Variable damping energy regenerative damper for self-powered sensors and self-sensing devices in smart electric buses

IF 3.7 3区材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1088/1361-665x/ad72bf

Mansour Abdelrahman, Chengliang Fan, Minyi Yi, Zutao Zhang, Asif Ali, Xiaofeng Xia, A A Mohamed, Shoukat Ali Mugheri, Ammar Ahmed

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Abstract

In recent years, the increasing adoption of electric buses (EBs) worldwide has contributed significantly to reducing environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the most challenging obstacle hindering the efficiency of EBs is their power supply. In this study, a multi-purpose variable damping energy regenerative damper (VD-ERD) using a double coaxial slotted link motion conversion mechanism was proposed for health monitoring of the EBs suspension system, tunning the damping during the operation on different road conditions while providing electric energy for self-powered sensors in EBs. The VD-ERD consists of two identical generators; one is connected to optimal constant resistance for maximum energy harvesting, and the other is linked to adjustable resistance for fine-tuning the damping. Consequently, both generators connect to a rectifier and storage circuits. Furthermore, VD-ERD was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance in damping and energy harvesting in different road excitations. The VD-ERD achieved an 11.59 W peak and 1.84 W RMS power at 50 km h⁻¹ on an ISO class A road and a 36.38 W peak and 6.34 W RMS power on an ISO class B road. In addition, the experimental finding indicated that controlling the external resistance is capable of tuning the damping. Simultaneously, the prototype achieved a peak power output of 10.29 W at 12 mm and 3 Hz. Furthermore, the voltage signals received from the generators were analyzed using a deep learning model to monitor the condition of the suspension system in four different modes, namely slow, medium, fast, and failure; the result shows 99.37% training accuracy. Feasibility analysis and performance testing showed that VD-ERD provides sufficient power to 10 sensors, indicating that it can power the self-powered and self-sensing devices of EBs.

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用于智能电动公交车自供电传感器和自传感设备的可变阻尼能量再生阻尼器

近年来，电动公交车（EB）在全球范围内的应用日益广泛，为减少环境污染做出了巨大贡献。然而，妨碍电动公交车效率的最大障碍是其电力供应。本研究提出了一种多用途可变阻尼能量再生阻尼器（VD-ERD），它采用双同轴开槽连杆运动转换机制，用于监测电动公交车悬挂系统的健康状况，在不同路况下运行时调节阻尼，同时为电动公交车中的自供电传感器提供电能。VD-ERD 由两个相同的发电机组成；其中一个与最佳恒定电阻相连，用于最大限度地收集能量；另一个与可调电阻相连，用于微调阻尼。因此，两个发电机都与整流器和存储电路相连。此外，VD-ERD 是在 MATLAB/Simulink 中开发的，用于评估其在不同道路激励下的阻尼和能量收集性能。VD-ERD 在 50 km h-1 的 ISO A 级道路上实现了 11.59 W 的峰值功率和 1.84 W 的有效值功率，在 ISO B 级道路上实现了 36.38 W 的峰值功率和 6.34 W 的有效值功率。此外，实验结果表明，控制外部电阻能够调整阻尼。同时，原型在 12 毫米和 3 赫兹频率下实现了 10.29 瓦的峰值功率输出。此外，还利用深度学习模型分析了从发电机接收到的电压信号，以监测悬挂系统在四种不同模式（即慢速、中速、快速和失效）下的状况；结果显示训练准确率为 99.37%。可行性分析和性能测试表明，VD-ERD 可为 10 个传感器提供足够的电力，这表明它可以为 EB 的自供电和自传感设备供电。

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来源期刊

Smart Materials and Structures 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

12.20%

发文量

317

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Smart Materials and Structures (SMS) is a multi-disciplinary engineering journal that explores the creation and utilization of novel forms of transduction. It is a leading journal in the area of smart materials and structures, publishing the most important results from different regions of the world, largely from Asia, Europe and North America. The results may be as disparate as the development of new materials and active composite systems, derived using theoretical predictions to complex structural systems, which generate new capabilities by incorporating enabling new smart material transducers. The theoretical predictions are usually accompanied with experimental verification, characterizing the performance of new structures and devices. These systems are examined from the nanoscale to the macroscopic. SMS has a Board of Associate Editors who are specialists in a multitude of areas, ensuring that reviews are fast, fair and performed by experts in all sub-disciplines of smart materials, systems and structures. A smart material is defined as any material that is capable of being controlled such that its response and properties change under a stimulus. A smart structure or system is capable of reacting to stimuli or the environment in a prescribed manner. SMS is committed to understanding, expanding and dissemination of knowledge in this subject matter.