High-speed rail, resource allocation and haze pollution in China

IF 6.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.08.013
Qi Cheng, Jun Yang
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Abstract

The transport sector is crucial in influencing anthropogenic pollution. By employing Chinese prefecture-level city data from 2003 to 2019 and a sample of 443124 observations of industrial firms from 2003 to 2013, this paper treats the opening of high-speed rail (HSR) as a quasi-natural experiment and uses a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to investigate the impact of HSR on haze pollution. The findings reveal that (1) HSR has a significant negative effect on cities' PM2.5 concentrations, and the result is held after a series of robustness checks; (2) the analysis based on Chinese industrial firm data also yields significant results in reducing smoke and dust emissions by HSR, providing micro-level understanding for the main conclusion; (3) at the firm level, heterogeneity derives from firm ownership, location, and industry; (4) the reduction in industrial firms' labor and capital distortion and resource misallocation play a crucial role in the HSR's impact on mitigating haze pollution; (5) at the city level, HSR reduces haze pollution by improving overall resource allocation across cities, and promoting the flow of capital to cities that are more developed and have higher returns. These results indicate that recognizing the causal relationship between HSR and haze pollution and the impact mechanism poses policy implications for inter-city transportation infrastructure development and pollution control.

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中国的高铁、资源配置与雾霾污染
交通运输业对人为污染的影响至关重要。本文利用 2003 年至 2019 年中国地级市数据和 2003 年至 2013 年 443124 个工业企业观测样本,将高铁开通作为一个准自然实验,采用多期差分法(DID)研究高铁开通对雾霾污染的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 高铁对城市 PM2.5浓度有显著的负向影响,而且经过一系列稳健性检验后,这一结果仍然成立;(2) 基于中国工业企业数据的分析也得出了高铁在减少烟尘排放方面的显著结果,为主要结论提供了微观层面的理解;(3) 在企业层面,异质性来自企业所有权、区位和行业;(5)在城市层面,高铁通过改善城市间的整体资源配置,促进资本流向更发达、回报率更高的城市,从而减少雾霾污染。这些结果表明,认识高铁与雾霾污染之间的因果关系和影响机制对城市间交通基础设施建设和污染控制具有政策意义。
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来源期刊
Transport Policy
Transport Policy Multiple-
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
10.30%
发文量
282
期刊介绍: Transport Policy is an international journal aimed at bridging the gap between theory and practice in transport. Its subject areas reflect the concerns of policymakers in government, industry, voluntary organisations and the public at large, providing independent, original and rigorous analysis to understand how policy decisions have been taken, monitor their effects, and suggest how they may be improved. The journal treats the transport sector comprehensively, and in the context of other sectors including energy, housing, industry and planning. All modes are covered: land, sea and air; road and rail; public and private; motorised and non-motorised; passenger and freight.
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