The environmental and agronomic benefits and trade-offs linked with the adoption alternate wetting and drying in temperate rice paddies

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109550
Andrea Vitali , Barbara Moretti , Chiara Bertora , Eleonora Francesca Miniotti , Daniele Tenni , Marco Romani , Arianna Facchi , Maria Martin , Silvia Fogliatto , Francesco Vidotto , Luisella Celi , Daniel Said-Pullicino
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Abstract

Context

Alternating wetting and drying (AWD) is an irrigation practice, alternative to continuous flooding, to improve the agro-environmental sustainability of rice cultivation. Benefits include reduction in water consumption, methane (CH4) emissions and arsenic (As) concentrations in grain. However, drainage periods during AWD can negatively affect nitrogen (N) use efficiency by the crop and grain yields, while increasing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and cadmium (Cd) contents in grain.

Objective

The objective of this study was to provide a holistic evaluation of AWD adoption in temperate rice cropping systems, including associated trade-offs. We hypothesized that the adoption of AWD in water seeded rice paddies can reduce the global warming potential (GWP) without affecting plant N uptake or introducing yield gaps, and also maintain a high quality of rice grain by limiting the uptake of metal(loid)s present in the soil, thereby resulting in an overall positive agro-environmental performance.

Methods

In a two-year field experiment in NW Italy two alternative irrigation practices involving water seeding followed by AWD management of different severity (AWDsafe and AWDstrong) were evaluated relative to the conventional water seeding and continuous flooding (WFL), comparing three different rice varieties. Yields and yield components, plant N uptake, apparent N recovery (ANR), metal(loid) concentrations in grain, and CH4 and N2O emissions were evaluated.

Results

AWDsafe and AWDstrong maintained or increased yields compared to WFL depending on varieties, despite an increase in sterility. There were no consistent differences in N uptake and ANR. Both AWDsafe and AWDstrong significantly reduce As concentration in grain, but significantly increase Cd and nickel (Ni). AWDsafe and AWDstrong reduced CH4 emissions by 45–55 % and 40–73 %, respectively, compared toWFL, while no increase in N2O emissions was observed. This resulted in a reduction in the GWP of 46 and 54 % with AWDsafe and AWDstrong, respectively.

Conclusions and Implications

AWD was shown to be effective for mitigating GHG emissions from temperate rice cropping systems while maintaining high yield performance comparable or higher than WFL. AWD may represent a viable alternative to continuous flooding to improve agro-environmental sustainability of temperate rice cropping systems, but the trade-off between decreasing As and increasing Cd and Ni contents in the grain may represent an important concern for food safety with the adoption of this alternative water management practice.

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在温带稻田采用干湿交替技术带来的环境和农艺效益及权衡因素
背景干湿交替(AWD)是一种灌溉方法,可替代连续大水漫灌,改善水稻种植的农业环境可持续性。其优点包括减少耗水量、甲烷(CH4)排放量和谷物中的砷(As)浓度。然而,AWD 期间的排水期会对作物的氮(N)利用效率和谷物产量产生负面影响,同时增加一氧化二氮(N2O)排放量和谷物中的镉(Cd)含量。我们假定,在水稻田中采用 AWD 可以降低全球变暖潜势(GWP),同时不影响植物对氮的吸收或造成产量差距,还能通过限制对土壤中金属(loid)的吸收来保持稻谷的高品质,从而实现积极的农业环境绩效。方法 在意大利西北部进行的一项为期两年的田间试验中,对比了三个不同的水稻品种,评估了两种替代灌溉方法,即在播种水稻后进行不同程度的水稻缺水管理(AWDsafe 和 AWDstrong)。评估了产量和产量成分、植物氮吸收量、表观氮回收率(ANR)、谷物中的金属(loid)浓度以及甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放量。氮吸收和 ANR 方面没有一致的差异。AWDsafe 和 AWDstrong 均显著降低了谷物中的砷浓度,但显著增加了镉和镍(Ni)的浓度。与 WFL 相比,AWDsafe 和 AWDstrong 分别减少了 45-55 % 和 40-73 % 的 CH4 排放量,而 N2O 排放量没有增加。这导致 AWDsafe 和 AWDstrong 的全球升温潜能值分别降低了 46% 和 54%。AWD可能是连续淹水的一种可行替代方法,可改善温带水稻种植系统的农业环境可持续性,但谷物中砷含量的降低与镉和镍含量的增加之间的权衡可能是采用这种替代水管理方法的一个重要食品安全问题。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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