Using multiple scales of movement to highlight risk–reward strategies of coyotes (Canis latrans) in mixed-use landscapes

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.4977
Amy Van Scoyoc, Kendall L. Calhoun, Justin S. Brashares
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Abstract

Many wildlife species vary habitat selection across space, time, and behavior to maximize rewards and minimize risk. Multi-scale research approaches that identify variation in wildlife habitat selection can highlight not only habitat preferences and risk tolerance but also movement strategies that afford coexistence or cause conflict with humans. Here, we examined how anthropogenic and natural features influenced coyote (Canis latrans) habitat selection in a mixed-use, agricultural landscape in Mendocino County, California, USA. We used resource selection functions and hidden Markov models to test whether coyote selection for anthropogenic and natural features varied by time of day or by behavioral state (resting, foraging, and traveling). We found that coyotes avoided development, but, contrary to our expectations, coyotes selected for roads, agriculture, and areas with risk of human encounter and rifle use regardless of diel period or behavioral state. While traveling, coyotes increased selection for roads and avoided ruggedness, indicating that unpaved roads may enhance connectivity for coyotes in mixed-use landscapes. Finally, we found that coyotes selected for mountain lion habitat when resting and at night, signifying that risk from natural predators was not a factor in habitat selection at coarse scales. Coyote habitat selection for places and times associated with human activity, without variation across scales, signals a potential for conflict if coyotes are perceived by people as a nuisance.

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利用多种运动尺度突出混合使用景观中郊狼(Canis latrans)的风险回报策略
许多野生动物在选择栖息地时,会因空间、时间和行为的不同而有所差异,以实现回报最大化和风险最小化。确定野生动物栖息地选择变化的多尺度研究方法不仅可以突出栖息地偏好和风险承受能力,还可以突出与人类共存或造成冲突的移动策略。在这里,我们研究了在美国加利福尼亚州门多西诺县一个混合使用的农业景观中,人类活动和自然特征如何影响土狼(Canis latrans)的栖息地选择。我们使用资源选择函数和隐马尔可夫模型来检验郊狼对人为和自然特征的选择是否因一天中的时间或行为状态(休息、觅食和旅行)而异。我们发现,郊狼避开了开发地区,但与我们的预期相反,郊狼选择了道路、农业以及有可能与人类相遇和使用步枪的地区,而与日间时段或行为状态无关。在旅行时,郊狼增加了对道路的选择,并避免崎岖不平的道路,这表明未铺设的道路可能会增强郊狼在混合使用景观中的连通性。最后,我们发现郊狼在休息和夜间会选择山狮栖息地,这表明在较粗的尺度上,来自天敌的风险并不是选择栖息地的一个因素。郊狼选择与人类活动相关的地点和时间作为栖息地,但不同尺度之间没有差异,这表明如果郊狼被人类视为一种滋扰,就有可能发生冲突。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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