using <em>C. lechleri</em>, 95 nm with <em>M. oleifera</em>, and 28.6 nm for Lignin nanoparticles. Antimicrobial tests conducted on <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> demonstrated that the nanoparticle-decorated microalgae displayed promising antimicrobial and fluorescence properties. The combination of AgNPs − <em>M. oleifera</em> with Lignin nanoparticles demonstrates notable antibacterial efficacy with an inhibition of 14.53 mm at 15 ppm, suggesting a potential additive effect. The results reveal that microalgae decorated with nanoparticles have potential as an innovative dietary supplement for aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101115
Marwa E. El-Sesy , Sabah S. Ibrahim , Shereen shoieb Yousif , Yadong Zhao
An environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using green Coffee (g-Coffee) bean extract as an eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent is presented herein. The synthesized Ag/g-Coffee nanoparticles were employed to remove Cr6+ and Mn2+ ions from aqueous solutions, and their antimicrobial activity was also evaluated. The successful synthesis was verified via UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. The results revealed that the Ag/g-Coffee nanoparticles achieved adsorption capacities of 79 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 85 mg/g for Mn(II), as confirmed by EDX and elemental mapping. The kinetic data fitted well in a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, as deduced from R2 values (0.999 for Mn2+ and 0.989 for Cr⁶+), which was further confirmed with statistical validation using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean square error (MSE). pH 6, 3 g/L adsorbent dosage, 90 min contact time, and 100 mg/L initial metal concentration were determined to be the optimal conditions using a Central Composite Design optimization technique. Nanoparticles exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Yersinia enterocolitica MZ673567.1 and Staphylococcus aureus PV910481 and showed very good regeneration ability up to four successive cycles. Application to real tannery wastewater removal resulted in 98 % removal efficiency for Cr⁶+ and 93 % removal efficiency for Mn2+ ions with additional decreases in Cu, Ni, and Zn. This study demonstrates the promising potential of bio-fabricated Ag/g-Coffee nanoparticles as efficient, eco-friendly agents of environmental remediation and antimicrobial applications in industrial wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Green Coffee-Mediated Biofabrication of silver Nanoparticles: Process optimization for heavy metal removal coupled antimicrobial applications in tannery wastewater","authors":"Marwa E. El-Sesy , Sabah S. Ibrahim , Shereen shoieb Yousif , Yadong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using green Coffee (g-Coffee) bean extract as an eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent is presented herein. The synthesized Ag/g-Coffee nanoparticles were employed to remove Cr<sup>6+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions from aqueous solutions, and their antimicrobial activity was also evaluated. The successful synthesis was verified via UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. The results revealed that the Ag/g-Coffee nanoparticles achieved adsorption capacities of 79 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 85 mg/g for Mn(II), as confirmed by EDX and elemental mapping. The kinetic data fitted well in a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, as deduced from R<sup>2</sup> values (0.999 for Mn<sup>2+</sup> and 0.989 for Cr⁶<sup>+</sup>), which was further confirmed with statistical validation using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean square error (MSE). pH 6, 3 g/L adsorbent dosage, 90 min contact time, and 100 mg/L initial metal concentration were determined to be the optimal conditions using a Central Composite Design optimization technique. Nanoparticles exhibited high antimicrobial activity against <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em> MZ673567.1 and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> PV910481 and showed very good regeneration ability up to four successive cycles. Application to real tannery wastewater removal resulted in 98 % removal efficiency for Cr⁶<sup>+</sup> and 93 % removal efficiency for Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions with additional decreases in Cu, Ni, and Zn. This study demonstrates the promising potential of bio-fabricated Ag/g-Coffee nanoparticles as efficient, eco-friendly agents of environmental remediation and antimicrobial applications in industrial wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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