The multiple mediation impact of adolescents' physical fitness and cognitive perceptions on their objective measures – The Cogni-Action Project

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Psychology of Sport and Exercise Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102721

Vanessa Salvatierra-Calderón , Ena Monserrat Romero-Pérez , Vanilson Lemes , Kabir P. Sadarangani , Daniel Reyes-Molina , Pedro Delgado-Floody , Johana Soto-Sánchez , Gerson Ferrari , Caroline Brand , Carlos Cristi-Montero

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Abstract

Objective

To establish whether physical fitness and cognitive self-perceptions act as mediators in the link between global fitness and cognitive performance measured objectively in adolescents. We also compared differences across sex.

Methods

A total of 1296 adolescents (50 % girls) from grades 5 to 8 (ages 10–14) participated in this cross-sectional study. The ALPHA-fitness test battery assessed physical fitness, comprising cardiorespiratory, speed-agility, and muscular fitness components. We used the 1–5-point International Fitness Scale for physical fitness self-perception, and the 1–10 scale for cognitive performance self-perception. Objective cognitive performance was assessed using a neurocognitive battery consisting of eight tasks. Using principal component analysis, these tasks were grouped into three domains: attention, working memory, and problem solving. We examined three serial mediation models adjusted for sex, standardized body mass index, maturation, and school vulnerability index.

Results

Physical fitness and cognitive self-perceptions mediated the effects on attention (B = .0027, CI = .0011 to .0047), memory (B = .0025; CI = .0003 to .0055 and B = .0035; CI = .0009 to .0063), and problem-solving (B = −.0137; CI = −.0231 to −.0052 and B = .0072; CI = .0043 to .0106). By sex, boys showed mediation in all domains, while girls only showed mediation in problem-solving.

Conclusions

Adolescents' perceptions play a crucial and positive mediating role in linking objective measures of physical fitness to cognitive performance outcomes, particularly when self-perceptions of physical fitness and cognition are considered together. Therefore, educating families and school/health environments about the importance of adolescent perceptions, while fostering self-awareness and reinforcing their capabilities, is essential.

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青少年的体能和认知观念对其客观测量的多重中介影响--认知行动项目。

目的确定体能和认知自我认知是否在客观测量的青少年总体体能和认知表现之间起到中介作用。我们还比较了不同性别之间的差异：共有 1296 名五至八年级（10-14 岁）的青少年（50% 为女生）参加了这项横断面研究。ALPHA-体能测试电池评估体能，包括心肺功能、速度-敏捷性和肌肉功能。我们使用 1-5 分制的国际体适能量表来评估体能自我感觉，并使用 1-10 分制的量表来评估认知能力自我感觉。客观认知能力的评估采用神经认知电池，包括八项任务。通过主成分分析，这些任务被分为三个领域：注意力、工作记忆和问题解决。我们研究了根据性别、标准化体重指数、成熟度和学校脆弱性指数进行调整的三个序列中介模型：结果：体能和认知自我认知对注意力（B= .0027，CI= .0011 至 .0047）、记忆力（B= .0025；CI= .0003 至 .0055 和 B= .0035；CI= .0009 至 .0063）和解决问题（B= -.0137；CI= -.0231 至 -.0052 和 B= .0072；CI= .0043 至 .0106）的影响具有中介作用。从性别上看，男孩在所有领域都表现出调解作用，而女孩只在解决问题方面表现出调解作用：青少年的认知在将客观的体能测量结果与认知表现结果联系起来的过程中起到了重要而积极的中介作用，尤其是在同时考虑体能和认知的自我认知时。因此，教育家庭和学校/健康环境了解青少年认知的重要性，同时培养他们的自我意识和加强他们的能力是至关重要的。

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来源期刊

Psychology of Sport and Exercise 医学-心理学

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

172

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： Psychology of Sport and Exercise is an international forum for scholarly reports in the psychology of sport and exercise, broadly defined. The journal is open to the use of diverse methodological approaches. Manuscripts that will be considered for publication will present results from high quality empirical research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, commentaries concerning already published PSE papers or topics of general interest for PSE readers, protocol papers for trials, and reports of professional practice (which will need to demonstrate academic rigour and go beyond mere description). The CONSORT guidelines consort-statement need to be followed for protocol papers for trials; authors should present a flow diagramme and attach with their cover letter the CONSORT checklist. For meta-analysis, the PRISMA prisma-statement guidelines should be followed; authors should present a flow diagramme and attach with their cover letter the PRISMA checklist. For systematic reviews it is recommended that the PRISMA guidelines are followed, although it is not compulsory. Authors interested in submitting replications of published studies need to contact the Editors-in-Chief before they start their replication. We are not interested in manuscripts that aim to test the psychometric properties of an existing scale from English to another language, unless new validation methods are used which address previously unanswered research questions.