Numerical and in vitro experimental studies for assessing the blood hematocrit and oxygenation with the dual-wavelength photoacoustics

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Photoacoustics Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100642

Subhadip Paul , Hari Shankar Patel , Vatsala Misra , Ravi Rani , Amaresh K. Sahoo , Ratan K. Saha

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Abstract

Assessing the blood hematocrit (Hct) and oxygenation (SO $_{2}$ ) levels are essential for diagnosing numerous blood-related diseases. This study examines the ability of the photoacoustic (PA) technique for quantitative evaluation of these parameters. We conducted the Monte Carlo and k-Wave simulations to compute PA signals at four different optical wavelengths from test blood samples followed by rigorous in vitro experiments. This method can estimate the Hct and SO $_{2}$ levels faithfully with $\geq$ 95% and $\geq$ 93% accuracies, respectively in the physiologically relevant hematocrits utilizing PA signals generated at 700 and 1000 nm optical wavelengths. A 2% decrease in the scattering anisotropy factor demotes SO $_{2}$ estimation by $\approx$ 27%. This study provides sufficient insight into how the opto-chemical parameters of blood impact PA emission and may help to develop a PA setup for in vitro characterization of human blood.

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利用双波长光声学评估血液中血细胞比容和含氧量的数值和体外实验研究

评估血液中的血细胞比容（Hct）和血氧饱和度（SO2）水平对于诊断多种血液相关疾病至关重要。本研究探讨了光声（PA）技术对这些参数进行定量评估的能力。我们进行了蒙特卡罗和 k 波模拟，计算了测试血液样本在四种不同光波长下的 PA 信号，然后进行了严格的体外实验。利用在 700 和 1000 nm 光波长上产生的 PA 信号，该方法能忠实地估算出与生理相关的血细胞比容中的 Hct 和 SO2 水平，准确率分别为 ≥95% 和 ≥93%。散射各向异性因子每降低 2%，SO2 的估计值就会降低 ≈ 27%。这项研究充分揭示了血液的光化学参数如何影响功率放大器的发射，有助于开发用于体外表征人体血液的功率放大器装置。

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来源期刊

Photoacoustics Physics and Astronomy-Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

16.50%

发文量

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： The open access Photoacoustics journal (PACS) aims to publish original research and review contributions in the field of photoacoustics-optoacoustics-thermoacoustics. This field utilizes acoustical and ultrasonic phenomena excited by electromagnetic radiation for the detection, visualization, and characterization of various materials and biological tissues, including living organisms. Recent advancements in laser technologies, ultrasound detection approaches, inverse theory, and fast reconstruction algorithms have greatly supported the rapid progress in this field. The unique contrast provided by molecular absorption in photoacoustic-optoacoustic-thermoacoustic methods has allowed for addressing unmet biological and medical needs such as pre-clinical research, clinical imaging of vasculature, tissue and disease physiology, drug efficacy, surgery guidance, and therapy monitoring. Applications of this field encompass a wide range of medical imaging and sensing applications, including cancer, vascular diseases, brain neurophysiology, ophthalmology, and diabetes. Moreover, photoacoustics-optoacoustics-thermoacoustics is a multidisciplinary field, with contributions from chemistry and nanotechnology, where novel materials such as biodegradable nanoparticles, organic dyes, targeted agents, theranostic probes, and genetically expressed markers are being actively developed. These advanced materials have significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio and tissue contrast in photoacoustic methods.