Taxifolin-iron nanozymes with excellent RONS scavenging ability for alleviating ethanol-induced gastric ulcer

Abstract

Gastric ulcer, a chronic disease of the digestive system, presents a high incidence rate and poses significant health risks. It is closely associated with the excessive production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RONS), inflammation and cell apoptosis. In this study, taxifolin (Tax)-iron nanozymes (Fe-Tax) was developed by conjugating Tax with iron ions (Fe³⁺), which exhibited the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the gastrointestinal environment. Our results revealed that Fe-Tax nanozymes effectively scavenge RONS, mitigate oxidative damage, inflammation and cell apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, Fe-Tax could alleviate tissue inflammation and gastric mucosal damage by regulating NRF2, NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2, and VEGF signal pathways in gastric ulcer ethanol-induced. Crucially, the Fe-Tax has been shown to have excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study developed Fe-Tax nanozymes with enzyme cascade reactions and provided a highly efficient strategy to prevent and alleviate gastric ulcers.